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    Week 7

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    1227 Sriram

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    Week 7

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    1227 Sriram
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    week 7

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    13 views1 page

    Week 7

    Uploaded by

    1227 Sriram

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    WEEK – 7 READING SUMMARY

    CSU ID: 2886073


    NAME: Sriram Guntupally
    Chapter - 6
    SECTION 6.5 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

    In this part, we see an overview of the Cyclic Redundancy Check


    • Error-detecting code generates (n-k)-bit sequence for k-bit block.
    • The receiver divides the incoming frame by the number of bits and assumes no error if there is no
    remainder.
    • Procedure can be done using modulo-two arithmetic, polynomials, and digital logic.
    • Error results in bit reversal, equivalent to XOR of bit and 1.
    • Resulting frame Tr = T ⊕ E, with 1s in error positions.

    SECTION 6.6 Forward Error Correction Error

    Data Link Control and Transport Protocols Error Detection Techniques


    • Crucial in data link control and transport protocols.
    • Corrects data errors through retransmission.
    • High BER on wireless links can lead to many retransmissions.
    • Long propagation delay can result in inefficient systems.

    Block Error-Correcting Code


    • Each k-bit block maps into an n-bit block called a codeword.
    • Incoming signal demodulated to produce potential errors.

    Block Code Principles


    • Hamming distance between two n-bit binary sequences.
    • An (n, k) block code encodes k data bits into n-bit codewords.

    SECTION 7.1 Forward Error Correction Error

    Flow Control in Data Transfer tells the flow or the speeded up/ slowed down data transmitted from one
    device to another.
    • Waste your data and avoid the surpluses while you transmit.
    • MAX_BUFFER_SPACES,
    • Eliminates the situation of supervising the process of buffer acquisition, as the information sent
    previously has undergone the process of data processing. To begin with, automation enables the data
    collection process, requiring only a few staff to supervise.
    • Flow Control Model: Every single frame in a movie channel is a transmission signal from the base
    station to a mobile one.
    • Stop-and-Wait Flow Control: Any flow-temperature control can be mentioned here.
    • Bit Length of a Link: The expansion B = R * d V can be transposed mathematically from another
    relative to the board

    SECTION 7.2 Error Control

    Data Transmission Error Control Overview


    Types of Errors:
    • Lost Frame: Causes delay before reception.
    • Damaged Frame: Arrives with bits in error.
    Error Control Techniques:
    • Error detection: Discards error-free frames.
    • Positive Acknowledgement: Returns positive acknowledgment to error-free frames.
    • Retransmission after timeout: Re-transmits unacknowledged frames after a predetermined time.
    • Negative Acknowledgement and retransmission: Returns negative acknowledgment to detected frames.

    Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ):


    • Turns unreliable data links into reliable ones.
    • Three versions: Stop-and-wait ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ, Selective-reject ARQ.

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