This document provides commonly used formulas in electrical circuits including formulas for current, charge, power, resistance, capacitors, inductors, transient analysis, AC circuit analysis, and three phase circuits. Formulas are given for resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage, current, power, impedance, and more in various circuit configurations.
This document provides commonly used formulas in electrical circuits including formulas for current, charge, power, resistance, capacitors, inductors, transient analysis, AC circuit analysis, and three phase circuits. Formulas are given for resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage, current, power, impedance, and more in various circuit configurations.
This document provides commonly used formulas in electrical circuits including formulas for current, charge, power, resistance, capacitors, inductors, transient analysis, AC circuit analysis, and three phase circuits. Formulas are given for resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage, current, power, impedance, and more in various circuit configurations.
This document provides commonly used formulas in electrical circuits including formulas for current, charge, power, resistance, capacitors, inductors, transient analysis, AC circuit analysis, and three phase circuits. Formulas are given for resistance, capacitance, inductance, voltage, current, power, impedance, and more in various circuit configurations.
dq • Current: i = , rate of change of charge dt Rt • Charge: q(t) = 0 i(τ ) dτ + q(0) • Power: p(t) = v(t)i(t), general expression for any circuit. Rt • Energy: w(t) = 0 p(τ ) dτ
Resistors • Ohm’s Law: v = iR, where i is the current and R is the resistance ρL • Resistance: R = A , where ρ = resistivity, L is the length, and A is the area of cross section. • Resistors in series: Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + · · · 1 1 1 1 • Resistors in parallel: Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + ··· v2 • Power: p = vi = i2 R = R R1 R2 R3 • Voltage divider rule for series circuit: V1 = V , V2 Req s = V , V3 Req s = V ,··· Req s
Req Req Req
• Current divider rule for parallel circuit: i1 = i ,i R1 s 2 = i ,i R2 s 3 = R3 s i ,···
Rt • Current through inductor: iL (t) = L1 0 vL (τ ) dτ + iL (0) • Energy stored in inductor: E = 21 Li2L
Capacitors ε0 εr A • Parallel plate capacitor: C = d , ε0 = 8.854 × 10−12 F/m 1 1 1 1 • Capacitors in series: Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + ··· • Capacitors in parallel: Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + · · · Rt • Voltage across capacitor: vC (t) = C1 0 iC (τ ) dτ + vC (0) • Current through capacitor: iC (t) = C dvdtC • Energy stored in capacitor: E = 12 CvC2 • Charge stored in capacitor: q = CVC 2
Transient Analysis
• Time Constant of RC circuit: τ = RC sec
L • Time Constant of RL Circuit: τ = R sec
• Solution of first order differential equation: dx
dt + ax = b, x(0) = x0 , b −at −→ x(t) = a + ke , where k is computed using the initial condition
AC Circuit Analysis
• ω = 2πf, f = frequency
• Frequency: f = T1 , T = time period
• Impedance of Inductor: ZL = jωL
1 1 • Impedance of capacitor: ZC = −j ωC = jωC
V√ • RMS value: Vrms = max 2 , likewise for current |Vrms |2 • Power: P = |Irms |2 R = R for resistor |Vrms |2 • Reactive Power: Q = |Irms |2 X = X for inductors and capacitors
In equations below, V and I are in rms magnitude (no angle) unless stated otherwise. √ • Star (wye) Connection: VL = 3VP , IL = IP √ • Delta Connection: VL = VP , IL = 3IP √ • Power: P3,phase = 3P1,phase = 3VP IP cos(θV − θI ) = 3VL IL cos(θV − θI ) √ • Reactive Power: Q3,phase = 3Q1,phase = 3VP IP sin(θV − θI ) = 3VL IL sin(θV − θI ) √ • Total KVA (star): S = 3VP I∗P = 3VL I∗L , V and I in rms magnitude and angle
