ONLINE AUCTION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

The Online Auction System is a dynamic web application tailored to streamline the
process of buying and selling goods and services through an internet-based interface. This
digital platform empowers users to create detailed listings for items they aim to sell, establish
initial prices, and entertain bids from potential buyers within a specified timeframe. Core
functionalities encompass secure payment processing, real-time bidding capabilities, item
categorization for easy navigation, and robust user authentication protocols. By harnessing
this technology, auctions become more efficient, transparent, and accessible, fostering a
broader market reach and elevating the trading experience for both sellers and buyers. At its
essence, the Online Auction System revolutionizes traditional auction mechanisms by
seamlessly integrating them into the digital realm. Through its intuitive interface and
comprehensive features, the platform empowers individuals and businesses alike to engage in
secure and transparent transactions. By facilitating real-time bidding and providing robust
authentication measures, the system ensures the integrity of each transaction while expanding
market accessibility. Ultimately, this technology not only enhances the efficiency of auctions
but also democratizes the trading process, fostering a more inclusive and dynamic
marketplace for all participants.
 1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction of the proposed online auction system marks a significant departure
from traditional auctioning practices, harnessing the transformative potential of web
technology to forge a dynamic and streamlined platform for buyers and sellers alike. This
innovative system represents a paradigm shift in the way auctions are conducted, offering a
seamless and efficient interface that transcends geographical barriers and time constraints. By
integrating distinct modules such as Bidder Login, Seller Login, and Admin Login, the
platform caters to the diverse needs of stakeholders, fostering enhanced user engagement and
satisfaction. At its core, the proposed online auction system seeks to revolutionize the online
commerce landscape by prioritizing transparency, trust, and efficiency. Through advanced
features like report generation and SMS notifications, the platform not only ensures a level
playing field for all participants but also cultivates a sense of accountability and reliability
throughout the auctioning process. By embracing these innovative functionalities, the system
endeavors to redefine the traditional notions of buying and selling, empowering users to
navigate the digital marketplace with confidence and ease

1.2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software Requirements

Specification) is a document or set of documentation that describes the features and
behaviour of a system or software application.
1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
 processor - Pentium – IV
 RAM - 4 GB (min)
 Hard Disk - 20 GB

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

• Operating System : Windows 7 or 8
• Frontend :HTML,CSS
• Backend : python

SOFTWARE FEATURES

OVERVIEW OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows 7 and 8 are popular operating systems developed by Microsoft. They

provide users with a user-friendly interface and a wide range of features to enhance
productivity and performance. Both systems offer robust security measures, efficient file
management, and compatibility with various software applications. Windows 7 introduced
the Aero interface and improved taskbar functionality, while Windows 8 brought significant
changes with its touch-centric interface and integration of app-based navigation alongside
traditional desktop usage. Despite differences in appearance and functionality, both Windows
7 and 8 aim to provide users with a stable and reliable computing experience, catering to the
needs of individuals and businesses alike.

LANG

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) serves as the backbone of web pages, providing the
structure and content for displaying information on the internet. It utilizes a system of tags to
define different elements such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links. HTML documents
consist of nested elements arranged in a hierarchical structure, with each element contributing
to the overall layout and functionality of the webpage. By incorporating HTML, web
developers can create well-organized and semantically meaningful content that is accessible
across various devices and browsers.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) complements HTML by controlling the presentation and
appearance of web pages. It enables developers to apply styles such as colors, fonts, spacing,
and layout to HTML elements, enhancing the visual appeal and user experience of the
website. CSS employs selectors to target specific HTML elements and apply styling rules,
allowing for precise customization and design flexibility. By separating content from
presentation, CSS promotes clean and maintainable code, facilitating easier updates and
modifications to the website's appearance. Additionally, CSS supports responsive design
techniques, enabling websites to adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes and devices,
ensuring a consistent and optimized viewing experience for users.

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

PYTHON TECHNOLOGY:

Python is an interpreter, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It

supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and
functional programming. Python is often described as a "batteries included" language due to
its comprehensive standard library.

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was created by
Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python Software Foundation. It was
designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express
their concepts in fewer lines of code. Python is a programming language that lets you work
quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.

Why to use Python:

Python is object-oriented

Structure supports such concepts as polymorphism, operation overloading andmultiple

inheritance.

Indentation

 Indentation is one of the greatest feature in python

 It’s free (open source)
 Downloading python and installing python is free and easy
Powerful

 Dynamic typing
 Built-in types and tools
 Library utilities
 Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, sciPy)
 Automatic memory management

Portable

 Python runs virtually every major platform used today

 As long as you have a compaitable python interpreter installed, python programs will
run in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.

Easy to use and learn

 No intermediate compile
 Python Programs are compiled automatically to an intermediate form called
 byte code, which the interpreter then reads.
 This gives python the development speed of an interpreter without the
 performance loss inherent in purely interpreted languages.
 Structure and syntax are pretty intuitive and easy to grasp.

Interpreted Language

Python is processed at runtime by python Interpreter

Interactive Programming Language

Users can interact with the python interpreter directly for writing the programs

Straight forward syntax

The formation of python syntax is simple and straight forward which also makes itpopular.

INSTALLATION:

There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like IDLE (Integrated

Development Environment) which is installed when you install the python software
from

Steps to be followed and remembered:

Step 1: Select Version of Python to Install.

Step 2: Download Python Executable Installer.

Step 3: Run Executable Installer.

Step 4: Verify Python Was Installed On Windows.

Step 5: Verify Pip Was Installed.

Step 6: Add Python Path to Environment Variables (Optional)

Python Basic Syntax

There is no use of curly braces or semicolon in Python programming language. It is English-

like language. But Python uses the indentation to define a block of code. Indentation is
nothing but adding whitespace before the statement when it is needed.

deffunc():

statement 1

statement 2

…………………

…………………

statement N

In the above example, the statements that are the same level to the right belong to the
function. Generally, we can use four whitespaces to define indentation. Instead of Semicolon
as used in other languages, Python ends its statements with a NewLine character. Python is a
case-sensitive language, which means that uppercase and lowercase letters are treated
differently. For example, 'name' and 'Name' are two different variables in Python.

In Python, comments can be added using the '#' symbol. Any text written after the '#' symbol
is considered a comment and is ignored by the interpreter. This trick is useful for adding
notes to the code or temporarily disabling a code block. It also helps in understanding the
code better by some other developers. 'If', 'otherwise', 'for', 'while', 'try', 'except', and 'finally'
are a few reserved keywords in Python that cannot be used as variable names. These terms
are used in the language for particular reasons and have fixed meanings. If you use these
keywords, your code may include errors, or the interpreter may reject them as potential new
Variables.

PYTHON MYFILE.PY

Working with the interactive mode is better when Python programmers deal with small
pieces of code as you can type and execute them immediately, but when the code is more
than 2-4 lines, using the script for coding can help to modify and use the code in future.

Data types:

The data stored in memory can be of many types. For example, a student roll number is
stored as a numeric value and his or her address is stored as alphanumeric characters. Python
has various standard data types that are used to define the operations possible on them and the
storage method for each of them.

Working with Python

Python’s traditional runtime execution model: Source code you type is translated to byte
code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine (PVM). Your code is automatically
compiled, but then it is interpreted.

There are two modes for using the Python interpreter:

• Interactive Mode
• Script Mode

Running Python in interactive mode:

Without passing python script file to the interpreter, directly execute code to Python prompt.

Once you’re inside the python interpreter, then you can start.

>>>print("hello world")

hello world

# Relevant output is displayed on subsequent lines without the >>> symbol

>>> x=[0,1,2]

# Quantities stored in memory are not displayed by default.

>>>x

#If a quantity is stored in memory, typing its name will display it.

[0, 1, 2]

>>> 2+3

BROAD APPLICATION

It is used for the broadest spectrum of activities and applications for nearly all possible
industries. It ranges from simple automation tasks to gaming, web development, and even
complex enterprise systems. These are the areas where this technology is still the king with
no or little competence:

 Machine learning as it has a plethora of libraries implementing machine learning

algorithms.
 Web development as it provides back end for a website or an app.
 Cloud computing as Python is also known to be among one of the most popular
cloud-enabled languages even used by Google in numerous enterprise-level software
apps.
 Scripting.
  Desktop GUI applications.
Python compiler

The Python compiler package is a tool for analyzing Python source code and
generating Python bytecode. The compiler contains libraries to generate an abstract syntax
tree from Python source code and to generate Python bytecode from the tree.

The compiler package is a Python source to bytecode translator written in Python. It

uses the built-in parser and standard parser module to generate a concrete syntax tree. This
tree is used to generate an abstract syntax tree (AST) and then Python bytecode.

The full functionality of the package duplicates the built-in compiler provided with
the Python interpreter. It is intended to match its behavior almost exactly. Why implement
another compiler that does the same thing? The package is useful for a variety of purposes. It
can be modified more easily than the built-in compiler. The AST it generates is useful for
analysing Python source code.
 CHAPTER 2

SYSTEM STUDY

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The current auction system operates under manual processes, which often entail
physical gatherings or phone-based bidding. Sellers rely on traditional advertising methods
like printed materials or word of mouth, resulting in limited exposure and accessibility for
their items. Similarly, bidders are constrained to attending auctions in person or making
phone calls to place bids, a time-consuming and restrictive process. Moreover, administrative
tasks such as ad moderation and reporting are managed manually, consuming significant time
and resources. Communication with participants regarding bid outcomes is typically
conducted through phone calls or emails, lacking real-time updates and efficiency. These
inefficiencies underscore the necessity for a more streamlined and automated approach to
revolutionize the auctioning process.An automated auctioning system can address the
shortcomings of the current manual setup. By leveraging digital platforms and technologies,
sellers can reach a wider audience through online advertisements and listings, enhancing the
visibility and accessibility of their items. Bidders would benefit from the convenience of
placing bids remotely via user-friendly interfaces, reducing time constraints and expanding
participation. Administrative tasks can be automated, improving efficiency and freeing up
resources for more strategic endeavors. Real-time updates and notifications can be integrated
into the system, facilitating seamless communication with participants and ensuring timely
bid outcomes. Embracing automation not only enhances the efficiency and reach of the
auction process but also modernizes it to meet the demands of today's dynamic marketplace.

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS

• Time-consuming

• Sellers physically post advertisements in newspapers, bulletin boards, or public

spaces.

• Lack of transparency: Bidding process may not be well-documented or easily

accessible to all participants.
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed online auction system represents a comprehensive and innovative

solution poised to transform the landscape of buying and selling goods through digital
auctions. By offering a user-friendly interface equipped with distinct modules tailored to
different user roles, including bidders, sellers, and administrators, the platform ensures a
seamless and efficient experience for all participants. With features like Bidder Login, users
can effortlessly browse a diverse array of products available for bidding and place their bids
with ease, while Seller Login empowers sellers to list their items for auction and manage their
listings efficiently, setting starting prices and overseeing their auctions effortlessly. The
Admin Login module further enhances the platform's functionality by providing
administrators with the tools needed to monitor and moderate the system, ensuring the
integrity of listings and user interactions. Moreover, the system incorporates robust
functionalities such as report generation, equipping administrators with valuable insights into
auction activities and user engagement. Additionally, SMS notifications play a pivotal role in
enhancing communication by delivering real-time updates on bid outcomes to participants,
fostering transparency and trust within the digital marketplace. By combining a seamless
interface with advanced features, the proposed system aims to streamline the auction process,
cultivate confidence among users, and facilitate efficient transactions, ultimately driving the
evolution of the digital auctioning landscape.

2.2.1 FEATURES

• In this enables participation in auctions from anywhere with internet access.

• The facilitates global engagement, reaching a wider audience of buyers and sellers.

• Offers a user-friendly interface for easy browsing, bidding, and listing of items.

• In this provides real-time updates on bidding activity and bid outcomes, fostering trust
among participants.

• The administrative tasks such as ad moderation and report generation, saving time and
resources.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
 3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 FILE DESIGN

The file design of the proposed online auction system is meticulously crafted to
ensure efficient data management and seamless operation. It encompasses various aspects,
including database structure, file organization, and access protocols, all aimed at optimizing
performance and enhancing user experience. The database structure is designed to
accommodate the diverse data needs of the platform, with tables logically organized to store
information related to users, products, bids, transactions, and administrative functions.
Additionally, file organization follows a systematic approach, with files structured in a
hierarchical manner for easy access and retrieval. Access protocols are implemented to
regulate user permissions and ensure data security, safeguarding sensitive information and
preserving the integrity of the system. Furthermore, the file design prioritizes scalability and
flexibility to accommodate future growth and adapt to evolving needs. By implementing
efficient indexing techniques and normalization principles, the database structure can scale
seamlessly as the platform expands, supporting increased user activity and data volume
without sacrificing performance. File organization strategies are designed to facilitate quick
retrieval and manipulation of data, minimizing latency and enhancing user responsiveness.
Additionally, access protocols are continuously monitored and updated to adhere to best
practices in data security and compliance, ensuring that the system remains resilient against
potential threats and vulnerabilities. Overall, the file design of the online auction system is a
critical component of its architecture, underpinning its functionality and reliability in
delivering a superior auctioning experience to users.
3.2 INPUT DESIGN

The input design of the online auction system is meticulously crafted to ensure user-
friendliness, accuracy, and efficiency. It encompasses various forms and interfaces through
which users interact with the system to input data and commands. For instance, user
registration forms and login screens provide intuitive entry points for users to create accounts
or access their profiles securely. Additionally, product listing forms empower sellers to input
detailed information about items they wish to auction, including descriptions, images, and
starting prices. Bid submission interfaces enable bidders to place their bids effortlessly, with
clear instructions and prompts guiding them through the process.

These input designs prioritize simplicity and clarity, minimizing the risk of errors and
enhancing the overall user experience. Furthermore, the input design incorporates validation
mechanisms to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data entered into the system. For
example, input fields may be equipped with validation rules to enforce data formats, such as
email addresses or numerical values, reducing the likelihood of invalid entries. Error
messages and feedback mechanisms provide users with timely guidance in case of input
errors, helping them correct mistakes and proceed with their tasks smoothly. Moreover, input
design considerations extend to accessibility features, ensuring that users with diverse needs
and preferences can interact with the system effectively. By combining intuitive interfaces
with robust validation mechanisms, the input design of the online auction system aims to
facilitate seamless data entry and interaction for all users, ultimately enhancing usability and
satisfaction.

3.3 OUTPUT DESIGN

The output design of the online auction system focuses on delivering relevant, timely,
and visually appealing information to users in various formats. It encompasses the
presentation of auction listings, bid updates, notifications, reports, and other critical data
outputs. For instance, produced listings are displayed in a clear and organized manner,
presenting essential details such as product descriptions, current bids, and remaining time,
enabling users to make informed decisions. Bid updates and notifications are delivered
promptly to users via email, SMS, or within the platform interface, ensuring timely
communication of bid outcomes and updates on auction status.
 These outputs are designed to be user-friendly and accessible across different devices
and screen sizes, optimizing the user experience. Moreover, the output design incorporates
features to enhance data visualization and interpretation, such as interactive charts, graphs,
and dashboards. Reports generated for administrators offer insights into auction activities,
user engagement, and performance metrics, presented in visually appealing formats that
facilitate analysis and decision-making. Additionally, outputs are customizable to
accommodate user preferences and requirements, allowing users to tailor their experience and
access the information most relevant to them. Overall, the output design of the online auction
system aims to deliver a seamless and engaging user experience by presenting information
effectively, facilitating informed decision-making, and enhancing user satisfaction.

3.3 DATABASE DESIGN

The database design of the online auction system is structured to efficiently store,
organize, and retrieve data essential for its operation. It comprises several interconnected
tables, each representing a distinct entity such as users, products, bids, transactions, and
administrative functions. These tables are normalized to minimize redundancy and maintain
data integrity, ensuring that updates or modifications to one part of the database do not result
in inconsistencies elsewhere. For instance, the users table stores information about registered
users, including their usernames, passwords, contact details, and roles. Similarly, the products
table contains details about items available for auction, such as product names, descriptions,
images, and starting prices.

The database design also incorporates relationships between tables through primary
and foreign key constraints, facilitating data retrieval and maintaining referential integrity.
For instance, the bids table may reference both the users and products tables, linking each bid
to the corresponding bidder and product. Additionally, indexes are implemented to optimize
query performance, enabling swift retrieval of data even as the database grows in size.
Furthermore, the database design considers security measures such as access controls and
encryption to safeguard sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. Overall, the
database design of the online auction system is meticulously crafted to ensure reliability,
efficiency, and scalability, laying a robust foundation for the system's functionality and
performance.
3.5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

The system development process for the online auction platform outlined in the paper entails
several key stages, each crucial for the successful implementation of the proposed system.
Initially, the development team conducts thorough requirements analysis, collaborating
closely with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations. This involves defining
functional and non-functional requirements, such as user roles, system features, performance
criteria, and security measures. Subsequently, the team proceeds with system design,
translating the gathered requirements into a comprehensive architectural blueprint. This
includes designing the database schema, user interfaces, system modules, and integration
points. Iterative development methodologies like Agile may be employed to facilitate
continuous feedback and adaptation throughout the development lifecycle, ensuring
alignment with stakeholder expectations and evolving market demands.

The development team commences the implementation phase, where they translate
the design specifications into functional code. This involves writing, testing, and debugging
software components, including front-end interfaces, back-end logic, and database
interactions. Robust coding practices and quality assurance processes are employed to ensure
the reliability, security, and performance of the system. Concurrently, integration testing and
user acceptance testing are conducted to validate system functionality and address any
identified issues promptly. Once development is complete, the system undergoes deployment,
where it is installed, configured, and made accessible to end-users. Post-deployment, ongoing
maintenance and support activities are carried out to address bugs, implement enhancements,
and ensure the continued reliability and usability of the online auction platform. Throughout
the entire system development process, effective communication, collaboration, and
adherence to best practices are paramount to delivering a high-quality, robust, and user-
friendly solution that meets the needs of both sellers and buyers in the digital auction
marketplace.

3.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF MODULES

MODULE LIST

 Bidder
 Seller
 Admin
  Report Generation
 SMS Notification

MODULEDESCRIPTION

Bidder:This module serves as the entry point for buyers or product bidders to access the
auction platform. Users can browse through a curated list of products available for bidding,
view detailed product information, and place bids on desired items. Bidder Login offers a
user-friendly interface, facilitating seamless participation in the auction process.

Seller:Designed for sellers, this module enables users to list their products for auction on the
platform. Sellers can upload product details, including descriptions, images, and starting
prices, to attract potential buyers. Seller Login streamlines the process of showcasing
products and managing auction listings, empowering sellers to maximize the visibility and
reach of their offerings.

Admin: This module grants administrators access to the backend of the auction platform,
providing tools and functionalities to oversee and manage various aspects of the system.
Administrators have the authority to delete fake or unwanted ads, ensuring the integrity and
quality of listings. Admin Login plays a crucial role in maintaining a trustworthy and reliable
marketplace environment.

Report Generation: With this module, administrators can generate comprehensive reports
detailing various aspects of the auction platform's activities. These reports may include
information about products up for bidding, user engagement metrics, and other relevant
statistics. Report Generation equips administrators with valuable insights to make informed
decisions and optimize the performance of the auction platform.

SMS Notification: This module enhances communication by sending SMS notifications to

auction participants, informing them of bid outcomes in real-time. Winners and losers receive
notifications confirming whether they have won or lost the bid, ensuring transparency and
timely updates. SMS Notification facilitates efficient communication and enhances user
engagement within the auctioning process.
 CHAPTER 4

TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

TESTING

System testing is a crucial phase in the software development life cycle (SDLC) that
involves testing the entire software system as a whole. Its primary purpose is to ensure that
all components of the system function correctly and meet specified requirements. System
testing is performed after integration testing and before acceptance testing. During system
testing, the software is tested in an environment that closely resembles the production
environment, and it aims to validate the system's compliance with the specified requirements.
It focuses on verifying both functional and non-functional aspects of the system, such as
performance, reliability, security, and usability.
I
n
t
e
S
U
yg
n
sr
i
A
ta
t
cet
cm
i
t
eo
e
ptn
s
te
t
ast
i
nte
n
cis
g
ent
gi
tn
eg
s
t
i
n
g

Unit Testing:

Unit testing is the process of testing individual components or units of a software application
in isolation. The goal is to ensure that each unit performs as expected. This type of testing is
typically automated and focuses on testing the smallest parts of the codebase, such as
functions, methods, or classes. Unit tests are written by developers to verify that their code
behaves correctly under various inputs and conditions. By isolating units from the rest of the
system, developers can quickly identify and fix bugs, leading to more reliable and
maintainable software.
Integration Testing:

Integration testing is the process of testing the interfaces and interactions between different
components or modules of a software application. The goal is to ensure that the integrated
units work together as intended. Integration tests focus on verifying that the individual units,
which have already been tested independently, can communicate and function correctly when
combined. This type of testing helps uncover issues such as incompatible interfaces, data
flow problems, and communication errors between modules. Integration testing can be
performed at different levels, including module-to-module integration, subsystem integration,
and system integration, depending on the complexity of the application.

Validation Testing:

Validation testing, also known as system testing, is the process of evaluating a complete and
integrated software system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and performs its
intended functions correctly. Unlike unit and integration testing, which focus on testing
individual components or interactions, validation testing assesses the entire system's behavior
against user expectations and business needs. This type of testing involves executing various
test cases, scenarios, and user workflows to validate the system's functionality, performance,
reliability, usability, and security. Validation testing is typically performed by dedicated
testing teams or end-users in a real or simulated environment that closely resembles the
production environment.

User Acceptance Testing (UAT):

User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is the final phase of testing performed to validate that a
software system meets the requirements and expectations of its end-users or stakeholders.
The primary objective of UAT is to ensure that the software behaves as intended and fulfills
its intended purpose from the perspective of the users. During UAT, real users or
representatives from the target audience execute predefined test cases, scenarios, and
workflows to assess the software's usability, functionality, and overall user experience. Any
discrepancies or issues identified during UAT are documented, reported, and addressed
before the software is released for production use. UAT helps mitigate the risk of deploying
software that does not meet user needs or expectations, thereby improving user satisfaction
and reducing post-release defects.
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

System implementation involves the process of translating the design specifications of

the online auction platform into a functional and operational system. This phase encompasses
various tasks, including software development, database setup, user interface design, and
integration of modules. Developers work to build and configure the system according to
predefined requirements, ensuring that it meets the needs of users and stakeholders. Testing
procedures are conducted to identify and rectify any bugs or issues, ensuring the system's
reliability and performance. Once the system is deemed ready for deployment, it undergoes a
rollout phase where it is launched to users, accompanied by training sessions and support
resources to facilitate adoption. Throughout the implementation process, project management
methodologies are employed to ensure timelines are met, resources are allocated effectively,
and communication channels remain open between all parties involved.
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the implementation of the online auction system heralds a new era in e-
commerce, promising to revolutionize the way auctions are conducted and experienced. By
offering a user-friendly interface and a comprehensive suite of functionalities tailored to
diverse user roles, the system seeks to elevate transparency, trust, and convenience in the
auctioning process. Through features such as bid placement, product posting, administrative
oversight, and real-time communication enhancements like SMS notifications, the system
addresses longstanding challenges inherent in traditional auction mechanisms. Harnessing the
power of web technology, this platform not only streamlines the auction process but also
fosters global participation and exchange, opening up new opportunities for buyers and
sellers worldwide. In essence, the online auction system represents a significant leap forward
in modernizing and optimizing the auction experience for the digital age, promising greater
efficiency, accessibility, and engagement in the ever-evolving landscape of online commerce.
5.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 “The Auction Book: 1999 Guide to Online Auctions”Arden Snyder

 “Selling and Bidding in Internet Auctions”BarboraMakova
 “Online Bidding Auctions”Richard J. Todd
 “Auction Bids and Tenders”M L BHARGAVA
 “Online Book Bidding/Reselling Website”ParthKulkarni,

Website Refer

 https://www.myadvo.in/blog/online-auction-and-bidding-in-india
 https://www.simform.com/blog/how-do-online-auctions-work/
 APPENDICES

A.DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Level 0

Admin Product details Management

product

Web development Bid price and

produce details

Level 1

User Product details Product types

Bid price details Product

description
Level 2

Bidder View product Price and product

details description details view

Buy product
B.TABLE STRUCTURE

DATABASE NAME – ONLINE ATTENDENCE

TABLE NAME – ADMIN

FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION

ActionID INT(200) Unique identifier for each admin action.
AdminID INT(200) ID of the admin performing the action.
Producttype varchar(200) In this product in details and category

Productmanage varchar(200) Manage the price and other details

TABLE NAME – USER

FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION

UserID INT(200) Unique identifier for each user.

Username VARCHAR(200) User's username for login and
identification.
Password VARCHAR(200) Encrypted password for user
authentication.
ProductID INT ID of the product involved in the
transaction.
BuyerID INT ID of the buyer in the transaction.
SellerID INT ID of the seller in the transaction.
TABLE NAME – PRODUCT

FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION

ProductID INT Unique identifier for each product.

ProductName VARCHAR Name of the product being auctioned.
Description TEXT Detailed description of the product.
StartingPrice DECIMAL Initial price set for bidding on the product.

TABLE NAME – BID

FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION

BidID INT Unique identifier for each bid.

ProductID INT ID of the product being bid on.

UserID INT ID of the user placing the bid.

BidAmount DECIMAL Amount bid by the user on the product.