Cambridge IGCSE: CHEMISTRY 0620/43

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Cambridge IGCSE™
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CHEMISTRY0620/43
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2021
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
IB21 06_0620_43/3RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
www.dynamicpapers.com
2
1 Give the name of the process that is used:
(a) to produce large molecules from monomers
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) to separate oxygen from liquid air
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) to make ethanol from glucose
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) to separate water from aqueous sodium chloride
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) to produce aluminium from aluminium oxide in molten cryolite
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) to separate the products of hydrolysis of long chain carbohydrates
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) to separate an aqueous solution from an undissolved solid.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

3
2 Complete the table to:
● educe the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the boron atom and chloride ion
d
shown
● identify the atom or ion represented by the final row.
number of number of number of

formula
protons electrons neutrons
5B
11
5
17Cl
35 –
17
24 21 30
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21 [Turn over

4
3 Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodium fluoride, NaF.
(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.
Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in the outer shells of the ions present
in sodium fluoride.
Give the charges on both ions.
........ ........
Na F
[3]
(c) Aqueous sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.
(i) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) ame the products formed at the positive electrode (anode) and the negative electrode
N
(cathode) when dilute aqueous sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.
anode ...................................................................................................................................
cathode ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Molten sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.
(i) ame the products formed at the positive electrode (anode) and the negative electrode
N
(cathode) when molten sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.
anode ...................................................................................................................................
cathode ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode).
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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5
(e) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
fluorine, F2.
Show the outer electrons only.
F F
[1]
(f) The melting points and boiling points of fluorine and sodium fluoride are shown.
melting point boiling point

/ °C / °C
fluorine –220 –188
sodium fluoride 993 1695
(i) Deduce the physical state of fluorine at –195 °C. Use the data in the table to explain your
answer.
physical state .......................................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why sodium fluoride has a much higher melting
point than fluorine.
Your answer should refer to the:

● types of particle held together by the forces of attraction
● types of forces of attraction between particles
● relative strength of the forces of attraction.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [3]
[Total: 18]

6
4 Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes into iodine and hydrogen. The reaction is reversible.
2HI(g) I2(g) + H2(g)

colourless gas purple gas colourless gas
A gas syringe containing a mixture of hydrogen iodide, iodine and hydrogen gases was sealed.
After reaching equilibrium the mixture was a pale purple colour.
equilibrium mixture of hydrogen iodide,

iodine and hydrogen
end sealed plunger
(a) State what is meant by the term equilibrium.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The plunger of the gas syringe is pushed in. The position of equilibrium does not change. The
colour of the gaseous mixture turns darker purple.
The temperature remains constant.
2HI(g) I2(g) + H2(g)

colourless gas purple gas colourless gas
(i) Explain why the position of equilibrium does not change.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest why the colour of the gaseous mixture turns darker purple even though the
position of equilibrium does not change.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) The forward reaction is endothermic.
(i) State what happens to the position of equilibrium when the temperature is decreased.
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

7
(ii) State what happens to the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the backward
reaction when the temperature of the mixture is decreased.
rate of the forward reaction ..................................................................................................
rate of the backward reaction ..............................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 7]

8
5 This question is about salts.
(a) Salts that are soluble in water can be made by the reaction between insoluble carbonates and
dilute acids. Zinc sulfate is soluble in water.
You are provided with solid zinc carbonate, ZnCO3, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
Describe how you would make a pure sample of zinc sulfate crystals.
Your answer should include:

● p ractical details
● how you would make sure that all the dilute sulfuric acid has reacted
● a chemical equation for the reaction.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [5]
(b) Some sulfates decompose when heated.
When hydrated iron(II) sulfate is heated strongly, sulfur dioxide gas is given off.
(i) Describe a test for sulfur dioxide.
test .......................................................................................................................................
observations ........................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Complete the equation for the decomposition of hydrated iron(II) sulfate.
.....FeSO4•7H2O → Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 + .....H2O[2]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

9
(c) Some chlorides are hydrated.
When hydrated barium chloride crystals, BaCl 2•xH2O, are heated they give off water.
BaCl 2•xH2O(s) → BaCl 2(s) + xH2O(g)
A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in BaCl 2•xH2O.
step 1 Hydrated barium chloride crystals are weighed.
step 2 The hydrated barium chloride crystals are then heated.
step 3 The remaining solid is weighed.
(i) Describe how the student can be sure that all the water is given off.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) In an experiment, 4.88 g of BaCl 2•xH2O is heated until all the water is given off. The mass
of BaCl 2 remaining is 4.16 g.
[Mr: BaCl 2, 208; H2O, 18]
Determine the value of x using the following steps.
● Calculate the number of moles of BaCl 2 remaining.
.............................. mol
● Calculate the mass of H2O given off.
.............................. g
● Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.
.............................. mol
● Determine the value of x.
x = ..............................
[4]
[Total: 15]

10
6 This question is about metals.
(a) Iron is extracted from its main ore in a blast furnace.
waste gases
air air
slag
A
(i) Coke and iron ore are added at the top of the blast furnace.
Name one other substance that is added at the top of the blast furnace.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the substance that leaves the blast furnace at A.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Iron ore is mainly iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.
Name a substance that reduces iron(III) oxide to iron in the blast furnace.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iv) Temperatures inside a blast furnace can reach 2000 °C.
ame two substances that react together, in the blast furnace, to produce this high
N
temperature.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(v) Name two waste gases that leave the blast furnace.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

11
(b) Zinc is extracted from zinc blende.
(i) Name the main zinc compound that is present in zinc blende.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) When zinc is extracted, it is formed as a gas.
The gaseous zinc is then converted into molten zinc.
State the name of this physical change.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Name the alloy that contains zinc and copper only.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Copper has the following properties.
● It has a high melting point.

● It has a high density.
● It is a good conductor of electricity.
● It has variable oxidation states.
● It forms a basic oxide.
● It forms soluble salts.
(i) Give two properties from the list in which copper differs from Group I elements.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Give two properties from the list in which copper is similar to Group I elements.
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 13]

12
7 Many organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
(a) An organic compound R has the following composition by mass.
C, 69.77%; H, 11.63%; O, 18.60%
Calculate the empirical formula of compound R.
empirical formula = .............................. [2]
(b) Compound S has the empirical formula CH2O and a relative molecular mass of 60.
Calculate the molecular formula of compound S.
molecular formula = .............................. [2]
(c) Compounds T and V have the same molecular formula, C3H6O2.
● Compound T is an ester.
● Compound V contains a –COOH functional group.
(i) tate the name given to compounds with the same molecular formula but different
S
structures.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name the homologous series that V is a member of.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

13
(iii) Draw a structure of compound T. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
Name compound T.
name ....................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iv) Draw the structure of compound V. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
Name compound V.
name ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Ethanol can be produced from long chain alkanes such as decane, C10H22, in a two-step
process.
step 1 step 2
decane ethene ethanol
or each of the two steps:

F
● name the type of chemical reaction that occurs
● write a chemical equation.
step 1: decane to ethene
type of reaction ...........................................................................................................................
chemical equation .......................................................................................................................
step 2: ethene to ethanol
type of reaction ...........................................................................................................................
chemical equation .......................................................................................................................

[4]
[Total: 15]

14
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

15
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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
© UCLES 2021
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
0620/43/M/J/21
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

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You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

1 Give the name of the process that is used:

(a) to produce large molecules from monomers

(b) to separate oxygen from liquid air

(c) to make ethanol from glucose

(d) to separate water from aqueous sodium chloride

(e) to produce aluminium from aluminium oxide in molten cryolite

(f) to separate the products of hydrolysis of long chain carbohydrates

(g) to separate an aqueous solution from an undissolved solid.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

2 Complete the table to:

number of number of number of

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21 [Turn over

3 Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodium fluoride, NaF.

(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

(b) Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

Give the charges on both ions.

(c) Aqueous sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.

(i) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.

(d) Molten sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

melting point boiling point

physical state .......................................................................................................................

Your answer should refer to the:

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21 [Turn over

2HI(g) I2(g) + H2(g)

equilibrium mixture of hydrogen iodide,

end sealed plunger

(a) State what is meant by the term equilibrium.

The temperature remains constant.

2HI(g) I2(g) + H2(g)

(i) Explain why the position of equilibrium does not change.

(c) The forward reaction is endothermic.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

rate of the forward reaction ..................................................................................................

rate of the backward reaction ..............................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21 [Turn over

5 This question is about salts.

Your answer should include:

(b) Some sulfates decompose when heated.

(i) Describe a test for sulfur dioxide.

.....FeSO4•7H2O → Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 + .....H2O[2]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21

(c) Some chlorides are hydrated.

BaCl 2•xH2O(s) → BaCl 2(s) + xH2O(g)

A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in BaCl 2•xH2O.

step 1 Hydrated barium chloride crystals are weighed.

step 2 The hydrated barium chloride crystals are then heated.

step 3 The remaining solid is weighed.

[Mr: BaCl 2, 208; H2O, 18]

Determine the value of x using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of BaCl 2 remaining.

● Calculate the mass of H2O given off.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.

● Determine the value of x.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/M/J/21 [Turn over

1 Give the name of the process that is used:

(a) to produce large molecules from monomers

(b) to separate oxygen from liquid air

(c) to make ethanol from glucose

(d) to separate water from aqueous sodium chloride

(e) to produce aluminium from aluminium oxide in molten cryolite

(f) to separate the products of hydrolysis of long chain carbohydrates

(g) to separate an aqueous solution from an undissolved solid.

2 Complete the table to:

3 Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodium fluoride, NaF.

(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

(b) Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

Give the charges on both ions.

(c) Aqueous sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.

(i) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.

(d) Molten sodium fluoride undergoes electrolysis.

Your answer should refer to the:

(a) State what is meant by the term equilibrium.

The temperature remains constant.

(i) Explain why the position of equilibrium does not change.

(c) The forward reaction is endothermic.

5 This question is about salts.

Your answer should include:

(b) Some sulfates decompose when heated.

(i) Describe a test for sulfur dioxide.

.....FeSO4•7H2O → Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 + .....H2O[2]

(c) Some chlorides are hydrated.

A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in BaCl 2•xH2O.

step 1 Hydrated barium chloride crystals are weighed.

step 2 The hydrated barium chloride crystals are then heated.

step 3 The remaining solid is weighed.

Determine the value of x using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of BaCl 2 remaining.

● Calculate the mass of H2O given off.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.

● Determine the value of x.

6 This question is about metals.

(a) Iron is extracted from its main ore in a blast furnace.

(ii) Name the substance that leaves the blast furnace at A.

(iii) Iron ore is mainly iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.

(iv) Temperatures inside a blast furnace can reach 2000 °C.

(b) Zinc is extracted from zinc blende.

(ii) When zinc is extracted, it is formed as a gas.

The gaseous zinc is then converted into molten zinc.

State the name of this physical change.

(d) Copper has the following properties.

● It has a high melting point.

7 Many organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

(a) An organic compound R has the following composition by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of compound R.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

Calculate the molecular formula of compound S.

molecular formula = .............................. [2]

(c) Compounds T and V have the same molecular formula, C3H6O2.

(ii) Name the homologous series that V is a member of.

or each of the two steps: