FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit serves as an alternative learning material that discusses

the general properties of gases, the scientific postulates as stated in the kinetic
molecular theory, and the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature and amount of gas.

This Self- Learning Kit is divided into three essential parts.

A. What Happened This is the part that learners will do activities they have not
yet done that will lead them to fully understand the competency.

B. What I Need to Know Part of Self-Learning Kit in which learning competency

is explained.

C. What I Have Learned This is the part of Self-Learning Kit that determines the
level of learner’s understanding of the competency.

Learners are expected to nurture their skills and use their learnings in everyday
lives.

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 OBJECTIVES
K. Describe the scientific postulates of kinetic molecular theory
S. Explain the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature and amount of gas using the kinetic molecular theory.
A. Recognize the importance of Boyle’s Law in real life situation.

LEARNING COMPETENCY: S9MT–Iij-20

Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature of gas and amount of gas.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions below about volume-pressure
relationship and write your answer in your notebook.

1. An Irish scientist who discovered the inverse relationship between volume

and pressure at constant amount of gas.

2. This law states that the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional
to the pressure if the temperature and amount of gas.

3. If a fixed amount of gas remains constant at 25.0 °C occupies 3.60 liters at

a pressure of 1.00 atm. What will be its volume at a pressure of 2.50 atm?

4. A gas occupies 1.56 L at 1.00 atm. What will be the volume of the same
amount of gas if the pressure becomes 3.00 atm?

5. Give one application of Boyle's Law.

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Gas can be found around us. It is part of our daily living as there are tools
which we use that apply some principles governing gas properties.
Some of the principal general properties of gases may be listed below:
1. Gases are compressible.
2. Gases fill any container that they occupy.
3. Different gases mix completely.
4. Gases expand in the presence of heat.
5. Gases do not settle in their container.
According to the kinetic molecular theory (KMT), gases consist of tiny,
discrete molecules, each of which has a mass. In gases, these molecules are
relatively far apart with empty spaces between them. This is why gases can easily
be compressed.
Gas molecules are in constant, rapid, random motion. They move in straight
lines until they collide with other molecules, or with the walls of the container. This
movement explains the filling of containers by gases and the mixing of gases. The
moving gas molecules exert pressure in the container. A given pressure is the result
of the number of such collisions in a unit of time. Gas pressure is increased by the
following:
1. Forcing more gas into the container, thereby increasing the number of
collisions per unit time.
2. Decreasing the volume of gas, thus shortening the average distance
between the molecules and eventually increasing the number of collisions
per unit time.
3. Heating the gas in a closed container, thereby increasing the speed of the
molecules and the number of collisions per unit time.

The speed of the moving molecules is the result of the kinetic energy and this
energy increases by heating the gas and decreases by cooling it. The KMT
suggests that the collision of the gas molecules with other molecules or with the
walls of the container are perfectly elastic. In effect, collisions take place without
loss of energy either through friction or through any other means.

Before we proceed in discussing the laws related to properties of gases, take

a look at this list below of the scientific postulates of kinetic molecular theory.
1. A gas consist of very small particles, each of which has a mass.
2. The distances separating gas particles are relatively large.
3. Gas particles are in constant, rapid, and random motion.
4. Collisions of gas particles with each other or with the walls of the container
are perfectly elastic.
5. The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends only on the
temperature of the gas. Gases have higher kinetic energy at a higher
temperature and lower kinetic energy at a lower temperature.

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 6. Gas particles exert a force on one another, in other words, the attractive
forces between gas particles are so weak that the model assumes them to
be zero.

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume

Source: t.ly/5Z54

Air can be found all around us consisting of plenty of molecules moving

rapidly in all directions. We do not feel the pressure exerted on our body because
we experience the same pressure from the air molecules within our body. That is,
the pressures are equal.
The pressure of the gas is the force it exerts on the wall of its container. On
the other hand, volume is the amount of space that a substance or object
occupies.
Let us try to determine the relationship of the two by looking at the graph
below.

Source: is.gd/K0ktvh

Figure above shows a graph of pressure and volume. Kindly note that as the
pressure increases the volume of the gas decreases, and as the pressure decreases
the volume increases.
If there is a decrease in the volume of gas, air molecules will have less space
to move. Therefore, molecules will strike the walls of the container more often and
will result to a greater pressure.
The relationship between the volume of a given quantity of a gas and its
pressure is expressed by Boyle’s law. This law states that the volume occupied by a
gas is inversely proportional to the pressure if the temperature remains constant.
Meaning, at constant temperature, if there is an increase in pressure, volume will
decrease. If there is an increase in volume, pressure will also decrease. Boyle’s
Law is expressed using the equation:
P 1V1 = P 2V where;
2 P 1 = initial pressure
V = initial volume
1
P = final(resulting) pressure
2
V = final(resulting)volume
2
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 Robert Boyle, an Irish scientist,
discovered the inverse relationship
between volume and pressure.
Source: t.ly/AZUT

The table below shows units for measuring pressure and volume.
Units for Measuring Pressure
Unit Symbol
Atmosphere atm
Millimeter of Mercury mm Hg
Torricelli torr
Pascal Pa

Units for Measuring Pressure

Unit Uni Equivalent to 1atm
Atmosphere 1atm
Milliliter of Mercury 760 mm Hg
Torricelli 760 torr
Pascal 101 325 Pa (=105 Pa)

Units for Liquid Measurement

Unit Symbol
milliliter mL
cubic centimeter cm 3
liter L

Since you already have an idea on how volume and pressure are related let
us try to solve problem involving these two.
Sample Problem
A. What volume will 500 mL of gas initially at 25° C and 750 mm of Hg occupy
when condition changes to 650 mm Hg at the same temperature?
Solution

Consider first that the temperature is constant, therefore, we can use Boyle’s
law. Note also that P is 750
1 mm Hg, V is 500 1 mL, and P is 650 2mm Hg.
Initial Final (Resulting)

P = 750 mm of Hg P = 650 mm Hg
1 2

V = 500 mL V =?
1 2

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Then using,
P 1V 1 = P 2V 2 P 2V2 = P 1V
P 2V2 P 11V1
=
P2 P2
P 1V1
V =
2 P2

Substituting the given values for initial and final pressure and volume as reflected in
the table above.
750 mm Hg x 500 mL
V =
2 650 mm Hg

V = 577 mL
2

ACTIVITY
Directions: In your notebook, solve the problem below and show your solution.
What volume will 400 mL of argon gas initially at 30° C and 725 mm Hg
occupy when condition changes to 650 mm Hg at the same temperature?

There are several applications of Boyle’s law that greatly helped us

especially in the field of medicine.
One of the direct applications of Boyle’s law is seen in a chest respirator. A
machine used in the treatment of patients with respiratory difficulties. When the
pressure inside the respirator is decreased, the air in the lungs expands, forcing the
diaphragm down. When the pressure of the respirator is increased, the volume of
air in the lungs is decreased, allowing the diaphragm to move upward again. This
alternate increase and decrease in pressure enables the patient to breathe even
though he or she cannot control the movement of the diaphragm muscles.
Another example of Boyle’s law is in the use of a sphygmomanometer, a device
used to measure blood pressure. When the rubber bulb is squeezed, the volume
of air in that bulb is decreased and its pressure is increased. This increased pressure
is transmitted to the cuff.

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 A picture that shows a patient with Covid-19 being treated with the use of chest respirator.

Source: shorturl.at/hjuzU

Source: Chemistry for the Health Sciences, 8th Edition

Georgie I. Sackheim, Dennis D. Lehman

A sphygmomanometer, a device used to measure blood pressure.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Write the letter of your choice in your notebook.
1. A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the volume
when the pressure is increased to 60.0 mmHg at constant temperature?
a. 9.2 b. 8.2 c. 7.2 d. 10.2
2. Which of the following states that the volume occupied by a gas is inversely
proportional to the pressure if the temperature remains constant.
a. Charles' Law
b. Boyle's Law
c. Kinetic Molecular Theory
d. Avogadro's Law
3. A gas occupies 1.56 L at 1.00 atm. What will be the volume of this gas if the
pressure becomes 3.00 atm?
a. 0.52 b. 0.53 c. 0.54 d. 0.55
4. A gas occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm. What is the pressure if the volume
becomes 15.0 L?
a. 0.69 b. 0.67 c. 0.64 d. 0.66
5. The following are applications of Boyle's Law except
a. syringe b. medical respirator c. automobile engine d. spray nets

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V Schools Division
Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Acting
CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Writer

LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Illustrator/Lay-out Artist
_____________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO

BETA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning
competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and
illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be
reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS
This self-learning kit aims to explain in a simple manner the relationship of
volume and pressure.
Learners are expected to understand the relationship between volume and
pressure, solve related problem, and recognize its importance to our daily living.

About the AUTHOR and LAY-OUT ARTIST

This module was written and designed by LEONREY L.
VAILOCES, a Secondary School Teacher teaching Science at
Demetrio L. Alviola National High School. He is a graduate of
Bachelor’s Degree in Secondary Education and has started
taking Master of Arts in Science Teaching at Negros Oriental
State University.

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