Arduino Module 1

MICROCONTOLLER
What is a Micro-Controller?
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit
designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded
system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor,
memory and input/output (I/O. peripherals on a single
chip.
Sometimes referred to as an embedded controller or microcontroller

unit (MCU., microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots, office machines,
medical devices, mobile radio transceivers, vending machines and home
appliances, among other devices. They are essentially simple miniature
personal computers (PCs. designed to control small features of a larger
component, without a complex front-end operating system (OS).
Figure 1. Microcontroller
What is an Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company,

project, and user community that designs and manufactures
single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices.
With a wide variety of uses such as Home Automation, Robotics,

Prototyping, IOT, and can be used to other related topics such as
Agriculture, Renewable Energy, Automotive or Automobile; etc.
What are the different types of Arduino?
Different Parts of an Arduino
Arduino Pins
Digital Pins
● There are a total of 14 digital pins of the Arduino which can be used for
connecting the devices that require digital input from the Arduino Uno and
give the digital output. For the digital we mean that the information will be
in the form of zero and one.
● Pin 0 and 1 in the digital pins are the communication pins of the Arduino
labeled as TX and RX. Through these pins the Arduino communicates with
the different communication devices and is also used when uploading the
code to the Arduino board.
● There is a built-in LED in the Arduino Uno that is connected to pin 13 but
we can use this pin to connect other devices as well.
PWM Pins (Pulse Width Modulation)
● The pins that are used to get the output of the Arduino in the form of
pulses are called the PWM pins and its duty cycle varies from 0 to 255. The
pins dedicated for PWM in Arduino Uno are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11.
Analog Pins
● The Arduino Uno has 6 analog pins that are mainly used to connect the
analog devices (sensors. and have the resolution of 0 to 1023. This means
that the values will be in between 0 and 1023 and in terms of voltage the 5
volts will be 1023).
● The pins A4 and A5 can be used as the SDA and SCL pins for the devices
that used I2C and TWI (Two Wire Interface. communication protocols. The
SDA pin is the data line for the connected device and SCL is the clock pin of
the connected device. Similarly, there are two other pins next to the AREF
pin that can be used for the data line and clock of the I2C devices as well.
Power Pins
● The Arduino Uno has a total of 10 pins that are used for supplying power
to the devices connected with Arduino. The maximum voltage the Arduino
Uno can supply is 5 volts and minimum voltage of 3.3 volts and there are
four ground pins in the board.
● To connect the Arduino board with the supply voltage there is one USB
port and a jack for power supply is also provided. The USB port can be used
for power as well as to upload the code to the Arduino Uno. Whereas the
jack provided for the supply is mostly used when the Arduino has to
function in standalone mode.
ICSP Header Pins
● To update or change the firmware of the Arduino Uno we can use the 12
header pins given on the Arduino Uno board. The in-circuit system
programming (ICSP. can be done by connecting Arduino with the device
using a programming cord).
Activity#1
In an A4 size bond paper, draw and label the different parts of Arduino
Uno. Include a legend (color coded system) that will immediately identify
the labels of pins and other parts.
Criteria
Content - 70
Creativity - 20
Use of Language - 10
100 Points
Activity#2
In an A4 size bond paper, create an essay explaining the usage,

similarities and differences of the different Arduino Pins. Use your own
words and phrases in explaining the said pins. Observe the proper inclusion
of Introduction, Body and Conclusion.
Criteria
Content - 30
Coherence and Cohesion - 10
Use of Language - 10
50 Points
Assessment#1
Multiple Choice. In ¼ sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct

answer for each number. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.
1. What is Arduino?
a. A type of computer
b. A software application
c. A microcontroller board
d. A programming language
2. What is the main function of a microcontroller?

a. To display information
b. To execute instructions
c. To store and retrieve data
d. To connect to the internet
3. Which Arduino board is commonly used for projects that require analog
input and output?
a. Arduino Uno
b. Arduino Mega
c. Arduino Nano
d. Arduino Due
4. Which Arduino board is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller?

a. Arduino Uno
b. Arduino Mega
c. Arduino Nano
d. Arduino Due
5. How many digital pins does an Arduino Uno have?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 14
6. What is a microcontroller?
a. A software application
b. A programming language
c. A type of computer memory
d. A type of computer processor
7. Which pin on an Arduino board is used for analog input?

a. A0
b. D0
c. RX
d. TX
8. Which Arduino board is the smallest in size?

a. Arduino Uno
b. Arduino Mega
c. Arduino Nano
d. Arduino Due
9. Which pin on an Arduino board is used for PWM (Pulse Width

Modulation. output?
a. A0
b. D0
c. RX
d. D3
10. Which Arduino board has the most digital pins?
a. Arduino Uno
b. Arduino Mega
c. Arduino Nano
d. Arduino Due
11. Pin 0 and 1 in the digital pins are the communication pins of the
Arduino, what is the label of these two pins?
a. A0 and D0
b. A0 and RX
c. D3 and RX
d. TR and RX
12. Which Arduino board is specifically designed for wearable projects due
to its small form factor and low power consumption?
a. Arduino Due
b. Arduino Micro
c. Lilypad Arduino
d. Arduino Leonardo
13. Which pins on the Arduino are used for I2C communication?
a. A4 and A5
b. D2 and D3
c. D10 and D11
d. D12 and D13
14. What is the maximum voltage that can be safely applied to any digital
output?
a. 3 volts
b. 5 volts
c. 9 volts
d. 3.3 volts
15. What does the acronym “PWM” stand for in Arduino?

a. Pulse Wave Modulation
b. Pulse Width Modulation
c. Peak Wave Manipulation
d. Proportional Width Manipulation
16. Which digital pins on the Arduino Uno support PWM output?
a. Pins 0 and 1
b. Pins 3,5,6,9,10, and 11
c. Pins 2,4,7, and 8
d. Pins 13 and A0
17. How many analog pins does the Arduino Uno have?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
18. What is the function of analog pins on an Arduino board?

a. To generate PMW signals
b. To provide digital input/output
c. To connect to external memory devices
d. To read analog inputs and outputs for Arduino
19. Which pin on the Arduino Uno is used for the onboard LED?
a. Pin 0
b. Pin 1
c. Pin 13
d. Pin A0
20. What is the purpose of the RX and TR pins on an Arduino board?

a. To control the onboard LED
b. To provide analog input/output
c. To connect external power sources
d. To communicate with the computer vis USB
Assessment#2
Identification. In ¼ sheet of paper, write Uno if the statement

pertains to Arduino Uno, Nano if Arduino Nano, Mega for Arduino Mega,
Micro for Arduino Micro, LilyPad for LilyPad Arduino, Leonardo if Arduino
Leonardo and Pro Mini if the statement refers to Arduino Pro Mini.
STRICTLY NO ERASURE.
1. A microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 and has It has 20

digital input/output pins.
2. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM
outputs).
3. The most used and documented board of the whole Arduino &
Genuino family.
4. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable
instead of a standard one.
5. It has a six pin header can be connected to an FTDI cable or Sparkfun
breakout board.
6. A microcontroller board designed for wearables and e-textiles.
7. The smallest board of the family, easy to integrate it in everyday
objects to make them interactive.
8. Best board to get started with electronics and coding.
9. Features a built-in USB which makes the Micro recognizable as a
mouse or keyboard.
10. It can be sewn to fabric and similarly mounted power supplies,
sensors and actuators with conductive thread.
References
• Basic Arduino Programming Training, Engr. Francis Angelo P. Fabul,

ECT
• https://www.google.com

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MICROCONTOLLER

Sometimes referred to as an embedded controller or microcontroller

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company,

With a wide variety of uses such as Home Automation, Robotics,

PWM Pins (Pulse Width Modulation)

ICSP Header Pins

In an A4 size bond paper, create an essay explaining the usage,

Multiple Choice. In ¼ sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct

2. What is the main function of a microcontroller?

4. Which Arduino board is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller?

5. How many digital pins does an Arduino Uno have?

7. Which pin on an Arduino board is used for analog input?

8. Which Arduino board is the smallest in size?

9. Which pin on an Arduino board is used for PWM (Pulse Width

15. What does the acronym “PWM” stand for in Arduino?

18. What is the function of analog pins on an Arduino board?

20. What is the purpose of the RX and TR pins on an Arduino board?

Identification. In ¼ sheet of paper, write Uno if the statement

1. A microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 and has It has 20

• Basic Arduino Programming Training, Engr. Francis Angelo P. Fabul,

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