LAB Manual

PART A
(PART A: TO BE REFERRED BY STUDENTS)

Experiment No.02
A.1 Aim:
Implementation of all dimension tables and fact tables related to the case
study mentioned in the first experiment.

A.2 Prerequisite:
Refer to the DBMS manual for SQL Commands and ER diagram.

A.3 Outcome:
After successful completion of this experiment students will be able to
design a data warehouse with dimension modelling.

A.4 Theory:

Dimensions are categories by which summarized data can be viewed. E.g. a

profit summary in a fact table can be viewed by a Time dimension (profit by month,
quarter, year), Region dimension (profit by country, state, city), Product dimension
(profit for product1, product2).
A fact table is a table that contains summarized numerical and historical
data (facts) and a multipart index composed of foreign keys from the primary keys
of related dimension tables.
In data warehousing, a dimension is a collection of reference information
about a measurable event. These events are known as facts and are stored in a fact
table. Dimensions categorize and describe data warehouse facts and measures in
ways that support meaningful answers to business questions. They form the very
core of dimensional modelling.
Dimension tables are referenced by fact tables using keys. When creating a
dimension table in a data warehouse, a system-generated key is used to uniquely
identify a row in the dimension. This key is also known as a surrogate key. The
surrogate key is used as the primary key in the dimension table. The surrogate key is
placed in the fact table and a foreign key is defined between the two tables. When
the data is joined, it does so just as any other join within the database.

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Algorithm:

CREATION OF OLTP TABLES

1. Customer table

SQL>CREATE TABLE customer

2 ( customer_id VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY,
3 name VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
4 addrVARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
5 dob DATE,
6 in_range NUMBER,
7 h_owner NUMBER,
8 c_ownerNUMBER );

The CUSTOMER table is populated using the following sample DML statement

SQL>INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES (‘R41’, ‘Devarseebanerjee’ ,Chennai’,

’16-dec-1947’ , 1 ,0 ,1);

2. Item table
SQL>CREATE TABLE item
2 ( item_id VARCHAR2(20) PRIMARY KEY,
3 name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
4 brand VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
5 dept NUMBER,
6 c_price NUMBER,
7 s_price NUMBER,
8 stock NUMBER);

The ITEM table is populated using the sample DML statement

SQL>INSERT INTO ITEM VALUES ( ‘R4CB84’, ’talc’ ,’ponds’, 5 ,28 ,34 , 21);

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3. Trans Table

SQL>CREATE TABLE trans

2 ( transid VARCHAR2(20) PRIMARY KEY,
3 custid VARCHAR2(20) REFERENCES
4 customer(customer_id),
5 datet DATE,
6 amt NUMBER,
7 branchidNUMBER(2) );

The TRANS table is populated using the following sample DML statement
SQL>INSERT INTO TRANS VALUES (‘R4T81’, ‘R4200’ ,’9-Jan-2003’, 47684, 4);

4. Item_sold Table

SQL> CREATE TABLE item_sold

2 ( transid VARCHAR2(20) REFERENCES
trans(transid),
3 itemidVARCHAR2(20) REFERENCES
item(item_id),
4 qty NUMBER);

The ITEM_SOLD table is populated using the following DML statement

SQL>INSERT INTO ITEM_SOLD VALUES (‘R4T996’, ‘R4SP16’ ,3);

5. Branch Table
SQL>CREATE TABLE branch
2 ( branchid NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY ,
3 street VARCHAR2(54),
4 city VARCHAR2(54),
5 state VARCHAR2(54) );

The BRANCH table is populated using the following DML statement

SQL>INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ( ‘Prasad’, ‘Banglore’ ,‘karnataka’ );

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IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE DATAMART

CREATION OF DIMENSION TABLES

1. Customer Dimension Table

SQL> CREATE TABLE customer

2 ( customer_id VARCHAR2 PRIMARY KEY,
3 name VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
4 addr VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
5 dob DATE,
6 in_range NUMBER,
7 h_owner NUMBER,
8 c_owner NUMBER);

2. Item dimension table

SQL> CREATE TABLE item
2 ( item_id VARCHAR2(20) PRIMARY KEY,
3 name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
4 brand VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
5 dept NUMBER,
6 c_price NUMBER,
7 s_price NUMBER,
8 stock NUMBER);

3. Branch dimension table

SQL> CREATE TABLE branch
2 (branchidNUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,
3 street VARCHAR2(54),
4 city VARCHAR2(54),
5 state VARCHAR2(54));

4. Time dimension table

SQL> CREATE TABLE time

2 ( timeid date PRIMARY KEY,
3 day VARCHAR2(3),
4 month VARCHAR2(4),
5 year VARCHAR2(3));

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CREATION OF FACT TABLE

1. Sales_fact table
SQL> CREATE TABLE sales_fact
2 (custid VARCHAR2 (20) REFERENCES customer(customer_id),
3 itemid VARCHAR2 (20) REFERENCES item(item_id),
4 branchid NUMBER REFERENCES branch(branchid) ,
5 timeid DATE, REFERENCES time(timeid)
6 qty NUMBER,
7 profit NUMBER) ;

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 PART B
(PART B: TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)

(Students must submit the soft copy as per the following segments within two hours
of the practical. The soft copy must be uploaded on the Blackboard or emailed to the
concerned lab in charge faculties at the end of the practical in case there is no
Blackboard access available)

Roll No. 50 Name: AMEY THAKUR

Class: Comps TE B Batch: B3
Date of Experiment: 02/02/2021 Date of Submission: 02/02/2021
Grade:

B.1 Software Code written by a student:

(Paste your problem statement related to your case study completed during the 2 hours of
practice in the lab here)

Dimension Table

CUSTOMER

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER

( CUSTOMER_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
GENDER VARCHAR(10) );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 1, 'Archit Konde', 'MALE');

INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 2, 'Saakshi Deokar', 'FEMALE');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 3, 'Hasan Rizvi', 'MALE');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 4, 'Mega Modha', 'FEMALE');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 5, 'Mayuresh Phansikar', 'MALE');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 6, 'Injila Hussain', 'FEMALE');

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SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER

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PRODUCT

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CREATE TABLE PRODUCT
( PRODUCT_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY,
PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
PRODUCT_COST VARCHAR(10) );

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 1, 'Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk', '140');

INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 2, 'Nestle Kit Kat White', '380');
INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 3, 'Twix Miniature', '449');
INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 4, 'Ferrero Rocher Truffles', '849');
INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 5, 'Toblerone Dark Bar', '1299');
INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES ( 6, 'Galaxy Smooth Milk', '300');

SELECT * FROM PRODUCT

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STORE

CREATE TABLE STORE

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( STORE_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY,
STORE_NAME VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
STORE_LOCATION VARCHAR(40),
STORE_CITY VARCHAR2(20),
STORE_STATE varchar2(20) );

INSERT INTO STORE VALUES ( 1, 'Star Bazaar, 'Korum Mall', 'Thane', 'Maharashtra');
INSERT INTO STORE VALUES ( 2, 'DMart', 'Ghodbunder Road', 'Thane',
'Maharashtra');
INSERT INTO STORE VALUES ( 3, 'Big Bazaar', 'High Street Mall', 'Thane',
'Maharashtra');
INSERT INTO STORE VALUES ( 4, 'Reliance Fresh', 'Naupada', 'Thane',
'Maharashtra');
INSERT INTO STORE VALUES ( 5,'Hyper City', 'Viviana Mall', 'Thane', 'Maharashtra');

SELECT * FROM STORE

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SALESPERSON

CREATE TABLE SALESPERSON

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( SALESPERSON_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEY,
SALESPERSON_NAME VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
STORE_ID VARCHAR2(10),
LOCATION VARCHAR(20),
CITY VARCHAR2(10),
STATE VARCHAR2(20) );

INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 1 , 'Supreet', 1, 'Korum Mall', 'Thane',

'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 2 , 'Filly', 1, 'Korum Mall', 'Thane',
'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 3 , 'Saiganesh', 2, 'Ghodbunder Road',
'Thane', 'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 4 , 'Saurabh', 3, 'High Street Mall', 'Thane',
'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 5 , 'Sakshi', 3, 'High Street Mall', 'Thane',
'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 6 , 'Hemant', 4, 'Naupada', 'Thane',
'Maharahstra');
INSERT INTO SALESPERSON VALUES ( 7 , 'Rutika', 5, 'Viviana Mall', 'Thane',
'Maharahstra');

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SELECT * FROM SALESPERSON

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Fact Table

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CREATE TABLE PRODUCTSALES
( TRANSACTION_ID VARCHAR2(20) PRIMARY KEY,
INVOICE_NO VARCHAR2(10),
TOTAL_AMOUNT VARCHAR2(10),
CUSTOMER_ID VARCHAR2(10) REFERENCES CUSTOMER(CUSTOMER_ID),
PRODUCT_ID VARCHAR2(10) REFERENCES PRODUCT(PRODUCT_ID),
STORE_ID VARCHAR2(10) REFERENCES STORE(STORE_ID),
SALESPERSON_ID VARCHAR2(10) REFERENCES SALESPERSON(SALESPERSON_ID)
);

INSERT INTO PRODUCTSALES VALUES('1', '501', '1678', '4', '2,3,4', '5', '2');

SELECT * FROM PRODUCTSALES;

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B.2 Input and Output:
(Paste your program input and output in the following format, If there is an error then paste the
specific error in the output part. In case of an error with the due permission of the faculty, an
extension can be given to submit the error-free code with output in due course of time.
Students will be graded accordingly.)

Note: Input and Output are mentioned in section B.1

Input :
SQL commands/script which satisfies Two different outcomes mentioned in
Problem statements.

Output:
1. Dimensional Tables created after firing the above SQL commands.
2. The output satisfies 2 different outcomes mentioned in Problem
statements.

B.3 Observations and learning:

(Students are expected to comment on the output obtained with clear observations and
learning for each task/ subpart assigned)

A dimensional model is a data structure technique optimized

for Data warehousing tools. The concept of Dimensional Modelling is comprised of
"fact" and "dimension" tables. These dimensional and relational models have their
unique way of data storage that has specific advantages.

B.4 Conclusion:
(Students must write the conclusion as per the attainment of individual outcome listed above
and learning/observation noted in section B.3)
The concept of a fact table and dimension table was implemented using
dimension modelling.
B.5 Question of Curiosity
(To be answered by the student based on the practical performed and learning/observations)

Q1: What are the differences between the Dimension table and the fact table?

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 Ans:
Parameters Fact Table Dimension Table

Definition Measurements, metrics or facts The companion table to the fact table
about a business process. contains descriptive attributes to be
used as query constraining.

Characteristic Located at the centre of a star or Connected to the fact table and located
snowflake schema and surrounded at the edges of the star or snowflake
by dimensions. schema

Design Defined by their grain or its most Should be wordy, descriptive, complete,
atomic level. and quality assured.

Task A fact table is a measurable event Collection of reference information

for which dimension table data is about a business.
collected and is used for analysis
and reporting.

Type of Data Facts tables could contain Evert dimension table contains
information like sales against a set attributes that describe the details of
of dimensions like Product and the dimension. E.g., Product dimensions
Date. can contain Product ID, Product
Category, etc.

Key The primary Key in the fact table is The dimension table has primary key
mapped as foreign keys to columns that uniquely identifies each
Dimensions. dimension.

Storage Helps to store report labels and Load detailed atomic data into
filter domain values in dimension dimensional structures.
tables.

Hierarchy Does not contain Hierarchy Contains Hierarchies. For example,

Location could contain, country, pin
code, state, city, etc.

Q2: Explain Primary Keys, Surrogate Keys & Foreign Keys with an example.
Ans:

Primary key:

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A column or group of columns in a table that helps us to uniquely identifies every
row in that table is called a primary key. This DBMS can't be a duplicate. The same
value can't appear more than once in the table.

Surrogate key:
An artificial key that aims to uniquely identify each record is called a surrogate key.
These kinds of keys are unique because they are created when you don't have any
natural primary key. They do not lend any meaning to the data in the table. The
surrogate key is usually an integer.

Foreign key:
A foreign key is a column that is added to create a relationship with another table.
Foreign keys help us to maintain data integrity and also allows navigation between
two different instances of an entity. Every relationship in the model needs to be
supported by a foreign key.

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