RELATIVE CLAUSES 1 – DEFINING - WHO (THAT) for PEOPLE

A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us  We know a lot of people. They live in London.
which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing)
the speaker means.  We know a lot of people who live in London.

WHICH / THAT for THINGS

 I don’t like stories. They have unhappy

The man who lives next door is very friendly. endings.

 I don’t like the stories that have unhappy

Relative Clause endings.

The man who lives next door... (Who lives next door  Where are the eggs? They were in the fridge.
tells us which man)
 Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?

RELATIVE CLAUSES 2 WHOSE for HIS /HER /THEIR

DD
 The man who lives in next door is very  We saw some people – their car had broken
friendly. down.
 Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?
 We saw some people whose car had broken
In these sentences who and which are subject of the down.
verbs in the relative clauses.
WHERE for PLACES
The man lives in next door. He is very friendly.
The hotel – we stayed there – wasn’t very clean.

The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.

Where are the eggs ? They were in the fridge

RELATIVE CLAUSES 3 – NON DEFINING –

YOU CANNOT LEAVE OUT WHO or
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
WHICH IN THESE SENTENCES
Have you found the keys that you lost
Sometimes who and which are objects of the verbs.
In these sentences, the relative clauses tell us which
The man – I wanted to see him- was away on holiday. person or thing the speaker means.
The man who I wanted to see was away on holiday. The house at the end of the street, which has been empty
for five years, has just been sold.
Have you found the keys? – You lost them.
Mrs. Morgan, whose son is in our class, is an English
Have you found the keys that you lost? teacher.
WHEN WHO or WHICH ARE OBJECTS OF THE In these sentences the relative clauses (which has been
VERB IN THE RELATIVE CLAUSE, YOU CAN empty ... and whose son...) do not tell us which person or
LEAVE THEM OUT. thing speaker means. We already know which person or
thing is meant. The relative clauses in these sentences give
 The man I wanted to see was away on holiday. us extra information about the person or thing.
 The dress Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.
 Is there anything I can do? In these – non defining- relative clauses you have
to use who for people and which for things. You
PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVES cannot use that and you cannot leave out who or
which. When you write clauses like this you have
Do you know the girl? – Tom is talking to her. to put commas (,) at the beginning and the end of
the clause.
 Do you know the girl (who)Tom is talking to?
 The bed – I slept in it last night – wasn’t very
comfortable. Mr. Jason, who has worked for the company for 20 years, is
 The bed I slept in last night wasn’t very retiring next week
comfortable.
 n this exercises you have to explain what some words mean.

A bank - A boring person - A dentist - The brain - A star - A friend -A secret – An Academy

He / She works all her life to become famous and He / She puts metal in your mouth and takes coins
then wears sunglasses so people don’t recognize her. out of your pocket

He / She talks about himself when you want to talk Something you only tell one person.
about yourself.

He /She dislikes same people as you. You can borrow money there if you can show that
you don’t need it.

It starts working when you get up in the morning and A modern school. Football is taught there.
stops working when you get to work or school.

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________________________________

6. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _____________________________________________________________________________________________

1. I like the dress. Ann is wearing it. NON DEFINING

______________________________________________
2. We wanted to visit the museum. It was closed when we 1. We decided not to swim in the sea. (The sea looked rather
got there. dirty.)
______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
3. I invited a lot friends to the party. They couldn’t come.
2. The new cinema will be opened next week. ( The cinema holds
_______________________________________________________
4. We had a fish for dinner. It was very delicious. 150 people)
_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. I met a girl last week. I didn’t like her. 3. Jane is one of my best friends. (I share all my secrets with her.)
________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
6. I applied for a job. I didn’t get it. 4. That woman over there is a dancer. (I don’t remember her
______________________________________________________ name.)
7. We wanted to travel on a flight. It was fully booked. ___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 5. Opposite our house there is a nice park. (There are some
8. She is married to a man. He has been married twice beautiful flowers in this park.)
before.
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
9. The house isn’t very good condition. I’m living it. 6. I often go to meet my friends in Bournemouth. (Bournemouth
_______________________________________________________ is only 30 miles away.)
10. I recently went back to the town. I was born there. __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 7. I went to see the doctor. (The doctor told me to rest for a few
11. What was the man’s name? His wife was taken to the days.)
hospital. _________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ 8. The population of London is now falling. (London was once the
12. The place was really hot. We spent our holiday there. largest city in the world.)
______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
13. They are the couple. Their luggage disappeared.
9. We spent a very good week by the lake. (We camped out there)
_____________________________________________________________
14. A stadium is a place. You can watch athletics there. ___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ 10. Our school vice principle was late this morning. (Vice
15. Is there a shop near here? I can buy some drinks there. principle is nearly always on time.)
_________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
1. I like the dress. Ann is wearing it.
______________________________________________
2. We wanted to visit the museum. It was closed when we
got there.
______________________________________________________
3. I invited a lot friends to the party. They couldn’t come.
_______________________________________________________
4. We had a fish for dinner. It was very delicious.
_______________________________________________________
5. I met a girl last week. I didn’t like her.
________________________________________________________
6. I applied for a job. I didn’t get it.
______________________________________________________
7. We wanted to travel on a flight. It was fully booked.
_______________________________________________________
8. She is married to a man. He has been married twice
before.
______________________________________________________
9. The house isn’t very good condition. I’m living it.
_______________________________________________________
10. I recently went back to the town. I was born there.
______________________________________________________
11. What was the man’s name? His wife was taken to the
hospital.
_____________________________________________________________
12. The place was really hot. We spent our holiday there.
______________________________________________________________
13. They are the couple. Their luggage disappeared.
_____________________________________________________________
14. A stadium is a place. You can watch athletics there.
______________________________________________________________
15. Is there a shop near here? I can buy some drinks there.
_________________________________________________________________