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Introduction:
Electricity is the set of phenomena resulting from stationary or moving electric

charges. Static charges produce electric fields that can influence surrounding
objects, while moving charges create magnetic fields. The study of electricity is
divided into several branches, including electrostatics for electrified bodies
without current, electrokinetics for the study of electric currents,
electrodynamics for the interactions between electric currents,
electromagnetism for the analysis of interactions between magnets and
currents, electronics for the exchange of information through the granular
structure of electricity, and electrochemistry for the transformations of
electrical energy into chemical energy and vice versa.
WORK GOALS:
*Study of the current potential trajectory between two conductors and the
equipotential tracery.
*Study the electric field qualitatively and deduce the drawing of the field lines
between two conductors (plane and cylindrical).
*Check the relationship between the potential and the field.
Theoretical part:
Definitions:
The electric field is a vector field created by electrically charged particles that can
change the local properties of about space, giving rise to the notion of a field.
The electric potential represents the work required to carry a charge from infinity
to an electric field point to be studied.
A field line is the path we just followed from a point and following the vectors.
A field line is always orthogonal to the equipotential of the same field.
An equipotential surface is where the potential has a constant value.

Laws to Use:
Practical part:
Materials to use:
- 12V generator
-Voltmeter
-Verre en pyrex
Potential Measurement Probe
-Plane electrodes
Experimental set-up:
Manipulation 1:
In a Rheographic cellar filled with tap water, we positioned two flat conductors
(metal plates) so that they touch the bottom of the cellar. Each plate is
connected to a terminal of an electrical generator, one to the neutral and the
other to the phase.
By setting the multimeter selector to the 20 V~ position and the voltage source
to the 12 V~ position, and using a single-wire probe connected to a multimeter,
we measured the voltage between the two metal plates placed in the
Rheographic cellar filled with tap water, by pressing the Generator Start button,
in accordance with the following operations:
A. Qualitative observations:
1) When we used the single-wire probe connected to the multimeter to

measure the voltage between the two metal plates placed in the
Rheographic cellar filled with tap water, the multimeter displayed a
value of 0 V~. However, we measured a voltage of 10 V by touching the
probe on the negatively charged plate, and sliding it along the positively
charged plate. This difference in measured voltage is explained by the
presence of an alternating current flowing between the two metal
plates.
2) By moving the probe perpendicular to the two metal plates, we
observed that the electric potential increases steadily from the
negatively charged plate to the positively charged plate, until it reaches
the value of 10 V.
3) We also found that the electrical potential remained constant when we
moved the probe parallel to the two metal plates.
B. Wire tracing:
1) Tracing of equities:
2) Equipotentials form roughly straight lines;

And one knows that the Lines from field
are Perpendicular equipotentials;
Another property of the electric field is that the direction of the electric
field is always equivalent to the direction of potential decrease.
So the field lines would be as follows:
1) The average electric fields that can be determined are:
E⃗⃗avg
C. Wire tracing:
1) Complete the table:
x(cm) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(x) (Volt) 0 0.55 1.4 2.2 3 3.95 4.7 5.55 6.4 7.15 8.2
2) Tracing the graph V(x):
V(volt)
9
V(volt)
4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
3) We can see that the graph is a straight line of the equation of the form:
y = Ax + B
As B = 0 (passes through the origin);
Procedure 2:
Wire plotting and field lines:
1) Draw the equipotential lines:
2) Derive from field rows:

As V increases from the center to the outside of the circle, then the direction of E will
be from the outside to the center:
4) The average electric fields that can be deduced are:
Procedure 3:
Conclusion:
There are lines called equipotential lines that are located between two
positively and negatively charged conductors, whether they are flat or
cylindrical. On these lines, the potential is constant, which corresponds to
straight lines parallel to the two plane conductors and concentric circles with
the two cylindrical conductors. In addition, the field inside the two loaded
conductors, whether flat or cylindrical, remains constant.

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Introduction:

Electricity is the set of phenomena resulting from stationary or moving electric

An equipotential surface is where the potential has a constant value.

1) When we used the single-wire probe connected to the multimeter to

2) Equipotentials form roughly straight lines;

1) Complete the table:

2) Tracing the graph V(x):

1) Draw the equipotential lines:

2) Derive from field rows:

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