Laboratory Safety and Hazards

LABORATORY
SAFETY
LABORATORY
SAFETY AND HAZARDS
JASANETH BAPIAL ARCIGA, RMT

TOPICS
01 AGENCIES 04
NFPA HAZARD DIAMOND
AND MSDS
TYPES OF SAFETY
02 HAZARDS 05 R-A-C-E
03 CHAIN OF INFECTION 06 P-A-S-S

01
AGENCIES
SAFETY STANDARDS AND GOVERNING AGENCIES
AGENCIES:
1. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2. CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
3. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4. CAP College of American Pathologists
5. TJC The Joint Commission

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
They ensure safe and

healthful working conditions
for workers by setting and
enforcing standards and by
providing training, outreach,
education, and assistance.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
It is a nonprofit, educational
organization created for the
development, promotion,
and use of national and
international laboratory
standards
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDC is responsible for the

controlling the introduction and
spread of infectious diseases, and
provides consultation and
assistance to other nations and
international agencies to assists in
improving their disease prevention
and control, environmental health,
and health promotion activities.
College of American Pathologists
The CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program is
an internationally recognized program and
the only one of its kind that utilizes teams of
practicing laboratory professionals as
inspectors.
Designed to go well beyond regulatory
compliance, the program helps laboratories
achieve the highest standards of excellence
to positively impact patient care.
The Joint Commission
TJC accredits 3467, or 23% of laboratories,
and has been evaluating and accrediting
hospital laboratory services since 1979 and
freestanding laboratories since 1995.
The mission of the TJC is to continuously

improve health care for the public, in
collaboration with other stakeholders, by
evaluating health care organizations and
inspiring them to excel in providing safe and
effective care of the highest quality and
value.
02
TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARDS
TYPE SOURCE POSSIBLE INJURY
BACTERIAL, FUNGAL, VIRAL OR PARASITIC
BIOLOGICAL INFECTIOUS AGENTS
INFECTIONS
CUTS, PUNCTURES, OR BLOOD-BORNE

SHARPS NEEDLES, LANCETS, BROKEN GLASS
PATHOGEN EXPOSURES
EXPOSURE TO TOXIC, CARCINOGENIC, OR

CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES AND REAGENTS
CASUTIC AGENTS
RADIOACTIVE EQUIPMENT AND RADIOISOTOPES RADIATION EXPOSURE
UNGROUNDED OR WET EQUIPMENT;

ELECTRICAL FRAYED CORDS
BURNS OR SHOCK
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE BUNSEN BURNERS, ORGANIC CHEMICALS BURNS OR DISMEMBERMENT
PHYSICAL WET FLOORS, HEAVY BOXES, PATIENTS FALLS, SPRAINS, OR STRAINS

BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
03
CHAIN OF INFECTION
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
ALL PATIENTS ARE CONSIDERED ALL BODY FLUIDS AND MOIST

TO BE POSSIBLE CARRIERS OF BODY SUBSTANCES ARE
BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS. CONSIDERED TO BE
THE CDC EXCLUDE URINE AND POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS.
BODY FLUIDS NOT VISIBLY
CONTAMINATED BY BLOOD.
STANDARD PRECAUTION
•HANDWASHING
•GLOVES
•MASK, EYE PROTECTION AND FACE SHIELD
•GOWN
•PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT
•ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
SAFETY •LINEN
GLOVE BE •OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND BLOOD-BORNE
WORN PATHOGENS
•PATIENT PLACEMENT
STANDARD PRECAUTION
OSHA STANDARD
•REQUIRING ALL EMPLOYEES TO PRACTICE STANDARD
PRECAUTION
•PROVIDING LAB COATS, GOWNS, FACE AND RESPIRATORY

PROTECTION, AND GLOVES TO EMPLOYEES AND LAUNDRY
FACILITIES FOR NONDISPOSABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
LAB COAT
MUST BE •PROVIDING SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS AND
WORN PROHIBITING RECAPPING OF NEEDLES
STANDARD PRECAUTION
•PROHIBITING EATING, DRINKING, SMOKING AND APPLYING

COSMETICS, LIP BALM, AND CONTACT LENS IN THE WORK
AREA
•LABELING ALL BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIAL AND

CONTAINERS
•PROVIDING FREE IMMUNIZATION FOR HBV

STANDARD PRECAUTION
•ESTABLISHING A DAILY DISINFECTION PROTOCOL FOR

WORK SURFACES; AN APPROPRIATE DISINFECTANT FOR
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS IS SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
(HOUSEHOLD BLEACH DILUTED 1:10)
•PROVIDING MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP FOR EMPLOYEES WHO

HAVE BEEN ACCIDENTALLY EXPOSED TO BLOOD-BORNE
1:10 PATHOGENS
•DOCUMENTING REGULAR TRAINING IN SAFETY

STANDARDS FOR EMPLOYEES
HANDWASHING
1. WET HANDS WITH WARM WATER
2. APPLY ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP
3. RUB TO FORM A LATHER, CREATE FRICTION,
AND LOOSEN DEBRIS
4. THOROUGHLY CLEAN BETWEEN FINGERS AND
RINGS, AND UP TO THE WRIST, FOR AT LEAST
15 SECONDS
5. RINSE IN DOWNWARD POSITION
6. DRY WITH PAPER TOWEL
7. TURN OFF FAUCETS WITH A CLEAN PAPER
TOWEL TO PREVENT RECONTAMINATION
2 ROUNDS OF HAPPY BIRTHDAY SONG
SHARP
HAZARDS
SHARP HAZARD- STANDARD PRECAUTION
USE PUNCTURE-RESISTANT CONTAINERS
DO NOT RECAP DIRECTING THE POINT OF THE

NEEDLE TOWARS ANY PART OF THE BODY
CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
CHEMICAL HAZARD- STANDARD PRECAUTION
IF WITH SKIN CONTACT OCCURS, FLUSH THE

AREA WITH LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER FOR AT
LEAST 15 MINUTES THEN SEEK MEDICAL
ATTENTION
•KNOW THE LOCATION AND PROPER USE OF

EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYE WASH
STATIONS
•NO ATTEMPT SHOULD BE MADE TO NEUTRALIZE

CHEMICALS THAT COME IN CONTACT WITH THE
SKIN
•CHEMICALS MUST BE ADDED IN ORDER

SPECIFIED
•ACID SHOULD ALWAYS BE ADDED TO WATER

•PIPETTING BY MOUTH IS UNACCEPTABLE
•APPROPRIATE WORK PRACTICES
•STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
•ENGINEERING CONTROLS, SUCH AS FUME

HOODS AND FLAMMABLES SAFETY CABINETS
•EMPLOYEE TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
•MEDICAL CONSULTATION GUIDELINES

04
NFPA HAZARD DIAMOND
04
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
MSDS
•PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
•FIRE AND EXPLOSION MATERIAL
•REACTIVITY POTENTIAL
•HEALTH HAZARDS AND EMERGENCY FIRST AID

PROCEDURES
•METHODS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL

RADIOACTIVE
HAZARDS
CAUTION
RADIATION
AREA
RADIOACTIVE HAZARD
•ENCOUNTERED WHEN USING
•RADIOISOTOPESCUMULATIVE RELATED TO THE

AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE
ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS
ELECTRICAL HAZARD-STANDARD PRECAUTION
EQUIPMENTS SHOULD NOT OPERATED WITH WET

HANDS
TURN OFF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER, UNPLUG THE

EQUIPMENT OR MOVE IT USING NONCONDUCTIVE
GLASS OR WOOD OBJECT TO AVOID
DANGER
HIGH TRANSFERENCE OF THE CURRENT,EQUIPMENT
VOLTAGE
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE
HAZARDS
05
R-A-C-E
R-A-C-E (FIRE)
R-ESCUE
A-CTIVATE THE INSTITUTIONAL ALARM SYSTEM
C-ONTAIN ALL DOORS TO POTENTIALLY AFFECTED AREAS
E-XTINGUISH THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE, EXIT THE AREA
06
P-A-S-S
P-A-S-S (FIRE EXTINGUISHER)
P-ULL PIN
A-IM AT THE BASE OF THE FIRE
S-QUEEZE HANDLES
S-WEEP NOZZLE SIDE TO SIDE
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
COMPOSITION OF
EXTINGUISHING TYPE OF FIRE
TYPE FIRE
MATERIAL EXTINGUISHER
EXTINGUISHER
WOOD, PAPER,
CLASS A CLOTHING
CLASS A WATER
FLAMMABLE DRY CHEMICALS,

CLASS B ORGANIC CLASS B C02, FOAM OR
CHEMICALS HALON
DRY CHEMICALS,
CLASS C ELECTRICAL CLASS C
C02, OR HALON
COMBUSTIBLE SAND OR DRY

CLASS D METALS
NONE
POWDER
CLASS ABC DRY CHEMICALS
PHYSICAL
HAZARDS
PHYSICAL HAZARD-STANDARD PRECAUTION
•AVOID RUNNING IN ROOMS AND HALLWAYS
•WATCH FOR WET FLOORS
•BEND THE KNEES WHEN LIFTING HEAVY OBJECTS
•KEEP LONG HAIR PULLED BACK
•AVOID DANGLING JEWELRY
•MAINTAIN CLEAN AND ORGANIZED WORK AREA

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LABORATORY

JASANETH BAPIAL ARCIGA, RMT

03 CHAIN OF INFECTION 06 P-A-S-S

2. CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

3. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

4. CAP College of American Pathologists

5. TJC The Joint Commission

They ensure safe and

CDC is responsible for the

The mission of the TJC is to continuously

CUTS, PUNCTURES, OR BLOOD-BORNE

EXPOSURE TO TOXIC, CARCINOGENIC, OR

RADIOACTIVE EQUIPMENT AND RADIOISOTOPES RADIATION EXPOSURE

UNGROUNDED OR WET EQUIPMENT;

FIRE/EXPLOSIVE BUNSEN BURNERS, ORGANIC CHEMICALS BURNS OR DISMEMBERMENT

PHYSICAL WET FLOORS, HEAVY BOXES, PATIENTS FALLS, SPRAINS, OR STRAINS

ALL PATIENTS ARE CONSIDERED ALL BODY FLUIDS AND MOIST

•PROVIDING LAB COATS, GOWNS, FACE AND RESPIRATORY

•PROHIBITING EATING, DRINKING, SMOKING AND APPLYING

•LABELING ALL BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIAL AND

•PROVIDING FREE IMMUNIZATION FOR HBV

•ESTABLISHING A DAILY DISINFECTION PROTOCOL FOR

•PROVIDING MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP FOR EMPLOYEES WHO

•DOCUMENTING REGULAR TRAINING IN SAFETY

USE PUNCTURE-RESISTANT CONTAINERS

DO NOT RECAP DIRECTING THE POINT OF THE

IF WITH SKIN CONTACT OCCURS, FLUSH THE

•KNOW THE LOCATION AND PROPER USE OF

•NO ATTEMPT SHOULD BE MADE TO NEUTRALIZE

•CHEMICALS MUST BE ADDED IN ORDER

•ACID SHOULD ALWAYS BE ADDED TO WATER

•APPROPRIATE WORK PRACTICES

•STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

•ENGINEERING CONTROLS, SUCH AS FUME

•EMPLOYEE TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

•MEDICAL CONSULTATION GUIDELINES

•PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

•FIRE AND EXPLOSION MATERIAL

•HEALTH HAZARDS AND EMERGENCY FIRST AID

•METHODS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL

•ENCOUNTERED WHEN USING

•RADIOISOTOPESCUMULATIVE RELATED TO THE

EQUIPMENTS SHOULD NOT OPERATED WITH WET

TURN OFF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER, UNPLUG THE

FLAMMABLE DRY CHEMICALS,

COMBUSTIBLE SAND OR DRY

•AVOID RUNNING IN ROOMS AND HALLWAYS

•WATCH FOR WET FLOORS

•BEND THE KNEES WHEN LIFTING HEAVY OBJECTS

•KEEP LONG HAIR PULLED BACK

•AVOID DANGLING JEWELRY

•MAINTAIN CLEAN AND ORGANIZED WORK AREA

PREPARE FOR A QUIZ

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