Jarred CBLM

COMP
ETECY
-
BASED
LEARN
ING
MATER
IALS
Sector:
HEALTH, SOCIAL AND OTHER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
Qualification:
HEALTH CARE SERVICES NC II

Unit of Competency:
ASSIST IN TRANSPORTING PATIENT
GENERAL SANTOS NATIONAL SCHOOL OF ARTS AND
TRADE
How to Use This Competency-Based Learning
Material
Welcome!
The unit of competency, "Conduct Competency
Assessment", is one of the competencies of HEALTH CARE
SERVICES NC-II, a course which comprises the knowledge,
skills and attitudes required for a TVET trainer to possess.
The module, Conducting Competency Assessment,
contains training materials and activities related to identifying
learner’s requirements, preparing session plan, preparing basic
instructional materials and organizing learning and teaching
activities for you to complete.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of
learning activities in order to complete each learning outcome.
In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-
Checks and Task Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on
your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for
assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
 Read information sheets and complete the self-checks.
Suggested references are included to supplement the
materials provided in this module.
 Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are
confident that your outputs conform to the Performance
Criteria Checklist that follows the sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to
your facilitator for evaluation and recording in the
Accomplishment Chart. Outputs shall serve as your
portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation.
When you feel confident that you have had sufficient
practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of
your assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart
and Accomplishment Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation

for this competency before moving to another competency. A
Certificate of Achievement will be awarded to you after
passing the evaluation.
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Prepare and maintain Prepare and maintain HCS323314

1.
beds beds
Collect and maintain Collect and maintain

HCS323315
2. linen stocks at end- linen stocks at end-
users’ location users’ location
Assist in patient Assist in patient HCS323316

3.
mobility mobility
Assist in Assist in transporting HCS323317

4.
transporting patients patients
Assist in bio- Assist in bio-

HCS323318
5. psychosocial support psychosocial support
care of patients care of patients
Handle waste in a Handle waste in a

HCS323319
6. health care health care
environment environment
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : ASSIST IN TRANSPORTING

CLIENT/PATIENT
MODULE TITLE : ASSISTING IN TRANSPORTING
CLIENT/PATIENT
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the skills,

knowledge and attitude required to safety
and efficiently assist in transporting
patients from one location to another
NOMINAL DURATION : 200 hour
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:
LO 1. Prepare client/patient for transport.
LO 2. Assist in client/patient transport.
LO 3. Perform post transport procedures
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Transportation requirements are confirmed with appropriate
health care personnel
2. Transport procedures are explained to patient as required
3. Preparations are made for the safe and efficient transport of the
patient as per instructions
4. Equipment for transportation is readied according to
requirements and checked to ensure that it is clean, complete
and functional
5. Patient is transported to designated location in accordance with
established procedures
6. Equipment is adjusted to ensure patient comfort and safety with
minimal risk to self
7. Patient is brought to designated location and reported to
appropriate health care personnel
8. Equipment is cleaned in accordance with established
procedures
9. Equipment is returned according to standard operating
procedures
10. Working condition of equipment is reported immediately
in accordance with established procedures.
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2
ASSIST IN CLIENT/PATIENT TRANSPORT
Contents:
1. Proper Procedure of Transporting patient to designated location
2. Procedures of securing a patient
3. Safety working practices, including manual handling techniques
4. Patient confidentiality and privacy requirement
Assessment Criteria
1. Patient is transported to designated location according to

standard handling procedures
2. Equipment is adjusted to ensure patient comfort and safety with
minimal risk to self
3. Patient is endorsed to appropriate personnel of receiving unit of
the institution
Conditions
The trainees must be provided with the following:
 Access to relevant equipment for transporting patients

 Equipment and materials relevant to the proposed activities
- Hospital bed
- Wheelchair
- Stretcher
- Lifter
- PPE
 Manual on:
- Relevant policies and procedures manual
- Organizational charts
 Equipment manufacturer’s instructions
Assessment Method:
1. Written Test
2. Oral Interview
3. Demonstration
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 2
Implement control activities
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet4.2-1:

Proper Procedure of Transporting
patient to designated location
You cannot proceed to the next
Answer Self Check 4.2-1: Proper activity if you cannot get at least 4
Procedure of Transporting patient to correct answers in self check
designated location
Compare answer to answer key 4.2-1
Observe Trainers’ demonstration on
Proper Transport of patient from bed
to wheelchair After you accomplish at the activity
and task you have to inform your
Perform Task Sheet 4.2-1 trainer to evaluate it before
proceeding to another learning
Evaluate the performance using the
outcome
performance criteria 4.2-1
Read information sheet 4.2-2 on
Procedures of securing a patient
Answer Self Check 4.3-2: Procedures
of securing a patient
Compare answers to the answer key
4.2-2
Observe Trainers’ demonstration on
Procedures of log-rolling
Perform Task Sheet 4.2-2

Safety working practices, including
manual handling techniques
Answer Self Check 4.2-3: Safety
working practices, including manual You cannot proceed to the next
handling techniques activity if you cannot get at least 4
correct answers in self check
Observe Trainers’ demonstration on After you accomplish at the activity

Safety working practices, including and task, you have to inform your
manual handling techniques trainer to evaluate it before
proceeding to another learning
Perform Task Sheet 4.2-3 outcome
Patient confidentiality and privacy
requirement
Answer Self Check 4.2-4: Patient
confidentiality and privacy
requirement
Listen and participate in discussion
Answer oral questions

Receive immediate feedback from the
trainer
Information Sheet 4.2-1
Proper Procedure of Transporting Patient to Designated
Location
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Demonstrate proficiency in following established protocols for patient
transport, including preparing equipment, adjusting for patient
comfort and safety, and adhering to designated routes, to ensure
seamless and efficient transfer to designated locations.
2. Apply critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential risks

during patient transportation, including identifying and promptly
reporting equipment issues, navigating obstacles, and communicating
effectively with healthcare personnel, to prioritize patient well-being
and minimize any adverse events during transit.
Introduction:
The proper procedure of transporting patients to designated locations
is a critical aspect of healthcare delivery, ensuring that individuals receive
timely and safe transfer between different areas within medical facilities or
during inter-facility transfers. This process requires careful coordination,
adherence to established protocols, and a keen focus on patient safety and
comfort. From preparing the necessary equipment to adjusting it for optimal
functionality and ensuring clear communication with healthcare personnel,
every step plays a crucial role in facilitating a smooth and efficient transfer.
In this discussion, we will explore the essential components of the proper
procedure for patient transportation, highlighting the importance of
following standardized protocols, maintaining equipment readiness, and
prioritizing the well-being of patients throughout the journey. By
understanding and implementing these procedures effectively, healthcare
professionals can contribute to the overall quality of care and ensure
positive outcomes for patients during transit.
Patient Transfers
Transfers are defined as moving a patient from one flat surface to
another, such as from a bed to a stretcher (Perry et al., 2014). Types of
hospital transfers include bed to stretcher, bed to wheelchair, wheelchair to
chair, and wheelchair to toilet, and vice versa.
PATIENT TRANSFER FROM BED TO STRETCHER

A bed to stretcher transfer requires a minimum of three to four people,
depending on the size of the patient and the size and strength of the health
care providers. Patients who require this type of transfer are generally
immobile or acutely ill and may be unable to assist with the transfer.
Checklist 29 shows the steps for moving patients laterally from one surface
to another.
Safety considerations:
 Perform hand hygiene.
 Check room for additional precautions.
 Introduce yourself to patient.
 Confirm patient ID using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date
of birth).
 Listen and attend to patient cues.
 Ensure patient’s privacy and dignity.
 Assess ABCCS/suction/oxygen/safety.
 Ensure tubes and attachments are properly placed prior to the
procedure to prevent accidental removal.
 A slider board and full-size sheet or friction-reducing sheet is required
for the transfer.
Steps:
1. Always predetermine the number of staff required to safely transfer a
patient horizontally.
 Three to four health care providers are required for the transfer.
2. Explain what will happen and how the patient can help (tuck chin in,
keep hands on chest). Collect supplies.
 This step provides the patient with an opportunity to ask
questions and help with the transfer.
3. Raise bed to safe working height. Lower head of bed and side rails.
 Position the patient closest to the side of the bed where the
stretcher will be placed.
 Safe working height is at waist level for the shortest health care
provider.
 The patient must be positioned correctly prior to the transfer to
avoid straining and reaching.
 May need additional health care providers to move patient to the
side of the bed.
4. Roll patient over and place slider board halfway under the patient,
forming a bridge between the bed and the stretcher.
 Place sheet on top of the slider board. The sheet is used to slide
patient over to the stretcher.
 The patient is returned to the supine position.
 Patient’s feet are positioned on the slider board.
 The slider board must be positioned as a bridge between both
surfaces.
 The sheet must be between the patient and the slider board to
decrease friction between patient and board.
 Ensure all tubes and attachments are out of the way.
5. Position stretcher beside the

bed on the side closest to the patient, with stretcher slightly lower. Apply
brakes.
 Two health care providers climb onto the stretcher and grasp
the sheet. The lead person is at the head of the bed and will
grasp the pillow and sheet. The other health care provider is
positioned on the far side of the bed, between the chest and hips
of the patient, and will grasp the sheet with palms facing up.
 The two caregivers on the stretcher grasp the draw sheet using
a palms up technique, sitting up tall, and keeping their elbows
close to their body and backs straight.
 The position of the health care providers keeps the heaviest part
of the patient near the health care providers’ centre of gravity
for stability.
6. The caregiver on the other side of the bed places his or her hands
under the patient’s hip and shoulder area with forearms resting on
bed.
7. The designated leader will count 1, 2, 3, and start the move.
 The person on the far side of the bed will push patient just to
arm’s length using a back-to-front weight shift.
 At the same time, the two caregivers on the stretcher will move
from a sitting-up-tall position to sitting on their heels, shifting
their weight from the front leg to the back, bringing the patient
with them using the sheet.
 Coordinating the move between health care providers prevents
injury while transferring patients.
 Using a weight shift from front to back uses the legs to minimize
effort when moving a patient.
8. The two caregivers will climb off the stretcher and stand at the side and
grasp the sheet, keeping elbows tucked in.
 One of the two caregivers should be in line with the patient’s
shoulders and the other should be at the hip area.
 On the count of three, with back straight and knees bent, the
two caregivers use a front-to-back weight shift and slide the
patient into the middle of the bed.
 The step allows the patient to be properly positioned in the bed
and prevents back injury to health care providers.
9. At the same time, the caregiver on the other side slides the slider board
out from under the patient.
 This step allows the patient to lie flat on the bed.
10. Replace pillow under head, ensure patient is comfortable, and
cover the patient with sheets.
This promotes comfort and prevents harm to patient.
11. Lower bed and lock brakes, raise side rails as required, and ensure call
bell is within reach.
 Placing bed and side rails in a safe position reduces the
likelihood of injury to patient. Proper placement of call bell
facilitates patient’s ability to ask for assistance.
 Hand hygiene
reduces the spread of microorganisms.
TRANSFER FROM BED TO WHEELCHAIR
Patients often need assistance when moving from a bed to a
wheelchair. A patient must be cooperative and predictable, able to bear
weight on both legs and take small steps. If any of these criteria are not met,
a two-person transfer or mechanical lift is recommended. Always complete a
patient risk assessment prior to all patient-handling activities.
Safety considerations:
 Check room for additional precautions.
 Introduce yourself to patient.
 Confirm patient ID using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date
of birth).
 Listen and attend to patient cues.
 Ensure patient’s privacy and dignity.
 Assess ABCCS/suction/oxygen/safety.
 Ensure tubes and attachments are properly placed prior to the
procedure to prevent accidental removal.
 A gait belt and wheelchair are required.
Steps:
1. One health care provider is required.
 The patient should be assessed as a 1-person assist.
2. Perform hand hygiene. Explain what will happen during the transfer and
how the patient can help.
 Apply proper footwear prior to ambulation
 This step provides the patient with an opportunity to ask questions
and help with the positioning.
3. Lower the bed and ensure that brakes are applied.
 Place the wheelchair next to the bed at a 45-degree angle and apply
brakes. If a patient has weakness on one side, place the wheelchair on
the strong side.
 Ensure brakes are applied on the wheelchair.
4. Sit patient on the side of the bed with his or her feet on the floor. Apply
the gait belt snugly around the waist (if required).
 Place hands on waist to assist into a standing position
 The patient’s feet should be in between the health care provider’s feet.

5. As the patient leans forward, grasp the gait belt (if required) on the side
the patient, with your arms outside the patient’s arms. Position your legs on
the outside of the patient’s legs. The patient’s feet should be flat on the floor.
6. Count to three and, using a rocking

motion, help the patient stand by shifting weight from the front foot to the
back foot, keeping elbows in and back straight.
7. Once standing, have the patient take a few steps back until they can feel
the wheelchair on the back of their legs. Have patient grasp the arm of the
wheelchair and lean forward slightly.
 Ensure the patient can feel the wheelchair on the back of the legs
prior to sitting down.
8. As the patient sits down, shift your weight from back to front with bent
knees, with trunk straight and elbows slightly bent. Allow patient to sit in
wheelchair slowly, using armrests for support.
 This allows the patient to be properly positioned in the chair and
prevents back injury to health care providers.
Special considerations:
 Do not allow patients to place their arms around your neck.
Have them place their arms around your hips.
 Avoid lifting patients. Let them stand using their own strength.
 Stay close to your patient during the transfer to keep the
patient’s weight close to your centre of gravity
 If the patient has weakness on one side of the body (e.g., due to
a cerebral vascular accident — CVA — or stroke), place the
wheelchair on the strong side.
To demonstrate proficiency in following established protocols for

patient transport, including preparing equipment, adjusting for
patient comfort and safety, and adhering to designated routes,
several steps can be taken:
1. Training and Education: Ensure that you have received proper

training and education on the protocols and procedures for patient
transport within your healthcare facility. This may involve attending
training sessions, workshops, or reviewing written guidelines and
manuals.
2. Familiarization with Protocols: Familiarize yourself with the specific

protocols and guidelines outlined by your healthcare facility regarding
patient transport. This includes understanding the procedures for
preparing equipment, adjusting it for patient comfort and safety, and
determining designated routes for transfer.
3. Equipment Preparation: Prior to patient transport, ensure that all

necessary equipment is readily available, clean, and in good working
condition. This may include stretchers, wheelchairs, monitoring
devices, and any other medical equipment required for the transfer.
4. Patient Comfort and Safety: When transporting patients, prioritize

their comfort and safety at all times. This involves adjusting
equipment such as stretchers or wheelchairs to ensure proper
positioning and support for the patient. Additionally, take measures to
secure the patient and equipment safely during transit to prevent any
accidents or injuries.
5. Communication: Maintain clear and effective communication with

other healthcare personnel involved in the transport process. This
includes briefing them on the patient's condition, any special
requirements, and the planned route for transfer. Additionally,
communicate any changes or unexpected events promptly to ensure
smooth coordination throughout the transfer.
6. Adherence to Designated Routes: Follow the designated routes
specified by your healthcare facility for patient transport. This may
involve navigating through different areas within the facility or
adhering to specific routes for inter-facility transfers. Avoid deviating
from these routes unless absolutely necessary and communicate any
deviations appropriately.
7. Documentation: Document the transport process according to the

facility's procedures. This may include recording vital signs,
documenting any interventions or medications administered during
transport, and obtaining necessary signatures or approvals as
required.
By consistently following these steps and demonstrating proficiency in

adhering to established protocols for patient transport, you can
ensure seamless and efficient transfer to designated locations while
prioritizing the safety and well-being of the patients under your care.
To apply critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential

risks during patient transportation, including identifying and
promptly reporting equipment issues, navigating obstacles, and
communicating effectively with healthcare personnel, follow
these steps:
1. Risk Assessment: Continuously assess the environment and

potential risks associated with patient transportation. This includes
evaluating the condition of equipment, identifying any obstacles or
hazards along the route, and considering factors such as patient
acuity and medical condition.
2. Anticipate Challenges: Use critical thinking to anticipate potential

challenges or complications that may arise during transportation. This
could include predicting equipment failures, anticipating traffic or
logistical issues, or considering how patient conditions may change
during transit.
3. Proactive Problem-Solving: Develop strategies to address potential

risks and mitigate them before they escalate. This may involve
troubleshooting equipment issues, rerouting to avoid obstacles or
delays, or adjusting transportation plans based on changing
circumstances.
4. Prompt Reporting: Actively monitor equipment functionality and
promptly report any issues or malfunctions to appropriate personnel.
This includes alerting maintenance staff or biomedical engineers to
equipment problems, documenting issues according to facility
protocols, and communicating effectively with team members to
ensure timely resolution.
5. Effective Communication: Utilize clear and concise communication

techniques to convey important information to healthcare personnel
involved in the transportation process. This includes sharing updates
on patient status, communicating changes to transportation plans or
routes, and coordinating effectively with other team members to
address any challenges that arise.
6. Patient-Centered Focus: Maintain a patient-centered approach

throughout the transportation process, prioritizing the well-being and
safety of the patient above all else. This may involve advocating for
patient comfort, addressing concerns or preferences, and ensuring
that the patient's medical needs are met during transit.
7. Continuous Evaluation: Reflect on the transportation process after

completion to identify areas for improvement and learn from any
challenges or incidents that occurred. Use critical thinking skills to
evaluate the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies and adjust
practices as needed to enhance patient safety and minimize adverse
events during future transports.
By applying critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential risks

during patient transportation, healthcare professionals can prioritize patient
well-being and ensure a safe and smooth transit experience for all patients
under their care.
https://www.fgiguidelines.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/FGI-Patient-
Handling-and-Mobility-Assessments_191008.pdf
https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/3-7-transfers-and-
ambulation/
Self- Check 4.2-1
Multiple-choice test: Read each question-and-answer choice

carefully and choose the correct letter of your answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a step in preparing equipment for

patient transport?
A) Ensuring equipment is clean and functional
B) Adjusting equipment for patient comfort and safety
C) Documenting patient's medical history
D) Verifying equipment completeness
2. What is the primary objective when adjusting equipment for patient

transport?
A) Maximizing equipment efficiency
B) Ensuring patient comfort and safety
C) Minimizing equipment maintenance costs
D) Expediting the transport process
3. Which of the following is a critical aspect of adhering to designated

routes during patient transport?
A) Following the shortest route regardless of traffic conditions
B) Deviating from established routes based on personal preference
C) Communicating any route deviations promptly to healthcare
personnel
D) Avoiding communication with healthcare personnel during
transport
4. What should healthcare professionals do if they identify an equipment

issue during patient transport?
A) Ignore the issue and continue transport
B) Promptly report the issue to appropriate personnel
C) Attempt to repair the equipment themselves
D) Document the issue after completing the transport
5. Which of the following is a key component of effectively

communicating with healthcare personnel during patient transport?
A) Withholding information to avoid confusion
B) Using complex medical terminology
C) Sharing updates on patient status and any changes in condition
D) Disregarding input from other team members
ANSWER KEY 4.2-2
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
TASK SHEET 4.2-1
Title: Perform proper transport of patient from bed to wheelchair
Performance Objective: Given the equipment and supplies you should be able to
perform proper transport of patient from bed to wheelchair
within 1 hour
Supplies/Materials :, Sprints, bandages, Gailt belt, surgical gloves, mask, hand

sanitizer
Equipment : Wheelchair
Safety Reminder:
 Wear appropriate PPE
Steps/Procedure:
1. Observe safety considerations
2. Patient should be assed as a 1-a person assist
3. Perform hand hygiene. Explain what will happen during the transfer and
how the patient can help. Apply proper footwear prior to ambulation
4. Place the wheelchair next to the bed at a 45-degree angle and apply brakes.
If a patient has weakness on one side, place the wheelchair on the strong
side.
5. Sit patient on the side of the bed with his or her feet on the floor.
6. Apply the gait belt snugly around the waist (if required). As the patient leans
forward, grasp the gait belt (if required) on the side the patient, with your
arms outside the patient’s arms. Position your legs on the outside of the
patient’s legs. The patient’s feet should be flat on the floor.
7. Count to three and, using a rocking motion, help the patient stand by
shifting weight from the front foot to the back foot, keeping elbows in and
back straight.
8. Once standing, have the patient take a few steps back until they can feel the
wheelchair on the back of their legs. Have patient grasp the arm of the
wheelchair and lean forward slightly.
9. As the patient sits down, shift your weight from back to front with bent
knees, with trunk straight and elbows slightly bent. Allow patient to sit in
wheelchair slowly, using armrests for support.
10. Document the transfer process in the patient's medical record, including any
assistance provided, the patient's tolerance of the transfer, and any issues or
concerns identified during the process. This documentation ensures
continuity of care and provides valuable information for future transfers
Assessment Method:
Demonstration with oral interview
Performance Criteria Checklist 4.2-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Observe safety considerations?
2. Assess Patient as a 1-a person assist?
3. Perform hand hygiene. Explain what will happen during the

transfer and how the patient can help. Apply proper footwear
prior to ambulation?
4. Place the wheelchair next to the bed at a 45-degree angle and
apply brakes. If a patient has weakness on one side, place the
wheelchair on the strong side.?
5. Sit patient on the side of the bed with his or her feet on the
floor?
6. Apply the gait belt snugly around the waist (if required). As the
patient leans forward, grasp the gait belt (if required) on the
side the patient, with your arms outside the patient’s arms.
Position your legs on the outside of the patient’s legs. The
patient’s feet should be flat on the floor?
7. Count to three and, using a rocking motion, help the patient
stand by shifting weight from the front foot to the back foot,
keeping elbows in and back straight. ?
8. Take a few steps back on the patient once standing, until they
can feel the wheelchair on the back of their legs. Have patient
grasp the arm of the wheelchair and lean forward slightly?
9. Shift your weight from back to front with bent knees, with
trunk straight and elbows slightly bent. Allow patient to sit in
wheelchair slowly, using armrests for support, as the patient
sits down,
10. Document the transfer process in the patient's medical
record, including any assistance provided, the patient's
tolerance of the transfer, and any issues or concerns identified
during the process. This documentation ensures continuity of
care and provides valuable information for future transfers
Procedure of Securing a Patient
1. Demonstrate proficiency in applying appropriate techniques and
equipment for securing patients during transportation, ensuring their
safety and preventing falls or injuries.
2. Develop competency in assessing individual patient needs and adapting
securing procedures accordingly, while maintaining patient comfort and
dignity throughout the process.
Introduction:
The procedure of securing a patient is a critical aspect of healthcare
delivery, particularly during transportation or when immobilization is
necessary for medical procedures. Properly securing a patient ensures their
safety, prevents falls or injuries, and maintains stability during movement.
This procedure involves the use of various techniques and equipment
tailored to the patient's individual needs while considering factors such as
mobility level, medical condition, and comfort. In this discussion, we will
explore the essential components of securing a patient, including
appropriate techniques, equipment, and considerations for maintaining
patient comfort and dignity. By understanding and implementing these
procedures effectively, healthcare professionals can contribute to the overall
safety and well-being of patients under their care, promoting positive
outcomes and enhancing the quality of patient-centered care.
Techniques and equipment for securing patients during transportation

to ensure their safety and prevent falls or injuries:
1. Seatbelts and
patients in wheelchairs or
stretchers during transportation.
These restraints should be
adjustable to accommodate
various body sizes and securely
fastened to prevent movement.
2. Lateral Supports: Install lateral
supports on wheelchairs or stretchers to
prevent patients from sliding or shifting
sideways during transit. These supports can
help maintain proper alignment and reduce
the risk of falls.
3. Head Immobilizers: Use

head immobilizers or padded
headrests to stabilize the
patient's head and neck during
transportation, particularly for
patients with spinal injuries or
those who require additional
support.
4.Padding and Cushions:

Apply padding and cushions as
needed to provide support and
comfort for the patient, especially
in areas prone to pressure sores
or discomfort. Ensure that the
padding does not interfere with
the effectiveness of restraints.
5.Wheelchair Brakes:
Ensure that wheelchair brakes
are engaged securely to prevent
unintended movement during
loading, unloading, or transit.
Verify that the brakes are
functioning properly and lock
them in place before transferring
the patient.
6.Transfer Boards: Use

transfer boards or slide sheets to
facilitate safe transfers between
surfaces, such as from a bed to a
stretcher or wheelchair. These
devices minimize friction and
reduce the risk of skin tears or
injuries during movement.
7.Stretcher Straps: Secure

patients to stretchers using
adjustable straps or belts that
fasten across the torso, hips, and
legs. Ensure that the straps are
tightened securely but not overly
restrictive to maintain circulation
and comfort.
8.Assistive Devices:
Provide assistive devices such as
handrails, grab bars, or walking
aids to support patients with
mobility impairments during
transfers and transportation.
These devices enhance stability
and reduce the risk of falls.
9.Continuous Monitoring: Continuously monitor the patient's condition

and positioning during transportation, making adjustments as needed to
ensure their safety and comfort. Regularly check restraints, supports, and
equipment to identify any issues or concerns promptly.
10.Communication: Maintain
clear and effective
communication with the patient
throughout the transportation
process, explaining each step and
addressing any questions or
concerns they may have.
Encourage the patient to
communicate any discomfort or
issues they experience during
transit.
Log-rolling Procedure
1. The purpose of the log-rolling procedure is to move a patient without

flexing the spinal column. The entire body is transferred as a single
object.
2. If a neck injury is a concern, a firm neck support should be in place, and
in-line traction should be maintained with multiple assistants while
performing the procedure.
3. The patient should not ambulate until proper examination and
radiographs are obtained.
4. Keep the patient's arms on the side of the body at all times. Some
recommend that the patient's arms be crossed over the chest.
5. A pillow can be placed between the legs for support while turning.
6. For thoracolumbar trauma and some cervical trauma, the log-rolling
procedure has more spinal motion than using a scoop stretcher, a
straddle lift-and-slide maneuver, or the 6 + lift and slide maneuver.
7. Many authors do not recommend the use of log-rolling for traumatic
spinal cord injured patients
8. Kinetic therapy bed use also reduces the motion at an unstable cervical
spine compared to the log-rolling procedure.
Devel
oping
competency in assessing individual patient needs and adapting

securing procedures accordingly, while maintaining patient comfort
and dignity throughout the process, involves several key steps:
1. Education and Training: Obtain thorough education and training on

patient assessment techniques, including understanding different
mobility levels, medical conditions, and factors affecting patient comfort
and dignity during transportation.
2. Understanding Patient Preferences: Develop an understanding of

individual patient preferences and needs by engaging in open
communication and actively listening to their concerns and preferences
regarding transportation and securing procedures.
3. Comprehensive Assessment: Conduct a comprehensive assessment of

each patient before initiating transportation, considering factors such as
mobility level, medical condition, cognitive status, and any specific needs
or preferences related to securing procedures.
4. Tailoring Securing Procedures: Adapt securing procedures based on the

individual patient assessment, selecting techniques and equipment that
best accommodate the patient's needs while ensuring their safety and
comfort. This may involve adjusting the tightness of restraints, providing
additional padding or supports, or modifying transfer techniques.
5. Respecting Patient Dignity: Prioritize patient dignity throughout the

securing process by maintaining privacy, respecting personal space, and
communicating with sensitivity and empathy. Ensure that securing
procedures are conducted in a manner that preserves the patient's
dignity and autonomy.
6. Empowering Patient Participation: Involve the patient in the decision-
making process regarding securing procedures whenever possible,
empowering them to express their preferences and concerns and actively
participate in their care.
7. Continuous Monitoring: Continuously monitor the patient's comfort and

well-being throughout the transportation process, making adjustments to
securing procedures as needed to address any discomfort or issues that
arise.
8. Documentation and Feedback: Document the patient assessment

process, securing procedures, and any modifications made to
accommodate individual needs in the patient's medical record.
Encourage feedback from patients and caregivers to identify areas for
improvement and ensure that future transportation experiences are
tailored to meet their needs effectively.
9. Professional Development: Engage in ongoing professional development

activities, such as attending workshops or participating in case
discussions, to enhance knowledge and skills related to patient
assessment, securing procedures, and patient-centered care.
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesandsupport/security-
and-safety-at-hospital
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564305/
https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/3-7-transfers-and-
ambulation/
Self- Check 4.2-2

1. Which of the following is NOT a consideration when assessing a patient's

needs for securing during transportation?
A) Mobility level
B) Medical condition
C) Personal preferences
D) Transportation vehicle color
2. What is a crucial aspect of adapting securing procedures for individual

patient needs?
A) Respecting patient dignity
B) Minimizing communication with the patient
C) Ignoring patient preferences
D) Using a standardized approach for all patients
3. When securing a patient, what should be prioritized to maintain comfort?

A) Tightening restraints to ensure no movement
B) Ignoring patient feedback
C) Using excessive force to secure the patient
D) Adjusting procedures to ensure comfort
4. Which of the following is an essential step in the proper procedure of

securing a patient during transportation?
A) Disregarding patient preferences
B) Adapting securing procedures based on individual needs
C) Avoiding communication with the patient
D) Using the same technique for all patients
5. What should healthcare professionals do to ensure patient comfort and

dignity during the securing process?
A) Ignore patient concerns
B) Conduct securing procedures without patient involvement
C) Tailor procedures to meet individual needs
D) Rush through the process without considering patient preferences
ANSWER KEY 4.2-2
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
TASK SHEET 4.2-2
Title: Perform proper transport of patient using Log-rolling procedures
perform proper transport of patient using Log-rolling
procedures within 1 hour
Supplies/Materials : Sprints, bandages, Gailt belt, surgical gloves, mask, hand

sanitizer
Safety Reminder:
Wear appropriate PPE
Steps/Procedure:
1. Before initiating the log-rolling procedure, assess the patient's condition and determine if
there is a suspected spinal injury or any other contraindications to moving the patient.
2. Prepare the area around the patient's bed or stretcher by clearing away any obstacles or
equipment that may hinder the movement. Ensure that there is adequate space and
lighting for performing the procedure safely.
3. Position yourself and at least two other healthcare providers on either side of the patient.
Ensure that everyone involved is aware of their role and responsibilities during the log-
roll.
4. Communicate clearly with the team and the patient throughout the procedure. Explain
each step of the process to the patient and provide reassurance to alleviate any anxiety or
discomfort.
5. If necessary, place a cervical collar on the patient to stabilize the neck and spine.
Additionally, use a backboard or other supportive equipment to provide stability and
minimize movement during the log-roll.
6. Coordinate with the team to ensure synchronized movement during the log-roll. Assign
specific roles to each team member, such as the head, torso, and legs, to ensure smooth
and controlled movement.
7. With the team in position, gently roll the patient onto their side by moving the entire
body as a single unit. Use a coordinated motion to maintain alignment and prevent
twisting or bending of the spine.
8. Provide support to the patient's head, neck, and spine throughout the log-roll procedure
to minimize movement and reduce the risk of injury. Place pillows or padding around the
patient's body as needed to provide comfort and support.
9. Once the patient is on their side, carefully reposition them onto a backboard or stretcher
while maintaining spinal alignment. Use a coordinated movement to ensure smooth
transition and minimize jostling or movement.
10. After the patient is properly positioned on the stretcher or backboard, secure them using
straps or belts to prevent movement during transportation. Ensure that the patient is
comfortable and stable before proceeding with transport.
11. Document the log-rolling procedure in the patient's medical record, including details of
the assessment, procedure performed, and any observations or interventions made
during the process. This documentation ensures continuity of care and provides valuable
information for future reference.
Assessment Method:
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Assess the patient's condition and determine if there is a
suspected spinal injury or any other contraindications to moving
the patient, before initiating the log-rolling procedure,
2. Prepare the area around the patient's bed or stretcher by clearing
away any obstacles or equipment that may hinder the movement.
Ensure that there is adequate space and lighting for performing
the procedure safely.
3. Position yourself and at least two other healthcare providers on
either side of the patient. Ensure that everyone involved is aware
of their role and responsibilities during the log-roll.
4. Communicate clearly with the team and the patient throughout
the procedure. Explain each step of the process to the patient and
provide reassurance to alleviate any anxiety or discomfort.
5. Place a cervical collar on the patient to stabilize the neck and
spine. Additionally, use a backboard or other supportive
equipment to provide stability and minimize movement during the
log-roll, If necessary,
6. Coordinate with the team to ensure synchronized movement
during the log-roll. Assign specific roles to each team member,
such as the head, torso, and legs, to ensure smooth and
controlled movement.
7. Gently roll the patient onto their side by moving the entire body as
a single unit. Use a coordinated motion to maintain alignment
and prevent twisting or bending of the spine, with the team in
position,
8. Provide support to the patient's head, neck, and spine throughout
the log-roll procedure to minimize movement and reduce the risk
of injury. Place pillows or padding around the patient's body as
needed to provide comfort and support.
9. Carefully reposition the patient onto a backboard or stretcher
while maintaining spinal alignment. Use a coordinated movement
to ensure smooth transition and minimize jostling or movement.
10. Secure them using straps or belts to prevent movement
during transportation, after the patient is properly positioned on
the stretcher or backboard,. Ensure that the patient is
comfortable and stable before proceeding with transport.
11. Document the log-rolling procedure in the patient's medical
record, including details of the assessment, procedure performed,
and any observations or interventions made during the process.
This documentation ensures continuity of care and provides
valuable information for future reference.
Safety working practices, including manual handling

techniques
1. Identifying potential hazards, and applying appropriate techniques
and equipment to mitigate risks and ensure the safety and well-being
of oneself and others.
2. Demonstrate proficiency in implementing safe working practices,

including proper manual handling techniques, to minimize the risk of
workplace injuries and promote a safe working environment.
Introduction:
Safety working practices, encompassing manual handling techniques,
are integral aspects of maintaining a safe and healthy workplace
environment across various industries. These practices are designed to
minimize the risk of workplace injuries and promote the well-being of
employees while performing their duties. Manual handling, which involves
the lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling of loads by hand or bodily force, is a
common task in many workplaces and can pose significant risks if not
performed correctly. In this discussion, we will explore the importance of
safety working practices and the role of proper manual handling techniques
in preventing injuries and ensuring workplace safety. By understanding and
implementing these practices effectively, employers and employees can
create a culture of safety, reduce the incidence of work-related injuries, and
enhance overall productivity and job satisfaction.
Potential hazards, and applying appropriate techniques and

equipment to mitigate risks and ensure the safety and well-
being of oneself and others
1. Heavy Loads: Lifting, carrying, or moving heavy objects can strain

muscles and cause musculoskeletal injuries, such as strains, sprains,
and back injuries.
2. Awkward Postures: Adopting awkward postures while lifting or
carrying objects can increase the risk of strains and sprains,
particularly in the back, neck, and shoulders.
3. Repetitive Movements: Performing repetitive movements, such as
lifting or bending, over time can lead to overuse injuries and
musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendonitis and carpal tunnel
syndrome.
4. Uneven Surfaces: Working on uneven or slippery surfaces increases
the risk of slips, trips, and falls, resulting in injuries such as
fractures, sprains, and bruises.
5. Poor Ergonomics: Poorly designed workstations or equipment can
contribute to ergonomic hazards, causing discomfort, fatigue, and
musculoskeletal injuries over time.
6. Unsecured Loads: Failing to secure loads properly can lead to objects
falling or shifting during transport, causing injuries to workers and
bystanders.
7. To mitigate these risks and ensure the safety and well-being of
oneself and others, appropriate techniques and equipment should
be applied:
a. Manual Handling Techniques: Train employees in proper
lifting and carrying techniques, such as bending the knees,
keeping the back straight, and using leg muscles to lift objects.
Encourage workers to use mechanical aids, such as trolleys or
lifting equipment, for heavy or awkward loads.
b. Risk Assessment: Conduct risk assessments of manual

handling tasks to identify potential hazards and implement
controls to reduce risks. This may involve modifying work
procedures, redesigning workstations, or providing ergonomic
tools and equipment.
8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide workers with
appropriate PPE, such as gloves, safety shoes, and back support belts,
to reduce the risk of injury during manual handling tasks. Ensure
that PPE is worn correctly and regularly maintained.
9. Training and Education: Provide comprehensive training and
education on manual handling techniques, ergonomic principles, and
workplace safety practices to all employees. Encourage workers to
report hazards and seek assistance when lifting heavy or awkward
objects.
10. Workplace Design: Design workstations, layouts, and
workflows to minimize manual handling tasks where possible. Use
automation, mechanization, or job rotation to reduce the frequency
and intensity of manual handling activities.
11. Regular Breaks: Encourage workers to take regular breaks and
rotate tasks to prevent fatigue and overexertion during manual
handling activities. Provide opportunities for rest and recovery to
reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/risk-assessment-basics-identifying-
potential-hazards-m%C3%A1rio-lan%C3%A7a
https://worksafe.tas.gov.au/topics/Health-and-Safety/managing-safety/
getting-your-safety-systems-right/4-steps-to-manage-hazards-and-risk
To demonstrate proficiency in implementing safe working
practices, including proper manual handling techniques, to
minimize the risk of workplace injuries and promote a safe
working environment, follow these steps:
1. Training and Education: Participate in comprehensive training

programs that cover safe working practices, including manual
handling techniques. Attend workshops, seminars, and safety courses
to learn about ergonomic principles, proper lifting and carrying
techniques, and risk assessment procedures.
2. Understanding Regulations: Familiarize yourself with relevant

workplace health and safety regulations, standards, and guidelines
governing manual handling practices. Understand your rights and
responsibilities as outlined by regulatory bodies such as OSHA
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) or equivalent
organizations in your region.
3. Risk Assessment: Develop the ability to conduct risk assessments of

manual handling tasks to identify potential hazards and assess the
level of risk associated with each task. Use standardized risk
assessment tools or checklists to systematically evaluate factors such
as load weight, task frequency, posture, and environmental
conditions.
4. Applying Proper Techniques: Practice and master proper manual

handling techniques, including lifting, carrying, pushing, and pulling,
to minimize the risk of injury. Follow ergonomic principles such as
keeping the spine neutral, bending the knees to lift, and using the legs
instead of the back to generate force.
5. Use of Mechanical Aids: Understand and utilize mechanical aids and

assistive devices, such as lifting belts, hoists, dollies, and pallet jacks,
to reduce the physical strain associated with manual handling tasks.
Learn how to operate these devices safely and effectively, and advocate
for their use when handling heavy or awkward loads.
6. Teamwork and Communication: Foster a culture of teamwork and
open communication in the workplace, where employees collaborate to
identify hazards, share best practices, and support each other in
implementing safe working practices. Communicate effectively with
colleagues to coordinate manual handling tasks and seek assistance
when needed.
7. Ergonomic Work Environment: Advocate for ergonomic

improvements in the workplace, such as adjustable workstations,
lifting aids, and proper storage solutions, to minimize the risk of
musculoskeletal injuries and promote worker comfort and
productivity.
8. Continuous Improvement: Continuously seek opportunities for

learning and improvement by staying informed about emerging
trends, technologies, and best practices in workplace safety and
ergonomics. Participate in safety committees, toolbox talks, and safety
audits to identify areas for enhancement and implement proactive
measures to address them.
9. Leading by Example: Lead by example and demonstrate a

commitment to safety in all aspects of your work. Encourage
colleagues to prioritize safety, adhere to established procedures, and
actively participate in safety initiatives and programs.
10. Seeking Feedback: Solicit feedback from supervisors,

colleagues, and safety professionals to assess your proficiency in
implementing safe working practices. Act on constructive feedback to
refine your skills and improve your effectiveness in promoting a safe
working environment.
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-administration-inspection/
resources-library/publications/guide-for-labour-inspectors/how-can-
osh-be-managed/lang--en/index.htm
Steps involved in manual handling techniques for transporting a
patient:
1. Assessment: Before initiating any manual handling, assess the patient's

condition to determine their mobility level, any potential risks, and the
assistance required for safe transportation.
2. Preparation: Clear the surrounding area of obstacles to create a safe path
for transportation. Ensure that necessary equipment, such as a
wheelchair, stretcher, or transfer board, is readily available and in good
working condition.
3. Communication: Communicate with the patient to explain the
transportation process and obtain their cooperation. Inform them of any
movements you will make and encourage them to assist as much as
possible.
4. Positioning: Position the patient appropriately for the type of transfer
required (e.g., sitting on the edge of the bed, lying down on a stretcher).
Ensure that the patient is in a stable position and comfortable before
proceeding.
5. Use of Proper Techniques: Utilize proper manual handling techniques to
lift, transfer, or reposition the patient. This may include techniques such
as the squat lift, pivot transfer, or slide transfer, depending on the
patient's mobility and the transfer situation.
6. Teamwork: If assistance is needed, coordinate with other healthcare
providers to ensure safe and efficient transportation. Assign specific roles
to each team member to ensure smooth execution of the transfer.
7. Support and Stability: Provide adequate support and stability to the
patient throughout the transfer process to prevent falls or injuries. Use
supportive devices such as gait belts, transfer sheets, or assistive devices
as needed.
8. Transferring to Equipment: If transferring the patient to a wheelchair or
stretcher, ensure that the equipment is positioned correctly and locked in
place to prevent movement during transfer. Assist the patient to move
onto the equipment using safe and controlled movements.
9. Securement: Once the patient is safely transferred to the desired location
or equipment, ensure that they are securely fastened or positioned to
prevent accidental falls or movement during transportation.
10. Reassessment: After completing the transfer, reassess the patient's
comfort and safety to ensure that they are stable and secure. Make any
necessary adjustments or modifications to improve their comfort and
well-being.
11. Documentation: Document the manual handling process, including any
assistance provided, observations made, and any issues or concerns
identified during the transfer. This documentation ensures continuity of
care and provides valuable information for future transfers or reference.
https://humanfocus.co.uk/blog/10-common-manual-handling-injuries-
in-the-workplace-and-how-to-prevent-them/
Self- Check 4.2-3

1. What is one of the primary goals of implementing safety working

practices, including manual handling techniques?
A) Maximizing production output
B) Minimizing the risk of workplace injuries
C) Reducing employee wages
D) Increasing overtime hours
2. Which of the following is NOT a key component of proper manual

handling techniques?
A) Keeping the spine neutral
B) Using the legs instead of the back to lift
C) Twisting the body while lifting heavy objects
D) Bending the knees to lift objects
3. What is the purpose of conducting a risk assessment for manual

handling tasks?
A) To increase the number of manual handling tasks
B) To identify potential hazards and assess risks
C) To ignore safety concerns
D) To decrease employee morale
4. Which of the following is an example of a mechanical aid used to reduce

the physical strain of manual handling tasks?
A) Safety goggles
B) Hard hat
C) Lifting belt
D) Earplugs
5. What is one way to promote a culture of safety in the workplace?

A) Encouraging employees to ignore safety protocols
B) Providing inadequate safety training
C) Leading by example and prioritizing safety
D) Punishing employees for reporting safety concerns
ANSWER KEY 4.2-2
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. C
TASK SHEET 4.2-3
Title: Perform proper manual handling techniques in transporting patient
perform proper manual handling techniques in
transporting patient within 1 hour
Supplies/Materials : Sprints, bandages, Gailt belt, surgical gloves, mask, hand
sanitizer, bed, stretcher, transfer board
Safety Reminder:
Wear appropriate PPE
Steps/Procedure:
1. Before initiating any manual handling, assess the patient's condition to determine their
mobility level, any potential risks, and the assistance required for safe transportation.
2. Clear the surrounding area of obstacles to create a safe path for transportation. Ensure that
necessary equipment, such as a wheelchair, stretcher, or transfer board, is readily available
and in good working condition.
3. Communicate with the patient to explain the transportation process and obtain their
cooperation. Inform them of any movements you will make and encourage them to assist as
much as possible.
4. Position the patient appropriately for the type of transfer required (e.g., sitting on the edge of
the bed, lying down on a stretcher). Ensure that the patient is in a stable position and
comfortable before proceeding.
5. Utilize proper manual handling techniques to lift, transfer, or reposition the patient. This may
include techniques such as the squat lift, pivot transfer, or slide transfer, depending on the
patient's mobility and the transfer situation.
6. If assistance is needed, coordinate with other healthcare providers to ensure safe and
efficient transportation. Assign specific roles to each team member to ensure smooth
execution of the transfer.
7. Provide adequate support and stability to the patient throughout the transfer process to
prevent falls or injuries. Use supportive devices such as gait belts, transfer sheets, or
assistive devices as needed.
8. If transferring the patient to a wheelchair or stretcher, ensure that the equipment is
positioned correctly and locked in place to prevent movement during transfer. Assist the
patient to move onto the equipment using safe and controlled movements.
9. Once the patient is safely transferred to the desired location or equipment, ensure that they
are securely fastened or positioned to prevent accidental falls or movement during
transportation.
10. After completing the transfer, reassess the patient's comfort and safety to ensure that they
are stable and secure. Make any necessary adjustments or modifications to improve their
comfort and well-being.
11. Document the manual handling process, including any assistance provided, observations
made, and any issues or concerns identified during the transfer. This documentation ensures
continuity of care and provides valuable information for future transfers or reference.
Assessment Method:
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Assess the patient's condition to determine their mobility level,
any potential risks, and the assistance required for safe
transportation, before initiating any manual handling?
2. Clear the surrounding area of obstacles to create a safe path for
transportation. Ensure that necessary equipment, such as a
wheelchair, stretcher, or transfer board, is readily available and in
good working condition?
3. Communicate with the patient to explain the transportation
process and obtain their cooperation. Inform them of any
movements you will make and encourage them to assist as much
as possible?
4. Position the patient appropriately for the type of transfer required
(e.g., sitting on the edge of the bed, lying down on a stretcher).
Ensure that the patient is in a stable position and comfortable
before proceeding?
5. Utilize proper manual handling techniques to lift, transfer, or
reposition the patient. This may include techniques such as the
squat lift, pivot transfer, or slide transfer, depending on the
patient's mobility and the transfer situation?
6. Coordinate with other healthcare providers to ensure safe and
efficient transportation. Assign specific roles to each team
member to ensure smooth execution of the transfer?
7. Provide adequate support and stability to the patient throughout
the transfer process to prevent falls or injuries. Use supportive
devices such as gait belts, transfer sheets, or assistive devices as
needed?
8. Ensure that the equipment is positioned correctly and locked in
place to prevent movement during transfer of patient to a
wheelchair or stretcher. Assist the patient to move onto the
equipment using safe and controlled movements?
9. Ensure that they are securely fastened or positioned to prevent
accidental falls or movement during transportation, once the
patient is safely transferred to the desired location or equipment?
10. ensure that they are stable and secure. Make any
necessary adjustments or modifications to improve their comfort
and well-being, after completing the transfer, reassess the
patient's comfort and safety?
11. Document the manual handling process, including any assistance
provided, observations made, and any issues or concerns
identified during the transfer. This documentation ensures
continuity of care and provides valuable information for future
transfers or reference
Patient confidentiality and privacy requirement
1. Understand the legal and ethical principles governing patient
confidentiality and privacy, including relevant laws such as HIPAA
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) and ethical
guidelines established by professional organizations.
2. Develop proficiency in implementing protocols and procedures to

maintain patient confidentiality and privacy in various healthcare
settings, including proper handling of medical records, secure
communication practices, and safeguarding patient information from
unauthorized access or disclosure.
Introduction:
Patient confidentiality and privacy are fundamental principles in
healthcare that uphold the rights and dignity of individuals seeking medical
treatment. The confidentiality of patient information is crucial for building
trust between healthcare providers and patients, ensuring open
communication, and promoting quality care delivery. Privacy requirements
are enshrined in legal and ethical standards, such as the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, which
mandate the protection of sensitive health information from unauthorized
access, use, or disclosure. In this discussion, we will explore the importance
of patient confidentiality and privacy requirements in healthcare, the legal
and ethical framework governing these principles, and the measures
healthcare providers must implement to safeguard patient information. By
understanding and adhering to these requirements, healthcare professionals
can maintain patient trust, preserve confidentiality, and uphold the highest
standards of ethical practice in patient care.
The legal and ethical principles governing patient
confidentiality and privacy are crucial components of
healthcare practice. Here are some key aspects:
1. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act):

a. HIPAA is a federal law in the United States that sets standards
for the protection of sensitive patient health information, known
as Protected Health Information (PHI).
b. HIPAA Privacy Rule regulates the use and disclosure of PHI by
covered entities, such as healthcare providers, health plans,
and healthcare clearinghouses.
c. The HIPAA Security Rule establishes safeguards to protect the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic PHI (ePHI).
d. HIPAA Breach Notification Rule mandates covered entities to
notify affected individuals, the Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS), and, in some cases, the media, in the
event of a breach compromising PHI.
2. Confidentiality Laws and Regulations:

a. In addition to HIPAA, various state and international laws
govern patient confidentiality and privacy, imposing legal
obligations on healthcare providers to protect patient
information.
b. Examples include state-specific health information privacy laws,
such as California's Confidentiality of Medical Information Act
(CMIA), and international data protection regulations like the
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European
Union.
3. Ethical Guidelines:
a. Professional organizations, such as the American Medical
Association (AMA) and the American Nurses Association (ANA),
establish ethical guidelines and codes of conduct that
healthcare professionals are expected to follow.
b. These guidelines emphasize the importance of respecting patient
confidentiality and privacy, maintaining trust, and upholding
the rights of patients to control their health information.
4. Informed Consent:
a. Informed consent is a cornerstone of patient autonomy and
privacy. Healthcare providers must obtain patients' informed
consent before disclosing their health information to third
parties, except in situations where disclosure is required by law
or necessary for treatment, payment, or healthcare operations.
5. Duty of Confidentiality:
a. Healthcare professionals have a legal and ethical duty to
maintain the confidentiality of patient information acquired
during the course of treatment. This duty extends to all forms of
patient information, including verbal, written, and electronic
records.
6. Security Measures:
a. Healthcare organizations are required to implement
administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect
patient information from unauthorized access, disclosure,
alteration, or destruction.
b. These security measures may include access controls,
encryption, secure communication channels, staff training, and
regular risk assessments.
Developing proficiency in implementing protocols and procedures to

maintain patient confidentiality and privacy in healthcare settings
requires a multifaceted approach. Here are steps to achieve proficiency
in this area:
1. Education and Training:

a. Obtain comprehensive education and training on patient
confidentiality and privacy regulations, including HIPAA
requirements, relevant laws, and organizational policies.
b. Participate in training programs and workshops that focus on
proper handling of medical records, secure communication
practices, and safeguarding patient information.
2. Familiarization with Policies and Procedures:
a. Familiarize yourself with organizational policies and procedures
related to patient confidentiality and privacy. Understand the
protocols for accessing, storing, and sharing patient information
within your healthcare setting.
b. Stay updated on any changes or updates to policies and
procedures, and seek clarification or guidance when needed.
3. Proper Handling of Medical Records:
a. Ensure that you understand the proper procedures for handling
and storing medical records, both in physical and electronic
formats.
b. Adhere to principles of least privilege, only accessing patient
information that is necessary for your role, and always logging
out of systems when not in use.
4. Secure Communication Practices:
a. Use secure communication methods, such as encrypted email
or secure messaging platforms, when transmitting patient
information electronically.
b. Avoid discussing patient information in public areas where
conversations may be overheard, and use discretion when
discussing patient cases with colleagues.
5. Safeguarding Patient Information:
a. Implement physical safeguards to protect patient information,
such as locking filing cabinets or computer screens when not in
use.
b. Be vigilant about preventing unauthorized access to patient
information, including ensuring that visitors do not have access
to confidential areas without authorization.
6. Risk Assessment and Mitigation:
a. Conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential
vulnerabilities in patient confidentiality and privacy practices
within your healthcare setting.
b. Take proactive measures to mitigate risks, such as
implementing additional security controls or providing staff
training on privacy best practices.
7. Patient Education:
a. Educate patients about their rights regarding the privacy and
confidentiality of their health information.
b. Obtain informed consent before sharing patient information
with third parties, and explain the purpose and scope of any
disclosures.
8. Continuous Improvement:
a. Continuously monitor and evaluate patient confidentiality and
privacy practices within your healthcare setting.
b. Seek feedback from colleagues and patients to identify areas for
improvement and implement strategies to address any
deficiencies.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7923912/
https://www.atrainceu.com/content/3-principles-healthcare-
ethics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519540/
Self- Check 4.2-3

1. What is the primary purpose of patient confidentiality and privacy

requirements in healthcare?
A) To increase healthcare costs
B) To protect patient information and maintain trust
C) To facilitate unauthorized access to patient records
D) To limit patient access to healthcare services
2. Which of the following laws sets standards for the protection of

sensitive patient health information in the United States?
A) HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
B) FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)
C) OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act)
D) FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act)
3. What is the duty of healthcare professionals regarding patient

confidentiality?
A) Share patient information freely with anyone who requests it
B) Ignore patient preferences regarding the sharing of their health
information
C) Maintain the confidentiality of patient information acquired
during treatment
D) Store patient records in public areas for easy access
4. Which of the following is an example of safeguarding patient

information from unauthorized access or disclosure?
A) Leaving patient records unattended in a public area
B) Using secure communication methods for transmitting patient
information
C) Sharing patient information with friends and family members
D) Discussing patient cases in public areas where conversations
may be overheard
5. What should healthcare professionals obtain before sharing patient

information with third parties?
A) Written authorization from the healthcare organization
B) Approval from the patient's insurance company
C) Informed consent from the patient
D) Permission from the patient's employer
ANSWER KEY 4.2-4
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
Evidence Plan
Competency HEALTH CARE SERVICE NC II

standard:
Unit of ASSIST IN TRANSPORTING PATIENTS
competency:
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
Direct Demonstration
[tick the column]
Oral interview
Written Test
The evidence must show that the trainee…
LO1: PREPARE PATIENT FOR TRANSPORT
 Confirms transportation requirements with
X X
appropriate health care personnel*
 transports procedures are explained to
X X
patient as required*
 prepares safe and efficient transport of the
X X
patient as per instructions
 readies and checks equipment for
transportation according to requirements and
X X
to ensure that it is clean, complete and
functional*
LO2: ASSIST IN PATIENT TRANSPORT
 transports patient to designated location in
X X
accordance with established procedures*
 adjusts equipment to ensure patient comfort
X X
and safety with minimal risk to self*
 brings patient to designated location and
X X
reported to appropriate health care personnel
LO3: PERFORM POST TRANSPORT
PROCEDURE
 cleans equipment in accordance with
X X
established procedures
 returns equipment according to standard
X X X
operating procedures
 reports equipment working condition
immediately in accordance with established X X
procedures*
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency
Prepared By: Date:
Checked By: Date:
DEMONSTRATION CHECKLIST
Trainee’s Name:
Trainer’s Name: Jharred Ruith Ventura
Qualification: HEALTH CARE SERVICES) NC II
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration
Given the equipment and material you should be able to perform proper procedure of
different techniques of transporting patient
Materials and equipment

Sprints, bandages, Gailt belt, surgical gloves, mask, hand sanitizer, bed, stretcher,
transfer board
 to show if evidence is
OBSERVATION
demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, did the trainee: Yes No N/A
 Confirm transportation requirements with
  
appropriate health care personnel*
 transports procedures are explained to patient as
  
required*
 prepares safe and efficient transport of the patient
  
as per instructions
 ready and checks equipment for transportation
according to requirements and to ensure that it is
clean, complete and functional*
 transport patient to designated location in
accordance with established procedures*
 adjust equipment to ensure patient comfort and
safety with minimal risk to self*
 bring patient to designated location and reported
  
to appropriate health care personnel
 clean equipment in accordance with established
procedures
 return equipment according to standard operating
  
procedures
 report equipment working condition immediately
  
in accordance with established procedures*
The trainee’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory

TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
Rememberi Understand
Objectives/Content Applying # of items/
ng ing
area/Topics (64%) % of test
(6%) (30%)
Proper Procedure of 8
Transporting patient to 5 13/42.30%
designated location (#8-15)
(#3-7)
Procedures of securing a 2 5
7/25%
patient (#1-2) (#16-20)
Safety working practices, 6

including manual handling 6/17.30%
techniques (#21-26)
Patient confidentiality and 4

4/11.53%
privacy requirement (#27-30)
TOTAL 2 9 19 30
Written Test
Test 1 :( MULTIPLE CHOICE)
Directions: Encircle the correct answer of the question given below.
1. Which of the following is a primary goal of securing a patient during

transportation?
A) Maximizing patient discomfort
B) Minimizing the risk of injury
D) Increasing patient anxiety
2. What is an appropriate technique for securing a patient during

transportation?
A) Allowing the patient to move freely
B) Tightening restraints excessively
C) Adjusting securing procedures based on individual patient
needs D) Disregarding patient comfort
3. What is the primary goal of following proper procedures for

transporting a patient to a designated location?
A) Maximizing patient discomfort
B) Minimizing the risk of injury
D) Rushing through the process
4. Why is it important to adjust equipment to ensure patient comfort and

safety during transportation?
A) To increase patient discomfort
B) To minimize the risk of injury and ensure patient comfort
C) To disregard patient preferences
D) To rush through the process
5. What should be prioritized when transporting a patient to a

designated location?
A) Patient discomfort
B) Patient safety and comfort
C) Ignoring patient feedback
6. Which of the following is NOT a component of proper manual handling
techniques when transporting a patient?
A) Maintaining proper alignment and support
B) Using excessive force
C) Ensuring patient comfort
D) Communicating effectively with the patient
7. What is the importance of proper communication with the patient

during the transporting process?
A) To increase patient anxiety
B) To ensure patient cooperation and comfort
8. What is the first step in the proper procedure for transporting a

patient to a designated location? A) Rushing through the process
B) Assessing the patient's condition and mobility level
D) Maximizing patient discomfort
9. When adjusting equipment for patient transportation, what should be

prioritized?
10. How does teamwork contribute to the proper transportation of a

patient?
A) It increases patient discomfort
B) It ensures patient safety and efficient transfer
C) It disregards patient preferences
D) It rushes through the process
11. What is the significance of maintaining proper alignment and

support during patient transportation?
A) To increase patient discomfort
B) To minimize the risk of injury and ensure patient comfort
12. Which of the following is NOT a component of proper manual
handling techniques when transporting a patient?
A) Using excessive force
B) Maintaining proper alignment and support
D) Communicating effectively with the patient
13. How does adjusting transportation procedures based on

individual patient needs contribute to patient safety?
A) It increases patient discomfort
B) It ensures patient comfort and minimizes risk
C) It disregards patient preferences
D) It rushes through the process
14. What should healthcare professionals prioritize when

transporting a patient to a designated location?
15. Why is proper communication with the patient essential during

the transportation process?
A) To increase patient anxiety
B) To ensure patient cooperation and comfort
16. When securing a patient during transportation, what should be

done to ensure proper alignment and support?
A) Ignore patient positioning
B) Use excessive force
C) Maintain proper alignment and support
D) Rush through the process
17. Which of the following is an appropriate technique for securing
a patient to minimize movement during transportation?
A) Allowing the patient to move freely
B) Tightening restraints excessively
C) Adjusting securing procedures based on individual patient
needs
D) Ignoring patient comfort
18. What is the role of teamwork when securing a patient during

transportation?
A) Increase patient discomfort
B) Ensure patient safety and minimize risk
C) Disregard patient preferences
19. How should healthcare professionals prioritize patient comfort

during the securing process?
A) Disregard patient comfort
B) Use excessive force
C) Tailor procedures to meet individual needs
20. What is the purpose of using appropriate equipment when

securing a patient?
A) Increase patient discomfort
B) Ensure patient safety and minimize risk
C) Disregard patient preferences
21. What is the first step in applying safe working practices,
including manual handling techniques?
A) Ignoring safety protocols
B) Rushing through tasks
C) Following established safety protocols and procedures
D) Disregarding ergonomic principles
22. When implementing manual handling techniques, what should

be prioritized?
A) Increasing the risk of workplace injuries
B) Disregarding ergonomic principles
C) Minimizing the risk of workplace injuries
D) Rushing through tasks
23. How does teamwork contribute to the application of safe

working practices?
A) It increases the risk of workplace injuries
B) It ensures a safe and collaborative work environment
C) It disregards safety protocols
D) It rushes through tasks
24. What is the significance of maintaining proper posture and body
mechanics during manual handling tasks?
A) To increase the risk of workplace injuries
B) To minimize the risk of workplace injuries and promote
musculoskeletal health
C) To disregard safety protocols
D) To rush through tasks
25. Which of the following is NOT a component of safe manual

handling techniques?
A) Using excessive force
B) Maintaining proper alignment and support
D) Communicating effectively with colleagues
26. Why is it important to adapt manual handling techniques based

on individual needs?
A) To increase the risk of workplace injuries
B) To ensure employee safety and minimize risk
C) To disregard ergonomic principles
D) To rush through tasks
27. What is the primary purpose of patient confidentiality and

privacy requirements in healthcare?
A) To increase healthcare costs
B) To protect patient information and maintain trust
C) To facilitate unauthorized access to patient records
D) To limit patient access to healthcare services
28. Which of the following laws sets standards for the protection of
sensitive patient health information in the United States?
A) HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
B) FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)
C) OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act)
D) FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act)
29. What is the duty of healthcare professionals regarding patient

confidentiality?
A) Share patient information freely with anyone who requests it
B) Ignore patient preferences regarding the sharing of their health
information
C) Maintain the confidentiality of patient information acquired
during treatment
D) Store patient records in public areas for easy access
30. Which of the following is an example of safeguarding patient
information from unauthorized access or disclosure?
A) Leaving patient records unattended in a public area
B) Using secure communication methods for transmitting patient
information
C) Sharing patient information with friends and family members
D) Discussing patient cases in public areas where conversations may
be overheard
QUESTIONING TOOL
Satisfactory
Questions to probe the trainee’s underpinning knowledge
response
Extension/Reflection Questions Yes No
1. Why is it important to Assist patient in transport?
Answer: Assisting patients in transport helps ensure their

 
comfort and preserves their dignity. Patients may feel vulnerable
or anxious during transportation, and having someone to assist
them can alleviate stress and promote a sense of security.
2. How do you Assist in transporting a patient?
Answer: One way to assist in transporting a patient is by

ensuring proper communication with the patient to explain the  
process, addressing any concerns or preferences they may have,
and providing physical assistance as needed to ensure safe and
comfortable transfer to the designated location.
3. What are the requirements in transporting a patient?
Answer: One requirement in transporting a patient is to confirm  

the patient's medical stability for transport, ensuring they are
medically fit and safe to be moved to the designated location
4. Why do you need to follow procedures and instructions
before transporting a patient?
Answer Following procedures and instructions before  

transporting a patient is essential to ensure the safety and well-
being of the patient, as well as the healthcare providers involved
in the transport.
Safety Questions
5. Why is it important to assess the patient's condition before  
transporting them?
Answer: It's crucial to assess the patient's condition to ensure

they are medically stable for transport and to identify any
specific needs or precautions required during the transfer
process.
6. What safety measures should be taken to prevent falls or  
injuries during patient transport?
Answer: Safety measures include using appropriate equipment

such as transfer belts or stretchers, ensuring proper body
mechanics, maintaining clear pathways, and providing adequate
assistance and support to the patient.
7. How should healthcare providers communicate with the  
patient during transport to ensure their safety and comfort?
Answer: Healthcare providers should communicate clearly and

respectfully with the patient, explaining the transport process,
addressing any concerns or questions, and providing
reassurance and support throughout the transfer.
8. What steps should be taken to secure equipment and ensure  
it is safe and functional before transporting a patient?
Answer: Steps include inspecting equipment for damage or

defects, ensuring it is clean and properly assembled, and
verifying that all safety features are functional and in place
before use.
Contingency Questions
9. What will you do if the wheelchair is not working?  
Answer: if the wheelchair is not working, I would immediately

notify the appropriate personnel or maintenance staff to address
the issue and arrange for an alternative method of
transportation for the patient.
10. How will you secure patient while in a wheelchair?  
Answer: to secure a patient in a wheelchair, I would ensure that

the wheelchair brakes are engaged, utilize any available safety
belts or straps to secure the patient's torso and legs, and adjust
the footrests for additional stability and comfort as needed.
11. What will you do if patient can not fit in wheelchair?  
Answer: If a patient cannot fit in a wheelchair due to size or

mobility issues, I would explore alternative transportation
options such as using a stretcher, specialized medical transport
equipment, or arranging for assistance from additional
healthcare providers to ensure safe and comfortable transfer to
the designated location.
12. What will you do if the patient feels down while  
transporting?
Answer: If a patient feels unwell or experiences a decline in their

condition while being transported, I would immediately stop the
transport, assess the patient's condition, and provide
appropriate medical assistance or interventions as necessary.
This may include administering first aid, contacting additional
healthcare personnel for assistance, or arranging for emergency
medical attention depending on the severity of the situation.
Job Role/Environment Questions  
13. How will you assist patient with courtesy?  
Answer: I will assist the patient with courtesy by approaching

them respectfully, addressing them by their preferred name,
listening attentively to their needs and concerns, and providing
assistance in a manner that preserves their dignity and
autonomy.
14. How will you secure patients’ privacy while assisting in  
transport?
Answer: to secure patients' privacy while assisting in transport,

I will ensure that conversations about their medical condition or
personal information are conducted discreetly and in private
settings whenever possible. I will also use appropriate measures
to protect patient confidentiality, such as covering them with a
blanket or curtain during transfers and avoiding discussions
about their medical history or treatment in public areas.
Additionally, I will adhere to HIPAA regulations and
organizational policies regarding the handling and sharing of
patient information to maintain their privacy and confidentiality
at all times.
15. What is your main role as patient transporter?  
Answer: As a patient transporter, my main role is to safely and

efficiently transport patients to their designated locations while
ensuring their comfort, dignity, and well-being throughout the
process.
16. how will you maintain cleanliness in transporting  
equipment’s?
Answer: To maintain cleanliness in transporting equipment, I

will regularly inspect and clean the equipment according to
established protocols, ensuring that surfaces are wiped down
with disinfectant and any soiled or contaminated items are
promptly replaced or sanitized. Additionally, I will store the
equipment in designated clean areas and use protective covers
or barriers as needed to prevent contamination during
transport.
Rules and Regulations  
16. What are some key regulations healthcare providers must  
adhere to when transporting patients?
Answer: Healthcare providers must comply with regulations
such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act) to protect patient confidentiality and privacy during
transport.
17. How can healthcare providers ensure the safe handling and  
transfer of patients during transport?
Answer: Healthcare providers can ensure safety by following
proper manual handling techniques, using appropriate
equipment, and adhering to established protocols for patient
transport.
18. What are the consequences of disregarding safety  
regulations during patient transport?
Answer: Disregarding safety regulations can lead to patient
injuries, breaches of confidentiality, legal liabilities, and
compromised quality of care, impacting both patients and
healthcare providers.
19. How can healthcare providers ensure compliance with  
transportation regulations while maintaining patient comfort
and dignity?
Answer: Healthcare providers can achieve compliance by
balancing regulatory requirements with patient-centered care
approaches, such as communicating openly with patients,
respecting their preferences, and addressing their needs during
transport.
20. What steps should be taken to maintain cleanliness and  
infection control when transporting patients?
Answer: Steps include regularly cleaning and disinfecting
transport equipment, using protective barriers when necessary,
and following proper hand hygiene protocols to prevent the
spread of infections.
The trainee’s underpinning  Satisfactory  Not
knowledge was: Satisfactory
Performance Test
Specific Instruction for the Trainee:
Qualification HEALTH CARE SERVICES) NC- II
Unit of Competency ASSIST IN TRANSPORTING

PATIENTS
Time Allotted 5 HOURS
General Instruction:
Given the equipment and material you should be able to perform proper procedure of
different techniques of transporting patient
Specific Instruction:
1. Prepare the materials needed
2. Perform proper transport of patient from bed to wheelchair
3. Perform proper of log-rolling in transporting a patient
4. Perform proper manual handling technique in transporting
patient
5. Record the activity
Assessment Method: Demonstration
The trainee’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 

QUESTIONING TOOL
Satisfactory
Questions to probe the trainee’s underpinning knowledge
response
Extension/Reflection Questions Yes No
1. Reflect on a specific instance where you successfully
implemented physical control measures in pest management.
What factors contributed to the success, and what challenges
did you overcome?
Answer: The success in implementing physical control
measures, such as installing row covers, was largely attributed 
to meticulous planning. Understanding the life cycles of pests, 
proper timing of installation, and consistent monitoring were
key factors. Challenges included adapting to unexpected
weather changes, but these were mitigated through flexible
scheduling and quick adjustments.
2. In your experience with using traps for pest control in

vegetable farming, can you share a situation where the
effectiveness of the traps surprised you? How did this influence
your future pest management strategies?
Answer: I was pleasantly surprised by the efficacy of pheromone
traps in reducing the population of specific pests. This 

experience prompted me to explore more targeted and
environmentally friendly approaches in pest management. It
reinforced the importance of regularly assessing and updating
strategies based on observed outcomes.
3 Share a situation where the use of physical barriers in pest

management did not yield the expected results. What lessons
did you learn from this, and how did it shape your future
approach to pest control?
Answer: The ineffective use of netting led me to realize the
significance of understanding the specific pests' behaviors and 
the importance of proper installation. This experience 
underscored the need for continuous learning and reinforced
the idea that a one-size-fits-all approach may not be suitable for
all pests.
4. Describe a scenario where you had to modify physical
control measures due to unexpected environmental conditions.
How did this experience enhance your adaptability in pest
management practices?
Answer: During an unseasonal rain spell, I had to adjust the
placement of traps to account for changes in pest activity. This 

experience emphasized the importance of adaptability in pest
management. It taught me to closely monitor weather patterns
and proactively modify control measures to maintain their
effectiveness.
Safety Questions
5. When using manual methods for physically controlling pests  
in vegetable farming, what safety precautions should a worker
take to protect themselves?
Answer: Workers should wear appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) such as gloves, long sleeves, and closed-toe
shoes to minimize direct contact with plants and potential
irritants. Additionally, they should be trained on proper lifting
techniques to avoid strains and injuries.
6: In the application of physical barriers like row covers to  

prevent pests, what safety measures should be considered to
avoid unintended harm to the environment?
Answer: Farmers should ensure that the materials used for row
covers are environmentally friendly and do not release harmful
substances into the soil or air. Regularly inspecting and
replacing damaged covers can prevent environmental
contamination.
7. When implementing traps and barriers, what precautions  
should be taken to prevent harm to non-target organisms such
as beneficial insects?
Answer: To avoid unintended harm, farmers should strategically
place traps away from areas with high beneficial insect activity.
Regular monitoring of traps will allow for the timely removal of
captured pests and reduce the risk of impacting beneficial
insect populations.
8. When using physical methods like handpicking to control  

pests, how can workers ensure their safety, especially when
dealing with potentially venomous pests?
Answer: Workers should be trained to identify potentially
harmful pests and should wear appropriate protective gear,
such as gloves, to minimize the risk of bites or stings.
Emergency procedures for dealing with bites or stings should be
communicated and readily available.
Contingency Questions
1. What should a farmer do if they notice an unexpected  
increase in pest populations despite implementing physical
control measures such as crop rotation?
Answer: In such a scenario, the farmer should consider
adjusting the crop rotation schedule by introducing a wider
variety of plants or altering the planting sequence. This can
disrupt the life cycles of pests and reduce their population.
2. Suppose a vegetable farm experiences heavy rainfall, leading  
to waterlogging in the fields. How should the farmer adapt
physical control measures to address the increased risk of
soil-borne pests?
Answer: To mitigate the risk of soil-borne pests during
waterlogging, the farmer should focus on improving soil
drainage and adopting raised bed planting techniques. These
measures help reduce excessive moisture and prevent the
proliferation of soil-borne pests.
3. If a farmer observes signs of pest infestation on specific
 
vegetables despite using physical barriers, what immediate
action should be taken?
Answer: In the case of localized pest infestation despite physical
barriers, the farmer should consider implementing targeted
manual removal of pests or introducing natural predators to
address the issue without resorting to chemical control
methods.
4. In the event of unexpected weather conditions, such as a  
sudden heatwave, how can a farmer adapt physical control
measures to prevent heat stress on vegetables and maintain
pest management effectiveness?
Answer: In the event of unexpected weather conditions, such as
a sudden heatwave, how can a farmer adapt physical control
measures to prevent heat stress on vegetables and maintain
pest management effectiveness?
Job Role/Environment Questions

13. As a Supervisor overseeing pest management activities in a  
diversified vegetable and fruit farm, how would you ensure that
the implementation of physical control measures is
standardized across different crops?
Answer: Standardization is crucial for effective pest
management. I would establish clear protocols for the
installation and maintenance of physical barriers and traps,
ensuring that all team members are trained on these
procedures. Regular meetings and field inspections would be
conducted to address any challenges and ensure consistent
application of physical control measures across various crops.
14. Imagine working in a community-supported agriculture  

(CSA) setting where there is direct consumer involvement. How
would you communicate and educate the community about the
use of physical control measures in pest management,
considering their interest in sustainable farming practices?
Answer: In a CSA setting, communication is key. I would
engage with the community through newsletters, workshops,
and on-farm events to explain the importance of physical
control measures in sustainable pest management.
Demonstrating the use of traps, barriers, and other physical
methods during farm tours would help build understanding and
support for these practices among community members.
15. Suppose you are responsible for pest management in an  

organic vegetable garden. How would you prioritize and
implement physical control measures while adhering to organic
farming principles?
Answer: In an organic setting, my focus would be on using
sustainable physical control measures. This might include the
introduction of beneficial insects, implementing companion
planting strategies, and deploying physical barriers like nets or
covers. Emphasizing the use of organic-approved materials for
barriers and ensuring that interventions align with organic
certification standards would be a priority.
16. As a Pest Management Technician in a large-scale vegetable  
farm, describe how you would integrate physical control
measures into your daily tasks.
Answer: In my role as a Pest Management Technician, I would
begin by conducting regular field inspections to identify pest
pressures. Based on the observations, I would strategically
implement physical control measures such as installing row
covers or deploying traps in areas where pest activity is high.
Additionally, I would collaborate with the farm team to ensure
timely maintenance of physical barriers and provide training on
the proper use of traps to optimize their effectiveness.
Rules and Regulations

17. In accordance with international trade standards for  
organic produce, how does the use of physical barriers in pest
management align with the principles of organic farming?
Answer: International organic standards emphasize the use of
physical barriers as a preferred method for pest control. This
aligns with the principles of organic farming, which prioritize
sustainable and non-chemical approaches. Farmers must
adhere to these standards to certify their produce as organic
and meet the expectations of international markets.
18. equipment is mandated for workers engaged in manual  
pest control activities, such as handpicking, and how often
should safety training be provided?
Answer: State agricultural safety regulations typically mandate
the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves
and provide guidelines on its proper usage during manual pest
control activities. Safety training should be conducted regularly,
at least annually, to ensure workers are aware of the risks and
how to mitigate them effectively.
19. According to local agricultural regulations, what are the  
permissible materials for constructing physical barriers in pest
management, and how should they be disposed of at the end of
their lifespan?
Answer: Local regulations typically specify approved materials
for physical barriers, emphasizing environmentally friendly
options. Disposal guidelines may include recycling or proper
disposal methods to prevent environmental harm. Compliance
with these regulations ensures sustainable and responsible pest
management practices.
20. According to state agricultural safety regulations, what  
safety equipment is mandated for workers engaged in manual
pest control activities, such as handpicking, and how often
should safety training be provided?
Answer: State agricultural safety regulations typically mandate
the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves
and provide guidelines on its proper usage during manual pest
control activities. Safety training should be conducted regularly,
at least annually, to ensure workers are aware of the risks and
how to mitigate them effectively.
The trainee’s underpinning  Satisfact  Not

knowledge was: ory Satisfactory
Templates for Inventory of Training Resources
Resources for presenting instruction
 Print Resources As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
CBLM 10 10
TR 15 15
CBC 20 20
 Non Print Resources As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
CD/DVD (for powerpoint and 15 15
video presentation)
Resources for Skills practice of Competency #1

______________________________
 Supplies and As per TR As per Remarks
Materials Inventory
First Aid 1 kit 1 kit
Materials/Medicines
Gloves 25 pairs 25 pairs
Mask 25 pcs 25 pcs
Mulching Materials 5 sacks 5 sacks
Pail 5 5
Hair Nets 25 pcs 25 pcs
Bond Paper 5 rims 5 rims
Rubber Boots 25 pairs 25 pairs
Fertilizer Half sack Half sack
 Tools As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Spade 10 pcs 10 pcs
Sprinklers 15 pcs 15 pcs
Trowel 25 pcs 25 pcs
Pick mattock 3 pcs 3 pcs
Picking knife 5 pcs 5 pcs
Rake 5 pcs 5 pcs
Wheel Barrow 2 pcs 2 pcs
Shovel 10 pcs 10 pcs
Personal Protection 5 sets 5 sets
Equipment
Light Hoe 5 pcs 5 pcs
Cutting Tools 5 sets 5 sets
Hats 25 pcs 25 pcs
Digging Tools 5 sets 5 sets
Knap Sack Sprayer 5 pcs 5 pcs
 Equipment As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Power Sprayer 1 pc 1 pc
Push Spreader 1 pc 1 pc
Note: In the remarks section, remarks may include for repair, for
replenishment, for reproduction, for maintenance etc.
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COMP

HEALTH CARE SERVICES NC II

You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Prepare and maintain Prepare and maintain HCS323314

Collect and maintain Collect and maintain

Assist in patient Assist in patient HCS323316

Assist in Assist in transporting HCS323317

Assist in bio- Assist in bio-

Handle waste in a Handle waste in a

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : ASSIST IN TRANSPORTING

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the skills,

NOMINAL DURATION : 200 hour

ASSIST IN CLIENT/PATIENT TRANSPORT

1. Proper Procedure of Transporting patient to designated location

2. Procedures of securing a patient

3. Safety working practices, including manual handling techniques

4. Patient confidentiality and privacy requirement

1. Patient is transported to designated location according to

The trainees must be provided with the following:

 Access to relevant equipment for transporting patients

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read information sheet4.2-1:

Perform Task Sheet 4.2-2

Evaluate the performance using the

Observe Trainers’ demonstration on After you accomplish at the activity

Compare answer to answer key 4.2-4

Listen and participate in discussion

Answer oral questions

2. Apply critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential risks

PATIENT TRANSFER FROM BED TO STRETCHER

5. Position stretcher beside the

6. Count to three and, using a rocking

To demonstrate proficiency in following established protocols for

1. Training and Education: Ensure that you have received proper

2. Familiarization with Protocols: Familiarize yourself with the specific

3. Equipment Preparation: Prior to patient transport, ensure that all

4. Patient Comfort and Safety: When transporting patients, prioritize

5. Communication: Maintain clear and effective communication with

7. Documentation: Document the transport process according to the

By consistently following these steps and demonstrating proficiency in

To apply critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential

1. Risk Assessment: Continuously assess the environment and

2. Anticipate Challenges: Use critical thinking to anticipate potential

3. Proactive Problem-Solving: Develop strategies to address potential

5. Effective Communication: Utilize clear and concise communication

6. Patient-Centered Focus: Maintain a patient-centered approach

7. Continuous Evaluation: Reflect on the transportation process after

By applying critical thinking skills to assess and mitigate potential risks

Multiple-choice test: Read each question-and-answer choice

1. Which of the following is NOT a step in preparing equipment for

2. What is the primary objective when adjusting equipment for patient

3. Which of the following is a critical aspect of adhering to designated

4. What should healthcare professionals do if they identify an equipment

5. Which of the following is a key component of effectively

Supplies/Materials :, Sprints, bandages, Gailt belt, surgical gloves, mask, hand

2. Assess Patient as a 1-a person assist?

3. Perform hand hygiene. Explain what will happen during the

Techniques and equipment for securing patients during transportation