UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*6145201818*

CHEMISTRY

0620/31

Paper 3 (Extended)

May/June 2011
1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.

For Examiners Use

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Total

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB11 06_0620_31/4RP
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For
Examiners
Use

The following techniques are used to separate mixtures.

A simple distillation

B fractional distillation

C evaporation

D chromatography

E filtration

F diffusion

From this list, choose the most suitable technique to separate the following.
(a) methane from a mixture of the gases, methane and ethane ..................

[1]

(b) water from aqueous magnesium sulfate ..................

[1]

(c) glycine from a mixture of the amino acids, glycine and lysine ...................

[1]

(d) iron filings from a mixture of iron filings and water ..................

[1]

(e) zinc sulfate crystals from aqueous zinc sulfate ..................

[1]

(f) hexane from a mixture of the liquids, hexane and octane ..................

[1]
[Total: 6]

Selenium and sulfur are in Group VI. They have similar properties.
(a) One of the main uses of selenium is in photoelectric cells. These cells can change light
into electrical energy.
(i) Name a process which can change light into chemical energy.
....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Name a device which can change chemical energy into electrical energy.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The electron distribution of a selenium atom is 2 + 8 + 18 + 6.
(i) Selenium forms an ionic compound with potassium. Draw a diagram which shows
the formula of this ionic compound, the charges on the ions and the arrangement of
the valency electrons around the negative ion.
Use o to represent an electron from an atom of potassium.
Use x to represent an electron from an atom of selenium.

[3]

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(ii) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule
of the covalent compound selenium chloride.
Use x to represent an electron from an atom of selenium.
Use o to represent an electron from an atom of chlorine.

For
Examiners
Use

[3]
(iii) Predict two differences in the physical properties of these two compounds.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) The selenide ion reacts with water.
Se2 + H2O HSe + OH
What type of reagent is the selenide ion in this reaction? Give a reason for your choice.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 13]

Iron from the blast furnace is impure. It contains about 4 % carbon and 0.5 % silicon. Most
of this impure iron is used to make mild steel, an alloy of iron containing less then 0.25 %
carbon.
(a) A jet of oxygen is blown through the molten iron in the presence of a base, usually
calcium oxide. Explain how the percentage of carbon is reduced and how the silicon is
removed.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]

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For
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(b) (i) Why are steel alloys used in preference to iron?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State a use of the following alloys.
mild steel ...................................................................................................................
stainless steel ...................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Both iron and steel have typical metallic structures - a lattice of positive ions and a sea
of electrons.
(i) Suggest an explanation for why they have high melting points.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Explain why, when a force is applied to a piece of steel, it does not break but just
changes its shape.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 11]

A major ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. A by-product of the extraction of zinc from this ore is
sulfur dioxide which is used to make sulfuric acid.
(a) (i) Zinc blende is heated in air. Zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide are formed. Write the
balanced equation for this reaction.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Zinc oxide is reduced to zinc by heating with carbon. Name two other reagents
which could reduce zinc oxide.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) The zinc obtained is impure. It is a mixture of metals. Explain how fractional distillation
could separate this mixture.
zinc bp = 908 C, cadmium bp = 765 C, lead bp = 1751 C
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

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For
Examiners
Use

(b) Sulfur dioxide is used to make sulfur trioxide in the Contact Process.
2SO2(g) + O2(g)

2SO3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic. The conditions used are:

temperature: 450 C
pressure:
2 atmospheres
catalyst:
vanadium(V) oxide
Explain, mentioning both position of equilibrium and rate, why these conditions give the
most economic yield.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 10]

Hydriodic acid, HI(aq), is a strong acid. Its salts are iodides.

(a) It has the reactions of a typical strong acid. Complete the following equations.
(i) ............Li + ............HI ........................ + ...................

(ii)

[1]

.......................... ..........................
hydriodic
zinc
+

+
+ .........................
acid
carbonate
.......................... ..........................
[1]

(iii) MgO + ............HI ................... + ...................

[1]

(b) Two of the reactions in (a) are acid / base and one is redox. Which one is redox? Explain
your choice.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Describe how you could distinguish between hydriodic, HI(aq), and hydrobromic, HBr(aq)
acids, by bubbling chlorine through these two acids.
result with hydriodic acid ..................................................................................................
result with hydrobromic acid ....................................................................................... [2]

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(d) 20.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.00 mol / dm3, was placed in a beaker. The
temperature of the alkali was measured and 1.0 cm3 portions of hydriodic acid were
added. After each addition, the temperature of the mixture was measured. Typical results
are shown on the graph.

temperature

18.0 cm3

volume of
acid added

NaOH(aq) + HI(aq) NaI(aq) + H2O(l)

(i) Explain why the temperature increases rapidly at first then stops increasing.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Suggest why the temperature drops after the addition of 18.0 cm3 of acid.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) In another experiment, it was shown that 15.0 cm3 of the acid neutralised 20.0 cm3 of
aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1.00 mol / dm3. Calculate the concentration of the acid.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 12]

The structural formula of a butanol is given below.

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
(a) Butanol can be made from petroleum and also by fermentation.
(i) Describe the chemistry of making butanol from petroleum by the following route.
petroleum butene butanol
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]

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(ii) Explain, in general terms, what is meant by fermentation.

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Butanol can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid by heating with acidified potassium
manganate(VII). Give the name and structural formula of the carboxylic acid.
name ........................................................................................................................... [1]
structural formula

[1]
(c) Butanol reacts with ethanoic acid to form a liquid, X, which has the sweet smell of
bananas. Its empirical formula is C3H6O and its Mr is 116.
(i) What type of compound is liquid X?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Give the molecular formula of liquid X.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of X. Show all the individual bonds.

[2]
[Total: 12]

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Excess hydrochloric acid was added to powdered zinc. The hydrogen evolved was collected
and its volume measured every 20 seconds.
The experiments were repeated at the same temperature using the same number of moles
of powdered magnesium and aluminium.
metal B
metal A
volume of
hydrogen
metal C

time
(a) Identify metals A, B and C by choosing from zinc, magnesium and aluminium. Give a
reason for each choice.
metal A .............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
metal B .............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
metal C .............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [5]
(b) Using moles, explain why two of the metals form the same volume of hydrogen but the
third metal forms a larger volume.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

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For
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There are two types of polymerisation - addition and condensation.

(a) Explain the difference between them.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Poly(dichloroethene) is used to package food. Draw its structure. The structural formula
of dichloroethene is shown below.
H

Cl
C

Cl

[2]
(c) The polymer known as PVA is used in paints and adhesives. Its structural formula is
shown below.
CH2

CH

CH2

OOCCH3

CH
OOCCH3

Deduce the structural formula of its monomer.

[1]

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For
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Use

(d) A condensation polymer can be made from the following monomers.

HOOC(CH2)4COOH and H2N(CH2)6NH2
Draw the structural formula of this polymer.

[3]
[Total: 8]

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BLANK PAGE

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 UCLES 2011

Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

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Strontium

89

Key

72

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

88

Ac

Actinium

Ra

Radium

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

56

Barium

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

93

Np
Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

94

Pu
Plutonium

62

152

Eu

95

Am
Americium

63

Europium

78

Platinum

195

Pt

192

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

Ir

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

11

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

98

Cf
Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

14

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

N
8

Se

79

Sulfur

32

Oxygen

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

16

O
9

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

Hydrogen

VII

VI

He

IV

III

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

51

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

12

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