經濟學（一）

Chapter 3 題庫
Table 3-5
Assume that England and Spain can switch between producing cheese and producing bread at a
constant rate.
Labor Hours Needed Number of Units
to Make 1 Unit of Produced in 40 Hours
Cheese Bread Cheese Bread
England 1 4 40 10
Spain 4 8 10 5
1. Refer to Table 3-5. Assume that England and Spain each has 40 labor hours
available. If each country divides its time equally between the production of
cheese and bread, then total production is
a. 20 units of cheese and 5 units of bread.
b. 25 units of cheese and 7.5 units of bread.
c. 40 units of cheese and 10 units of bread.
d. 50 units of cheese and 15 units of bread.
ANS: B
2. Refer to Table 3-5. Which of the following combinations of cheese and bread
could Spain produce in 40 hours?
a. 2.25 units of cheese and 4 units of bread.
b. 5.5 units of cheese and 3 units of bread.
c. 7 units of cheese and 1.5 units of bread.
d. 10 units of cheese and 5 units of bread.
ANS: C

3. Refer to Table 3-5. Which of the following combinations of cheese and bread
could England not produce in 40 hours?
a. 5 units of cheese and 9 units of bread.
b. 10 units of cheese and 7.5 units of bread.
c. 20 units of cheese and 5 units of bread.
d. 30 units of cheese and 2.5 units of bread.
ANS: A

4. Refer to Table 3-5. We could use the information in the table to draw a production
possibilities frontier for England and a second production possibilities frontier for
Spain. If we were to do this, measuring cheese along the horizontal axis, then
a. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be -4 and the slope
of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be -2.
b. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.25 and the
slope of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.5.
c. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.25 and the

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 slope of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.5.
d. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be 4 and the slope
of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be 2.
ANS: B

5. Refer to Table 3-5. We could use the information in the table to draw a production
possibilities frontier for England and a second production possibilities frontier for
Spain. If we were to do this, measuring bread along the horizontal axis, then
a. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be -4 and the
slope of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be -2.
b. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.25 and the
slope of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.5.
c. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.25 and the
slope of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.5.
d. the slope of England’s production possibilities frontier would be 4 and the slope
of Spain’s production possibilities frontier would be 2.
ANS: A
Figure 3-9
Uzbekistan’s Production Possibilities Azerbaijan’s Production Possibilities Frontier
Frontier
nails nails
100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 bolts 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 bolts

6. Refer to Figure 3-9. If Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan each divides its time equally
between making bolts and making nails, then total production is
a. 15 bolts and 40 nails.
b. 25 bolts and 70 nails.
c. 30 bolts and 80 nails.
d. 50 bolts and 140 nails.
ANS: B

7. Refer to Figure 3-9. If the production possibilities frontiers shown are each for
two days of pro-duction, then which of the following combinations of bolts and
nails could Uzbekistan and Azerbai-jan together make in a given 2-day production
period?

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 a. 12 bolts and 120 nails
b. 24 bolts and 96 nails
c. 38 bolts and 50 nails
d. 44 bolts and 24 nails
ANS: D

8. Refer to Figure 3-9. If the production possibilities frontiers shown are each for two
days of pro-duction, then which of the following combinations of bolts and nails
could Uzbekistan and Azerbai-jan together not make in a given 2-day production
period?
a. 9 bolts and 122 nails
b. 21 bolts and 98 nails
c. 36 bolts and 56 nails
d. 47 bolts and 18 nails
ANS: D

9. Assume for the United States that the opportunity cost of each airplane is 100 cars.
Which of these pairs of points could be on the United States' production possibilities
frontier?
a. (200 airplanes, 5,000 cars) and (150 airplanes, 4,000 cars)
b. (200 airplanes, 10,000 cars) and (150 airplanes, 20,000 cars)
c. (300 airplanes, 15,000 cars) and (200 airplanes, 25,000 cars)
d. (300 airplanes, 25,000 cars) and (200 airplanes, 40,000 cars)
ANS: C

10. Suppose that a worker in Cornland can grow either 40 bushels of corn or 10 bushels
of oats per year, and a worker in Oatland can grow either 20 bushels of corn or 5
bushels of oats per year. There are 20 workers in Cornland and 20 workers in
Oatland. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Both countries could gain from trade with each other.
b. Neither country could gain from trade with each other because Cornland has an
absolute advantage in both goods.
c. Neither country could gain from trade with each other because neither one has a
comparative advantage.
d. Oatland could gain from trade between the two countries, but Cornland
definitively would lose.
ANS: C

11. Suppose that a worker in Radioland can produce either 4 radios or 1 television per
year and a worker in Teeveeland can produce either 2 radios or 5 televisions per
year. Each nation has 100 workers, and each country specializes according to the
principle of comparative advantage. If Radioland trades 100 televisions to

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 Teeveeland in exchange for 100 radios each year, then each country's max-imum
consumption of new radios and televisions per year will be
a. higher than it would be in the absence of trade because of the gains from trade.
b. the same as it would be in the absence of trade.
c. less than it would be in the absence of trade because neither country is
specializing in the product in which it has a comparative advantage.
d. less than it would be in the absence of trade because Teeveeland has an absolute
advantage in both goods and so it cannot benefit by trading with Radioland.
ANS: C

12. Suppose that a worker in Radioland can produce either 4 radios or 1 television per
year, and a worker in Teeveeland can produce either 2 radios or 4 televisions per
year. Each nation has 100 workers. Also suppose that each country completely
specializes in producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage. If
Radioland trades 100 radios to Teeveeland in exchange for 100 televisions each
year, then each country's maximum consumption of new radios and televisions per
year will be
a. 100 radios, 300 televisions in Radioland and 300 radios, 100 televisions in
Teeveeland.
b. 300 radios, 100 televisions in Radioland and 100 radios, 300 televisions in
Teeveeland.
c. 200 radios, 100 televisions in Radioland and 100 radios, 200 televisions in
Teeveeland.
d. 300 radios, 100 televisions in Radioland and 100 radios, 400 televisions in
Teeveeland.
ANS: B

13. Suppose that a worker in Freedonia can produce either 6 units of corn or 2 units of
wheat per year, and a worker in Sylvania can produce either 2 units of corn or 6
units of wheat per year. Each nation has 10 workers. Without trade, Freedonia
produces and consumes 30 units of corn and 10 units of wheat per year. Sylvania
produces and consumes 10 units of corn and 30 units of wheat. Suppose that trade
is then initiated between the two countries, and Freedonia sends 30 units of corn to
Sylva-nia in exchange for 30 units of wheat. Freedonia will now be able to
consume a maximum of
a. 30 units of corn and 30 units of wheat.
b. 40 units of corn and 30 units of wheat.
c. 40 units of corn and 20 units of wheat.
d. 10 units of corn and 40 units of wheat.
ANS: A

Table 3-7
Assume that Japan and Korea can switch between producing cars and producing
airplanes at a constant rate.

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 Hours Needed Quantity Produced
to Make 1 in 2400 Hours
Car Airplane Cars Airplanes
Japan 30 150 80 16
Korea 50 150 48 16
14. Refer to Table 3-7. Japan’s opportunity cost of one airplane is
a. 1/5 car and Korea’s opportunity cost of one airplane is 1/3 car.
b. 1/5 car and Korea’s opportunity cost of one airplane is 3 cars.
c. 5 cars and Korea’s opportunity cost of one airplane is 1/3 car.
d. 5 cars and Korea’s opportunity cost of one airplane is 3 cars.
ANS: D

15. Refer to Table 3-7. Japan’s opportunity cost of one car is

a. 1/5 airplane and Korea’s opportunity cost of one car is 1/3 airplane.
b. 1/5 airplane and Korea’s opportunity cost of one car is 3 airplanes.
c. 5 airplanes and Korea’s opportunity cost of one car is 1/3 airplane.
d. 5 airplanes and Korea’s opportunity cost of one car is 3 airplanes.
ANS: A

16. Refer to Table 3-7. Suppose Japan decides to increase its production of cars by
45. What is the opportunity cost of this decision?
a. 9 airplanes
b. 15 airplanes
c. 135 airplanes
d. 225 airplanes
ANS: A

17. Refer to Table 3-7. Suppose Korea decides to increase its production of cars by
18.What is the opportunity cost of this decision?
a. 3 airplanes
b. 6 airplanes
c. 16 airplanes
d. 150 airplanes
ANS: B

18. Refer to Table 3-7. Japan has an absolute advantage in the production of
a. cars and a comparative advantage in the production of cars.
b. cars and a comparative advantage in the production of airplanes.
c. neither good and a comparative advantage in the production of cars.
d. neither good and a comparative advantage in the production of airplanes.
ANS: A

19. Refer to Table 3-7. Korea has an absolute advantage in the production of

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 a. cars and a comparative advantage in the production of cars.
b. cars and a comparative advantage in the production of airplanes.
c. neither good and a comparative advantage in the production of cars.
d. neither good and a comparative advantage in the production of airplanes.
ANS: D

20. Refer to Table 3-7. Assume that Japan and Korea each has 2400 hours available.
Originally, each country divided its time equally between the production of cars
and airplanes. Now, each country spends all its time producing the good in which
it has a comparative advantage. As a result, the total output of cars increased by
a. 16.
b. 40.
c. 64.
d. 80.
ANS: A

21. Refer to Table 3-7. Japan and Korea would not be able to gain from trade if
Korea's opportunity cost of one car changed to
a. 1/5 airplane.
b. 1/3 airplane.
c. 3 airplanes.
d. 5 airplanes.
ANS: A

22. Refer to Table 3-7. Assume that Japan and Korea each has 2400 hours available.
If each country spends all its time producing the good in which it has a comparative
advantage and trade takes place at a price of 12 cars for 6 airplanes, then
a. Japan and Korea will both gain from this trade.
b. Japan will gain from this trade, but Korea will not.
c. Korea will gain from this trade, but Japan will not.
d. neither Japan nor Korea will gain from this trade.
ANS: B

23. Refer to Table 3-7. Without trade, Japan produced and consumed 50 cars and 6
airplanes and Ko-rea produced and consumed 27 cars and 7 airplanes. Then, each
country agreed to specialize in the production of the good in which it has a
comparative advantage and trade 28 cars for 8 airplanes. As a result, Japan gained
a. 0 cars and 2 airplanes and Korea gained 1 car and 1 airplane.
b. 2 cars and 2 airplanes and Korea gained 1 car and 1 airplane.
c. 28 cars and 8 airplanes and Korea gained 28 cars and 8 airplanes.
d. 52 cars and 8 airplanes and Korea gained 28 cars and 8 airplanes.
ANS: B

24. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25

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 units of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of
wheat or 5 units of fish per year. There are 10 workers in each country. Political
pressure from the fish lobby in Farmland and from the wheat lobby in Boatland has
prevented trade between the two countries on the grounds that cheap imports would
kill the fish industry in Farmland and the wheat industry in Boatland. As a result,
Boatland produces and consumes 25 units of wheat and 125 units of fish per year
while Farmland produces and consumes 125 units of wheat and 25 units of fish per
year. If the political pressure were overcome and trade were to occur, each
country would completely specialize in the product in which it has a comparative
advantage. If trade were to occur, the combined output of the two countries would
increase by
a. 25 units of wheat and 25 units of fish.
b. 50 units of wheat and 50 units of fish.
c. 75 units of wheat and 75 units of fish.
d. 100 units of wheat and 100 units of fish.
ANS: D

25. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25 units
of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5
units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs
between the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and
375 units of fish per year while Farmland produces and consumes 375 units of
wheat and 75 units of fish per year. If trade were to occur, Boatland would trade
90 units of fish to Farmland in exchange for 80 units of wheat. If Boatland now
completely specializes in fish production, how many units of fish could it now
consume along with the 80 units of imported wheat?
a. 490 units
b. 500 units
c. 610 units
d. 660 units
ANS: D

Table 3-10
Assume that Japan and Korea can switch between producing cars and producing
airplanes at a constant rate.
Hours Needed to Make 1 Quantity Produced in 2400 Hours
Car Airplane Car Airplane
Japan 30 150 80 16
Korea 50 150 48 16
26. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25 units of
fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5
units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs between
the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and 375 units

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 of fish per year while Farmland produces and consumes 375 units of wheat and 75
units of fish per year. If trade were to occur, Boatland would trade 90 units of fish to
Farmland in exchange for 80 units of wheat. If Boatland now completely specializes
in fish production, how many units of fish could it now consume along with the 80
units of imported wheat?
a. 490 units
b. 500 units
c. 610 units
d. 660 units
ANS: D

27. Refer to Table 3-10. We could use the information in the table to draw a
production possibilities frontier for Japan and a second production possibilities
frontier for Korea. If we were to do this, measuring cars along the horizontal axis,
then
a. the slope of Japan’s production possibilities frontier would be -5 and the slope
of Korea’s production possibilities frontier would be -3.
b. the slope of Japan’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.2 and the
slope of Korea’s production possibilities frontier would be -0.33.
c. the slope of Japan’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.2 and the
slope of Korea’s production possibilities frontier would be 0.33.
d. the slope of Japan’s production possibilities frontier would be 5 and the slope
of Korea’s production possibilities frontier would be 3.
ANS: B

28. If Shawn can produce donuts at a lower opportunity cost than Sue, then
a. Shawn has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts.
b. Sue has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts.
c. Shawn should not produce donuts.
d. Shawn is capable of producing more donuts than Sue in a given amount of
time.
ANS: A

29. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25 units
of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5
units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs
between the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and
375 units of fish per year while Farmland produces and consumes 375 units of
wheat and 75 units of fish per year. If trade were to occur, Boatland would trade 90
units of fish to Farmland in exchange for 80 units of wheat. If Boatland now
completely specializes in fish production, how many units of fish could it now
consume along with the 80 units of imported wheat?
a. 490 units
b. 500 units

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 c. 610 units
d. 660 units
ANS: d

30. When a country has a comparative advantage in producing a certain good,

a. the country should import that good.
b. the country should produce just enough of that good for its own consumption.
c. the country’s opportunity cost of that good is high relative to other countries’
opportunity costs of that same good.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D