Numericals on Atom Economy

1) Preparation of n-propyl bromide from n-propyl alcohol

CH3CH2CH2-OH + NaBr + H2SO4 → CH3CH2CH2Br + NaHSO4 + H2O
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
CH3CH2CH2Br = 12x 3 + 1x7 + 80 = 123
NaHSO4 = 23 + 1 + 32 + 16x4 = 120
H2O = 1x2 + 16 = 18
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 123
123 + 120 + 18 X 100
= 123
261 X 100
= 47 %
78
 Numericals on Atom Economy
2) Preparation of maleic anhydride by oxidation of benzene.
O
V2O5
+ 4.5 O2 O + 2CO2 + 2H2O
O
Solution: Maleic anhydride
Molecular weight of all products:
C4H2O3 = 12x 4 + 1x2 + 16x3 = 98
2CO2 = (12 + 16x2) x2 = 88
2H2O = (1x2 + 16) x2 = 36
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
Molecular weight of all products X 100
= 98
98 + 88 + 36 X 100
= 98
222 X 100 = 44 %
79
 Numericals on Atom Economy
3) Preparation of maleic anhydride by oxidation of butane.
O
C4H10 + 3.5 O2 O + 4H2O
O
Solution: Maleic anhydride
Molecular weight of all products:
C4H2O3 = 12x 4 + 1x2 + 16x3 = 98
4H2O = (1x2 + 16) x4 = 72
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 98
98 + 72 X 100
= 98
= 57.6 %
170 X 100
80
 Numericals on Atom Economy
4) Preparation of maleic anhydride by oxidation of 2-butene.
O
CH3
HC Oxidn
ǀǀ + 3 O2 O + 3H2O
HC O
CH3 Maleic anhydride
2-Butene
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C4H2O3 = 12x 4 + 1x2 + 16x3 = 98
3H2O = (1x2 + 16) x3 = 54
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
Molecular weight of all products X 100
= 98
98 + 54 X 100
= 98
X 100 = 64.5 %
81 152
 Numericals on Atom Economy
5) Calculate % atom economy of following reaction w.r.t. Allyl chloride.
CH3 – CH=CH2 + Cl2 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Cl + HCl
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
CH3CH2CH2Cl= 12x 3 + 1x7 + 35.5 = 78.5
HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 78.5
78.5 + 36.5 X 100
= 78.5
115 X 100
= 68.3 %

82
 Numericals on Atom Economy
6)
Ni
CH3 – CH=CH2 + H2 CH3 - CH2 – CH3
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
CH3CH2CH3 = 12x 3 + 1x8 = 44
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 44
X 100
44
= 100 %

83
 Numericals on Atom Economy
7)
AlCl3
C6H6 + CH3Cl C6H5CH3 + HCl
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C6H5CH3 = 12x 7 + 1x8 = 92
HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 92
X 100
92 + 36.5
= 92
128.5 X 100
= 71.6 %

84
 Numericals on Atom Economy
8)
C2H4 + Cl2 + H2O CH2Cl - CH2OH + HCl
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C2H5ClO = 12x 2 + 1x5 + 35.5 + 16 = 80.5
HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 80.5
X 100
80.5 + 36.5
= 80.5
117 X 100
= 68.8 %

85
 Numericals on Atom Economy
9) O
CH2Cl - CH2OH + Ca(OH)2 CH2 CH2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C2H4O = 12x 2 + 1x4 + 16 = 44
CaCl2 = 40 + 35.5 x 2 = 111
2H2O = 2(2 + 16) = 36
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 44
44 + 111 + 36 X 100
= 44
191 X 100
= 23 %
86
 Numericals on Atom Economy
10) O
C2H4 + ½ O2 CH2 CH2
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C2H4O = 12x 2 + 1x4 + 16 = 44
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 44
X 100
44
= 100 %

87
 Numericals on Atom Economy
11) Alcohol
CH3CH2CH2-Br + KOH CH3CH=CH2 + KBr + H2O
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C3H6= 12x 3 + 1x6 = 42
KBr = 39 + 80 = 119
H2O = 1x2 + 16 = 18
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 42
42 + 119 + 18 X 100
= 42
179 X 100
= 23.5 %
88
 Numericals on Atom Economy
12)
H2O
CH3CH2-Br + KOH CH3CH2 OH + KBr
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C2H6O= 12x 2 + 1x6 + 16 = 46
KBr = 39 + 80 = 119
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 46
X 100
46 + 119
= 46
165 X 100
= 27.8 %

89
 Numericals on Atom Economy
13)
C6H5NH2+ (CH3CO)2O C6H5NHCOCH3 + CH3COOH
Aniline Acetic Anhydride Acetanilide Acetic acid
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C8H9NO = 12x 8 + 1x9 + 14 + 16 = 135
C2H4O2 = 24 + 4 + 32 = 60
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 135
135 + 60 X 100
= 135
195 X 100
= 69.2 %
90
 Numericals on Atom Economy
14)
C6H6 + CH3COCl C6H5COCH3 + HCl
Benzene Acetyl chloride Acetophenone
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C8H8O = 12x 8 + 1x8 + 16 = 120
HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 120
120 + 36.5 X 100
= 120
156.5 X 100
= 76.7 %
91
 Numericals on Atom Economy
15)
CH3NH2 + COCl2 CH3-N= C= O + 2HCl
Methyl amine Phosgene MIC
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C2H3ON = 12x 2 + 1x3 + 16 + 14 = 57
2HCl = (1 + 35.5 ) x2 = 73
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 57
X 100
57 + 73
= 57
130 X 100
= 43.8 %
92
 Numericals on Atom Economy
16)
C6H5NH2+ C6H5COCl C6H5NHCOC6H5 + HCl
Aniline Benzoyl chloride Benzanilide
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C13H11NO = 12x 13 + 1x11 + 14 + 16 = 197
HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 197
197 + 36.5 X 100
= 197
233.5 X 100
= 84.4 %
93
 Numericals on Atom Economy
16)
C6H5NH2+ C6H5COCl C6H5NHCOC6H5 + HCl
Aniline Benzoyl chloride Benzanilide
Solution:
Molecular weight of desired product and reactants:
Product: C13H11NO = 12x 13 + 1x11 + 14 + 16 = 197
Reactant: C6H5NH2 = 12 x6 + 1x7 + 14 = 93
Reactant: C6H5COCl = 12 x7 + 1x5 + 16 + 35.5 = 140.5
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all reactants
= 197
93 + 140.5 X 100
= 197
233.5 X 100
94 = 84.4 %
 Numericals on Atom Economy
17)
C6H5CHO + CH3CHO C6H5CH=CHCHO + H2O
Benzaldehyde Acetaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde
Solution:
Molecular weight of all products:
C9H8O = 12x 9 + 1x8 + 16 = 132
H2O = 2 + 16 = 18
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all products
= 132
132 + 18 X 100
= 132
150 X 100
= 88 %
95
 Numericals on Atom Economy
17)
NaOH
C6H5CHO + CH3CHO C6H5CH=CHCHO + H2O
Benzaldehyde Acetaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde
Solution:
Molecular weight of desired product and reactants:
Product: C9H8O = 12x 9 + 1x8 + 16 = 132
Reactant: C6H5CHO = 12 x7 + 1x6 + 16 = 106
Reactant: CH3CHO = 12 x2 + 1x4 + 16 = 44
% Atom Economy = Molecular weight of desired product
X 100
Molecular weight of all reactants
= 132
106 + 44 X 100
= 132
150 X 100
96 = 88 %