Lines used to indicate the measurement of

2.00 objects. The number or figure is usually

positioned at the middle of the fine line and its
Dimension Line
axis is perpendicular to it.
Fine, straight line with an arrowhead or round
solid dot at one end and usually drawn at an
Leader Line angle.

Alternate
A thick broken line made up of a series of one
long and two short dashes alternately spaced.
Preferred The arrowheads are placed at right angles to the
cutting plane line. These lines are oriented
vertically, horizontally, or at the actual angle at
which the part is drawn.
Cutting Plane Line

Series of fine lines-solid or solid and

brokenarranged in specific patterns. They may
be shown either straight or curved. To represent
Section Lines various kinds of materials.

Heavy, broken line made up of a series of long

and short dashes alternately spaced. It is used to
Chain Line indicate the location and extent of a surface.

Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to

show a short break to conserve space on a
Short Break Line
drawing.

Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to

Long Break Line show a long break to conserve space on a
drawing.

Light, broken line made up of a series of long

and two short dashes used to show alternate
positions of a part; to show relationship of
Phantom Line existing part to new part; and to show machined
surfaces.

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EXAMPLE PLAN USING ALPHABET LINES

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Lesson II – Interpret technical drawings

Welding Symbol
Location of Elements: The elements of a welding symbol have standard locations with respect
to each other.

Location Significance of Arrow: The arrow element in a welding symbol in conjunction with
the reference line determines the arrow side and other side of a weld.

References: When a specification, process, test, or other references are needed to clarify a
welding symbol, the reference is placed in a tail on the welding symbol. The letters complete
joint penetration (CJP) may be used in the tail of the arrow to indicate that a complete joint
penetration groove weld is required, regardless of the type of weld or joint preparation. The
tail may be omitted when no specification, process, or other reference is required with a
welding symbol.

Dimensions: Dimensions of a weld are shown on the same side of the reference line as the
weld symbol. The size of the weld is shown to the left of the weld symbol, and the length of
the weld is placed on the right. If a length is not given, the weld symbol applies to that portion
of the joint between abrupt changes in the direction of welding or between specified
dimension lines. If a weld symbol is shown on each side of the reference line, dimensions are
required to be given for each weld even though both welds are identical.

The term weld symbol and welding symbol have different meanings. A weld symbol indicates
the required type of weld. The welding symbol includes the weld symbol and supplementary
information. A complete welding symbol consists of the following elements:

• Reference line
• Arrow
• Basic weld symbol
• Dimensions and other data
• Supplementary symbol
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 • Finish symbol
• Tail
• Specification, process and other references

Location of Elements of a Welding Symbol

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AElements_of_a_welding_symbol.PNG&psig=AOvVaw1iY
aLyFFUc5PFlGGIBk83N&ust=1593054007055000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKCiv4u7meoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Legend:

F Finish Symbol

A Groove Angle: included angle of countersink for plug welds

R Root Opening; depth of filling for plug and slot welds.

S Depth of Bevel: size or strength for certain welds

E Groove Weld Size

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 L Length of Weld

P Pitch of Weld: center-to-center spacing

T Tail of Weld: specification, process of other reference (omitted when

reference is not used)

N Number of Spot, Stud, or Projection Welds

◄ Field Weld

Weld All Around

Contour Symbol

In your welding work, you may be required to work from these drawings;
therefore you should understand the use and meaning of these symbols.

MEANING & USE OF SYMBOLS

An arc welding symbol consists of the main four parts 1.

A reference line
2. An arrow.
3. A basic welding symbol
4. A tail

The basic symbol indicates the type of weld.

(Butt, fillet, etc.)

1. The reference line is a line connected to the arrow. The position of the basic
symbol above or beneath this line determines the location of the weld. The reference

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line is always drawn parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing, or to the base line of a
particular view.

2. The arrow indicates the position of the weld; it is drawn at an angle from the end
of the reference line to one side of the joint. This side is called the 'arrow side of the
joint'. The opposite side is called the other side of the joint.

Arrow location

Welds on the "arrow side of the joint‟ are shown by inverting the weld symbol and
placing it beneath the reference line.

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Symbol Indicating Fillet Weld at Arrow Side of Joint

1. Welds on the "other side of the joint‟ are shown by placing the symbols above the
reference line.

Symbol indicating fillet welds on the other side of joint.

2. Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol above and
below the reference line.

Fillet weld both sides of the joint

2. Basic weld symbols describe the type of weld to be made. This symbol is a
miniature drawing of the metal's edge preparation prior to welding. The basic
weld symbol is only part of the entire AWS welding symbol.

WELD SYMBOL WELDINGSYMBOL

Square Groove

V Groove V

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 Single U

Bevel Groove

J Groove

V Groove both
sides

Square Groove both sides

Double U Groove

4. The tail is added to the symbol only when special notes are required. A number or
letter code used inside the tail direct the welder to special notes located elsewhere on
the drawing. These notes may specify the heat treatment, welding process used, or
other information not given on the welding symbol.

TAIL

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Supplementary Symbols

Supplementary symbols can be placed above or below the basic symbol, or at the
intersection of the reference line and the arrow. Dimensions and reference to
specifications, or welding procedures may also be added.

1. Weld all around is a circle drawn on the welding symbol, indicating that the
described weld is to be made all around the part.

2. Field weld symbol is a symbol added to the basic AWS welding symbol to
indicate that a weld is to be made at the job site (“ in the field”), rather than in a
fabricating shop.

3. Melt through is a complete joint penetration for a joint welded from one side and
visible root reinforcement is produced.

4. Backing symbol is an open rectangular box used in combination with a groove

weld symbol located on the reference line indicating that locating materials is required
on the opposite side control penetration.

5. Spacer symbol is an open box that intersects the reference line, indicating that a
spacer is placed between joint.

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Contour and Finish Symbol

1. Flush contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol and indicates
the weld should be approximately a flat plane with the surface.

2. Convex contour symbol is located on the side as the symbol and indicates that
the weld should be raised or convex shape.

3. Concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol indicates
that the weld should be concave shape.

4. If the contour requires finishing, a finishing symbol will be sued in conjunction

with the contour symbol, a letter G indicate grinding, C indicate shipping, M indicate
machining, and U indicate unspecified which local method should be used.

II. Exercises
A. Directions: Draw the following types of alphabet line.
1. Chain Line ______________________
2. Hidden Line ______________________
3. Leader Line ______________________
4. Object Line ______________________

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 5. Short Break Line ______________________

B. Directions: Draw the following Weld symbol.

1. Single U _______________
2. Square Groove _______________
3. V Groove _______________
4. Bevel Groove _______________
5. J Groove _______________

III. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020) Test I.
Directions: Identify the alphabet lines found out on the drawing below.

1. _______________________ 6. ______________________
2. _______________________ 7. ______________________
3. _______________________ 8. ______________________
4. _______________________ 9. ______________________
5. _______________________ 10. ____________________

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Test II. Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose and encircle the
letter of the correct answer.

1. What type of contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol indicates
that the weld should be concave shape?
a. Backing symbol c. Convex contour symbol
b. Concave contour symbol d. Flush contour symbol

2. What type of contour symbol is located on the side as the symbol and indicates
that the weld should be raised or convex shape?
a. Backing symbol c. Convex contour symbol
b. Concave contour symbol d. Flush contour symbol

3. What type of contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol and
indicates the weld should be approximately a flat plane with the surface?
a. Backing symbol c. Convex contour symbol
b. Concave contour symbol d. Flush contour symbol

4. Which groove weld symbol is an open rectangular box used in combination

located on the reference line indicating that materials is required on the opposite side
control penetration?
a. Backing symbol c. Spacer
b. Melt through d. Weld all around

5. Which indicates the position of the weld that is drawn at an angle from the end of
the reference line to one side of the joint?
a. Arrow c. Dimensions
b. Chain line d. Reference line

IV. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies.

Directions: Draw an isometric view of a cube with a dimension of 2”x2” and apply some types
of the alphabet line.

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Test II. Directions: Identify the following numbered types of welding symbols given below

_______________ _______________ _______________

References:
1. Region 10, Department of Education K-12 Learning Module (9) for TLE (SMAW) Grade
7/8, pp. 1- 10.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

IVY FE C. AVENTUNA HENRY D. ESPINA JR.

Teacher I School Principal I
Looc Norte National High School Looc Norte National High School

_____________________________________

GUIDE

For the Teacher: Advise the students to read the reading and discussion portion before they
attempt to answer the practice exercises. Going through the parts sequentially will help them
understand easily the topic.

For the Learner: Read through the self-learning home task from the first part to the last part.
Doing so, will help you understand better the topic.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Assist your child and make sure that he/she reads the self-
learning home task from beginning to end to ensure proper understanding of the concepts.
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