NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P1

NOVEMBER 2023

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 10 pages.

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Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER

1.1 1.1.1 Z (1)

1.1.2 Y (1)

1.1.3 Y (1)

1.1.4 Y (1)

1.1.5 Y (1)

1.1.6 Z (1)

1.1.7 Z (1) (7 x 1) (7)

1.2 1.2.1 B (1)

1.2.2 C (1)

1.2.3 A (1)

1.2.4 C (1)

1.2.5 B (1)

1.2.6 C (1)

1.2.7 B (1)

1.2.8 A (1) (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P1 3 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.3 1.3.1 Mature (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 A well-developed cold front (2)

Reason
for stage
Wide spread rainfall to Western Cape/ Affects the Southwestern
in 1.3.1 Cape/made landfall (2)
Well-developed cold sector and warm sector (2)
Presence of the cumulonimbus cloud ahead of the cold front (2)
Steep gradient (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.3 Driven/steered by the Westerly winds (2)

Why did The mid-latitude cyclones move from west to east (2)
rainfall
spread [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
CT-
Knysna

1.3.4 Lowest -15 (1) mm

Lowest Highest- 40 (1) mm (2 x 1) (2)
and
highest
rainfall

1.3.5 Cold front (cold air) undercuts warm moist air (2)
Explain Resulting in rapid uplift of warm moist air (2)
how a
well- Rising air cools and condenses (2)
dev cold (Extensive/great vertical extent) cumulonimbus clouds develop (2)
front
result in [ANY TWO- PROCESSES] (2 x 2) (4)
heavy
rainfall

1.3.6 Will result in soil erosion (accept examples)(2)

How will Biodiversity will be destroyed (2)
the
heavy Destruction of natural habitat (accept examples) (2)
rainfall Destruction of natural vegetation (2)
negativel
y Loss of wildlife (2)
affect the Destruction of food chains /ecosystems/food webs (2)
physical
enviro Will cause mass movements (accept examples) (2)
around Fertilisers washed into the rivers (causing eutrophication) (2)
W Cape?
Will result in water pollution (accept examples) (2)
Leaching of soil nutrients (2)
(Low-lying) areas are flooded (2)
Waterlogged conditions (saturation of soil) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.4 1.4.1 Presence of Coriolis force (1)

State Ocean surface temperature of at least 26,5 °C (1)
ONE
condition Calm (surface) conditions for several days/less friction (1)
for TC Presence of low (air) pressure (1)
dev Unstable atmospheric conditions (1)
Evaporation from the sea surface / rising of warm moist air (1)
Upper air divergence (1)
Latent heat (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

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Geography/P1 4 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.4.2 Southern (1) hemisphere (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 Air circulation around the low- pressure cell is clockwise (2)
Give a Forward (leading) left-hand quadrant/dangerous semi-circle is located on
reason
for SH the south-west of the tropical cyclone (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 A- has clear skies (1)

Cloud cover
B- dense (cumulonimbus) cloud cover (1) (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.5 At A (eye) - air is descending (heating) results in no condensation (no

Explain formation of clouds) (2)
why
there is a At B (eye wall) - air is rising (cooling) and results in condensation (the
difference
in cloud
formation of clouds) (2) (2 x 2) (4)
cover at
A and B
INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM OF TWO
At A (eye) - air is descending (1)
At B (eye wall) - air is rising (1)

1.4.6 Combination of the forward movement and rotation of the system (2)
Why are
strongest It has a steep pressure gradient (2)
winds in
forward left- [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
hand
quadrant ?

1.4.7
Sketch of
a TC in
its
mature
stage

996
(1)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MARKING

(i) Pressure reading at centre of eye must not be more than 996
(range 950-996) (1)
(ii) 4 isobars indicating the correct spacing (1)
(iii) correct symbol showing the southern hemisphere (1)
(3 x 1) (3)

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Geography/P1 5 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.5 1.5.1 Kalahari high (1)

Coastal low (1) (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 Air from the interior (KHPC) descends down the escarpment (2)
Reason The air from the KHPC moves towards the low pressure (2)
for
choice of Air is offshore towards the ocean (2)
sketch B [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Air descending the escarpment (is offshore) hence dry (2)
Explain Descending air heats up resulting in no condensation (no formation of
why
cloudless clouds) (2)
conditions
found at
Descending air heats up and remaining moisture is evaporated (2)
X [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING

Descending air (heats up) (1)

1.5.5 IMPACT
PARAGRAPH
A berg wind dries out the natural vegetation (2)
Explain
how Berg winds increases the temperature of the area and makes it vulnerable
Negative to veld fires (2)
impact of
berg The veld fires destroy the natural vegetation (2)
winds on
natural
vegetation STRATEGIES
and
suggested
Create firebreaks (2)
strategies Ensure water accessibility (accept examples) (2)
Awareness of the negative impact of veld fires (2)
Availability of emergency services (2)
Build/maintain/monitor lookout towers/warning systems (accept examples)
(2)
Education of the community (2)
Developing of wind breaks (2)
[ANY FOUR- MUST INCLUDE BOTH IMPACT AND STRATEGIES]
(4 x 2) (8)
[60]

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Geography/P1 6 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1 2.1.1 B (1)

2.1.2 G/E (1)

2.1.3 A (1)

2.1.4 C (1)

2.1.5 E (1)

2.1.6 H (1)

2.1.7 D (1)

2.1.8 F (1) (8 x 1) (8)

2.2 2.2.1 B (1)

2.2.2 C (1)

2.2.3 C (1)

2.2.4 A (1)

2.2.5 C (1)

2.2.6 C (1)

2.2.7 D (1) (7 x 1) (7)

2.3 2.3.1 A- rectangular(1)

B- dendritic (1) ( 2 x 1) (2)

2.3.2 Rock structure

Underlying
rock Jointed/faults (1)
structure Horizontally layered (1)
and type
in A [ANY ONE]

Rock type
Igneous (1)
Sedimentary (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 + 1) (2)

2.3.3 Rivers flow in joints that have 90º bends (2)

Influence of
underlying Tributaries join main streams at 90° angles (2)
rock
structure-A [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P1 7 DBE/November 2023
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2.3.4 High (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.5 4th (2) order (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.6 The higher the stream order, the higher the drainage density (2) (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.7 The steeper slope (gradient) promotes run off (cuts more river channels)
Explain
how slope (2)
and
permeability Rocks with low permeability (impermeable) promote more run-off (less
influence
drainage infiltration) (2) (2 x 2) (4)
density-B

2.4 2.4.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 It is flowing at a lower level (220m) (2)
Reason for
more It has captured river B (2)
erosive
power for River A erodes (headward) through the watershed (2)
river A.
Steeper gradient to watershed (220-880m) (2)
More volume of water at River A (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.3 C - Elbow of capture (1)
D - Wind gap (1) (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.4 It is a dry area (2)
Character
istic of
It has river gravels (2)
feature D It is located below the elbow of capture (2)
It is located above the misfit stream (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.5 Volume of water of the river decreases (2)
PARAGRAPH
Describe Rivers velocity/speed decreases (2)
changes River has less energy (2)
to river
E after River has less erosive ability (2)
river River will experience more deposition (2)
capture
The length of the river is shortened (2)
Stream order will decrease (2)
River will become non-perennial (accept episodic/periodic) (2)
Width of the river is reduced (2)
Size of the drainage basin decreases (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

2.5 2.5.1 (More than) 100 million litres (1)

20% of daily use (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Extract ground water (drilling boreholes) from aquifers (1)
Two plans-
extract- Alien clearing programmes (1)
improve
water Catchment restoration and maintenance (1)
security
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

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Geography/P1 8 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.5.3 Less availability of ground water due to alien plants (2)

Extract-
challenges Underfunding (2)
faced when
implementi Inefficiencies (2)
ng plans
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.4 (a) It will increase the volume of water in the dam (2)
+ impact-
removal
(b) The water table will be higher (2) (2 x 2) (4)
alien
plants on
(a)
volume
and (b)
water
table

2.5.5 There will be more water for the plants (2)

Removal
of alien
More water available for animal species (2)
plants to
improve
More water will increase aquatic habitats (2)
bio - More water will improve food supply for animal species (2)
diversity
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
[60]

TOTAL SECTION A: 120

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Geography/P1 9 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 D (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Formula: Length x Breadth

Area
calculation

(0.9 cm x 500m) x (0.7 cm x 500m) (Given)

450 (1) m x 350 (1) m
157 500 m² (1) (3 x 1) (3)

3.1.5 Formula: Vertical Interval (VI)

Average
gradient Horizontal Equivalent (HE)

VI=1 567 m - 1 420 m = 147(1) m

147 (1) (For correct substitution)

950

1 : 6.46 OR 1: 6.5 (1) (3 x 1) (3)

3.1.6 Convex slope (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2 3.2.1 D (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 Cold wind drains down the valley slopes and accumulate at the valley floor
Explain
how decreasing the temperature (2) (1 x 2) (2)
katabatic
winds
influence
on temp at INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM OF ONE
G.
Cold wind drains down the valley slopes (1)

3.2.3 Pumpkin (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.4 Frost pockets are found at the bottom of the valley (valley floor /G) (2)
Climatologi
cal reason Area where the temperatures are below freezing point /G (2)
Pumpkin can withstand temperatures below freezing point (2)
for choice

[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.5 South-westerly (1) (1 x 1) (1)

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Geography/P1 10 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.2.6 The highest point is to the north east/ spot height 1524 (2)
Reason for
direction of The V- shape contour lines point to areas of increasing heights to the north/
river flow
north-east (2)
The acute angles formed by the tributaries joining the main stream point in
a south-westerly direction (2)
Dam wall on the southern side (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.7 B5/H: upper (1)

LINKED
C3: middle (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.8 Upper course:

Evidence
for stage
Near the source (2)
of river Contours closely spaced (2)
Steep gradient (2)
V-shaped valleys (2)

Middle course
U shaped valley (2)
Contours far apart (2)
Gentle gradient (2)
River meanders (2)
[ANY ONE- LINKED TO 3.2.7] (1 x 2) (2)

3.1 3.3.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 To determine if the environmental issue is getting worse (accept examples)

Explain
how
(2)
remote
sensing-
Images can be updated/monitored regularly (2)
used to Images can be analysed (2)
monitor
environm Determine possible causes (2)
ental
issues
Provide possible solutions (2)
[ANY ONE- PROCESSES] (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 A representation of geographical features using pixels /grid cells (2)

Definition
Raster data [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.4 Orthophoto map (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.5 It is an image which shows the real dam and water it contains (2)
Why
orthophoto Tone reflects the depth (2)
map is
more Texture indicates whether there is water in the dam (2)
[ANY ONE]
realistic?
(1 x 2) (2)

TOTAL SECTION B: 30
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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