Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 1 1 1 1 2 2 8 9 1 8 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2018
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (CE/SW) 148066/3
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

1 The electronic configurations of five atoms are shown.

A B C D E

(a) Which electronic configuration represents each of the following descriptions?

Each electronic configuration may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) a sodium atom

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) an atom of a reactive non-metallic element

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) an atom with a proton (atomic) number of 12

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) an atom of a noble gas which is used to fill balloons

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(v) an atom which forms a noble gas electronic configuration when it gains two electrons

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes.

One isotope of chlorine is represented by the symbol shown.

37
17
Cl

(i) Deduce the number of neutrons in one atom of this isotope of chlorine.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Chlorine has diatomic molecules.

What is the meaning of the term diatomic?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

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2 Zinc reacts with aqueous nickel(II) nitrate.

Zn(s) + Ni(NO3)2(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ni(s)

(a) (i) By referring to the equation, explain why this is a redox reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Construct the ionic equation for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show how a fork made of nickel is electroplated with silver.

[3]

(c) Aqueous ammonia is added, with mixing, to a solution containing zinc ions until no further
change occurs.

What observations would be made during this test?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Blocks of zinc are attached to the underside of ships made of iron to stop them from rusting.

Explain how zinc stops the ships from rusting.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]
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3 Tartaric acid and succinic acid are colourless organic acids.

The structures of these acids are shown.

H
H O H H
O O O O
C C C C C C C C
H O O H H O O H
O H H H
H
tartaric acid succinic acid

(a) Name the group which is present in tartaric acid but not in succinic acid.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Tartaric acid is reduced to succinic acid by acidified aqueous potassium iodide.

What colour change would you observe in the reaction mixture when this reaction is carried
out?

from .................................................................  to  ................................................................ [2]

(c) Succinic acid is a weak acid.

What is the meaning of the term weak acid  ?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Succinic acid is neutralised by aqueous sodium hydroxide.

C2H4(COOH)2 + 2NaOH C2H4(COONa)2 + 2H2O

Calculate the minimum volume of 0.0200 mol / dm3 sodium hydroxide required to neutralise
25.0 cm3 of 0.0500 mol / dm3 succinic acid.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

volume ................................................... cm3 [3]

[Total: 7]
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4 The alkanes are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons.

(a) (i) Write the general formula for the alkane homologous series.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Each member of a particular homologous series has the same general formula.

Give one other characteristic of a homologous series.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) What is the meaning of the term saturated  ?

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Construct the equation for the complete combustion of pentane, C5H12.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Draw the structure of a branched alkane with the formula C5H12. Show all of the atoms and all
of the bonds.

[1]

(e) Chlorine reacts with pentane.

C5H12 + Cl2 C5H11Cl + HCl

(i) What name is given to this type of chemical reaction?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) What essential condition is needed for chlorine to react with pentane?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(f) A hydrocarbon contains 90% carbon by mass.

(i) Deduce the empirical formula of this hydrocarbon.

empirical formula ...........................................................[2]

(ii) What additional piece of information is needed to deduce the molecular formula of this
hydrocarbon?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 11]

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5 The Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in groups and periods.

(a) Describe how the position of an element in the Periodic Table is related to its electronic
configuration.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Aluminium is an element in Group III of the Periodic Table.

Deduce the electronic configuration of the aluminium ion.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Aluminium reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide, Al2O3.

(i) Construct the equation for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Aluminium oxide reacts with both acids and alkalis.

Name the type of oxide which reacts with both acids and alkalis.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) (i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram of a molecule of oxygen.

Only draw the outer shell electrons.

[2]

(ii) Describe and explain the difference in the rate of diffusion of the gases oxygen and
nitrogen.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(iii) Oxygen reacts with hydrogen to form water.

Sulfur reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen sulfide.

Some properties of hydrogen sulfide are listed.

• It is a gas at room temperature.

• It reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
• It is a reducing agent.
• It burns in air.

Describe four ways in which the properties of water differ from those of hydrogen sulfide.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

3. .......................................................................................................................................

4. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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Section B

Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 30.

6 Some properties of the Group V elements are shown.

element electrical melting point boiling point

conductivity of / °C / °C
solid
nitrogen non-conductor –210 –196
phosphorus non-conductor 44 281
arsenic non-conductor
antimony poor conductor 631 1587
bismuth conducts 271 1564

(a) Use the information in the table.

(i) Predict the physical state of nitrogen at –200 °C.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Predict the melting point of arsenic.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Use the information in the table to explain how the structure and bonding in nitrogen differ
from the structure and bonding in bismuth.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Antimony, Sb, reacts with chlorine to form antimony(III) chloride.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) Nitrogen is present in dry air.

(i) State the percentage by volume of nitrogen in dry air.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Nitrogen oxides are atmospheric pollutants.

The concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhausts from car engines is decreased by
using a catalytic converter.

Describe the reactions that occur in a catalytic converter which help to remove
nitrogen oxides from car exhausts.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) State one other source of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

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7 The products of respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

(a) Complete the equation for respiration.

C6H12O6 + .............. .............. + .............. [2]

(b) Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.

(i) State one effect on the environment of an increase in global warming.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe how the carbon cycle regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Simple sugars can be polymerised to form starch.

HO OH O O O O

a simple sugar starch

(i) Deduce the formula of the molecule eliminated when simple sugars polymerise to form
starch.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the reagent and conditions needed to hydrolyse starch into simple sugars.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) The amino acid alanine can form polymers.

Part of the structure of poly(alanine) is shown.

H H O H H O H H O
N C C N C C N C C
CH3 CH3 CH3

(i) On the diagram, draw a circle around all of the atoms in one amide linkage. [1]

(ii) Draw the structure of the monomer used to make poly(alanine).

[1]

[Total: 10]

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8 Chromium is a transition element.

Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) Explain how both chromium and sodium conduct electricity.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Describe two differences in the physical properties of chromium and sodium.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) An alloy of iron and chromium is stronger than pure iron.

Use ideas about the structure of metals to explain why the alloy is stronger.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Molten chromium reacts with steam to form chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3, and hydrogen.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) The structure of an ion containing chromium is shown.

O O O O
–O Cr O O Cr O–
O O O O

Write the formula for this ion.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(f) Adding dilute acid to yellow CrO42–(aq) forms orange Cr2O72–(aq).

The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

2CrO42–(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72–(aq) + H2O(l)

yellow orange

(i) Describe and explain what you would observe when a few drops of concentrated
aqueous sodium hydroxide are added to the orange solution.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Suggest why a change in pressure has no effect on the reaction shown.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

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9 Cerium is a metal with a relative atomic mass of 140.

Cerium powder reacts with sulfuric acid.

2Ce(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Ce2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

(a) Describe and explain, using ideas about collisions between particles, how the rate of this
reaction changes when the concentration of sulfuric acid is decreased.

All other conditions stay the same.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Describe and explain how the rate of this reaction changes when large pieces of cerium are
used instead of cerium powder.

All other conditions stay the same.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The reaction of cerium with sulfuric acid is exothermic.

Complete the energy profile diagram to show the enthalpy change for this reaction.

energy

progress of reaction
[2]

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(d) Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen, in dm3, formed when 12.6 g of cerium reacts
with excess sulfuric acid at room temperature and pressure.

[Ar: Ce, 140]

volume .................................................. dm3 [3]

(e) The formula of cerium carbonate is Ce2(CO3)3.

Calculate the percentage by mass of cerium in cerium carbonate.

..................................................... % [2]

[Total: 10]

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© UCLES 2018 5070/21/O/N/18

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2018
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

5070/21/O/N/18
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).