INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 11323

Third edition
2010-06-01

Iron ore and direct reduced iron —

Vocabulary
Minerais de fer et minerais de fer préréduits — Vocabulaire

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Reference number
ISO 11323:2010(E)

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ISO 11323:2010(E)

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© ISO 2010
The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction
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Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv

1 Scope............................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references..................................................................................................................................1

3 Natural and processed iron ore .................................................................................................................1

4 Direct reduced iron .....................................................................................................................................3

5 Sampling ......................................................................................................................................................3

6 Particle size analysis/Moisture determination .........................................................................................7

7 Physical testing .........................................................................................................................................10

8 Chemical analysis .....................................................................................................................................14

Annex A (informative) General statistical terms in TC 102 standards ........................................................17

Annex B (informative) List of equivalent terms in English, French, Japanese, Chinese and
Portuguese.................................................................................................................................................19

Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................28

Alphabetical index............................................................................................................................................30
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 11323 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 102, Iron ore and direct reduced iron.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11323:2002), which has been technically
revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11323:2010(E)

Iron ore and direct reduced iron — Vocabulary

1 Scope
This International Standard gives the definitions for terms used in TC 102 standards for sampling, sample
preparation, moisture and particle size analysis and physical testing of iron ore and direct reduced iron. Some
specific analytical terms used in the relevant International Standards are also included.

2 Normative references
The following reference documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated dated references, the latest edition of the reference
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 565:1990, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal
sizes of openings

ISO 3310-1:2000, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1:Test sieves of metal wire cloth

ISO 3310-2:1999, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 2:Test sieves of perforated metal
plate iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
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3 Natural and processed iron oreISO 11323:2010
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3.1
iron ore
b7bf0302e8bb/iso-11323-2010
any rocks, minerals or aggregates of minerals, natural or processed, from which iron can be produced
commercially
NOTE The principal ferriferous minerals occurring in iron ore either singly or severally are the following:

a) red, brown and specular hematites, martite and maghemite;

b) magnetite;

c) hydrated iron oxides, including goethite, limonite and limnite;

d) iron carbonates, including siderite or chalybite, ankerite and other mixed carbonates;

e) roasted iron pyrites or pyrite cinders;

f) ferrites (e.g. calcium ferrite) occurring sometimes in natural ores, but mainly in fluxed pellets and sinters.

Also included are manganiferous iron ore and concentrates that contain not more than 8 % manganese by mass (dry
basis after heating to 105 °C).

Excluded are finely ground ferriferous minerals used for pigments, glazes, dense medium suspension and other materials
not related to iron- and steel-making.

3.2
natural iron ore
ores as extracted from mines and not subjected to any processes of beneficiation other than sizing
NOTE Such ores are also called direct shipping ores or run-of-mine ores.

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ISO 11323:2010(E)

3.3
lump ore
ore lump
ores consisting of coarse particles, with a specified lower size limit in the range of 10 mm to 6,3 mm

3.4
sized ores
ores that have been prepared to meet specific size limits

3.5
fine ores
ore fines
ores consisting entirely of small particles, with specified upper size limits in the range of 10 mm to 6,3 mm

3.6
processed ores
ores treated by physical or chemical processes to make them more suitable for the subsequent production of
iron and steel
NOTE The main purposes of processing include the following:

a) raising the iron content;

b) decreasing slag-forming constituents;

c) decreasing harmful impurities, such as phosphorus, arsenic or sulfur compounds;

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d) adjusting size distribution;
(standards.iteh.ai)
e) improving metallurgical behaviour of the metallic furnace burden.
ISO 11323:2010
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processed ores (3.6) in which the percentage iron content has been raised

3.8
agglomerates
processed ores (3.6) formed into coherent pieces which are substantially larger than the original
particles (6.1)
NOTE The industrial processes for making agglomerates include sintering and pelletizing.

3.9
sinter
type of agglomerates (3.8) made from fine ores (3.5) by means of forced draught combustion of an admixed
fuel
NOTE Sinter forms through adhesion between particles due to superficial melting, diffusion and recrystallization. Sinters
may be acid, fluxed or super-fluxed according to their acid and basic oxide contents.

3.10
pellets
spherical agglomerates (3.8) formed by balling fine ores (3.5), usually finer than 100 µm, with various
additives followed sometimes by hot or cold bonding induration
NOTE Pellets may be acid, partially fluxed, fluxed or super-fluxed, according to their acid and basic oxide contents.

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3.11
hot bonded pellet
fired pellet
pellets (3.10) hardened by sintering at temperatures higher than 1 200°C
NOTE Pellets hardened with cement without sintering are termed cold bonded pellets.

4 Direct reduced iron

4.1
direct reduced iron
DRI
high grade feed for iron- and steel-making obtained from the reduction of natural or processed iron ores,
without reaching the melting temperature
NOTE DRI includes metallized products that have been further processed by hot or cold briquetting.

4.2
briquettes
product formed by compressing direct reduced iron (4.1) in moulds

4.3
hot briquetted iron
HBI
direct reduced iron (4.1) briquetted at a temperature greater than 650 °C and having an
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apparent density (7.1.2) greater than 5 g/cm3
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4.4
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cold briquetted iron
CBI ISO 11323:2010
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direct reduced iron (4.1) briquetted at a temperature lower than 650 °C and having an
g/cm3
apparent density (7.1.2) lower than 5b7bf0302e8bb/iso-11323-2010

5 Sampling
5.1
lot
discrete and defined quantity of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1) for which quality characteristics
are to be assessed

5.2
strata
approximately equal parts of a lot (5.1) based on time, mass or space
NOTE Examples of strata include production periods (e.g. 5 min), production masses (e.g. 1 000 t), holds in vessels,
wagons in a train, containers and trucks representing a lot.

5.3
sample
relatively small quantity of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1), so taken from a lot (5.1) as to be
representative in respect of the quality characteristics to be assessed

5.4
gross sample
sample (5.3) comprising all increments (5.9), entirely representative of all quality characteristics of a lot (5.1)

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5.5
partial sample
sample (5.3) comprising less than the complete number of increments (5.9) needed for a gross
sample (5.4)

5.6
test sample
sample (5.3) prepared to meet all specific conditions for a test

5.7
test portion
part of a test sample (5.6) that is actually and entirely subjected to the specific test

5.8
reserve sample
spare sample kept for use in case of additional tests or umpire judgment

5.9
increment
quantity of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1) taken in a single operation of a device for sampling or
sample division (5.16)

5.10
cut
amount of material taken in a single traverse of a sample cutter through a stream, bed or stratum of iron
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ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1), or such movement of the sample cutter

5.11 (standards.iteh.ai)
sampling regime
collection plan for constituting a sample (5.3) that defines the number of, mass of and interval between
increments (5.9)
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sampling scheme
methodical and detailed sequence of all sampling stages (5.14), defining successive sampling operations
and all associated steps of preparation and division

5.13
sampling procedure
instructions specifying the operational requirements of a particular sampling scheme (5.12)

5.14
sampling stage
single sample division (5.16) operation, together with any associated sample preparation (5.15)

5.15
sample preparation
process of rendering a sample (5.3) suitable for the determination of specified quality characteristics
NOTE Preparation can include various processes, such as drying, mixing, sieving, sample division or comminution,
which may be employed at several stages of sampling.

5.16
sample division
any procedure, without comminution, to decrease the mass of any sample (5.3) or increment (5.9) retained
at any sampling stage (5.14)
NOTE Division should be controlled so that each divided sample or the total sum of the divided increments remains
representative of the lot for the specific purposes of the tests.

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5.17
proportional mass division
division of samples (5.3) or increments (5.9) such that the mass of each retained divided portion is a fixed
proportion of the mass being divided

5.18
constant mass division
division of sample (5.3) or increments (5.9) such that the retained divided portions are of almost uniform
mass, irrespective of variations in mass of the samples or increments divided
NOTE 1 This method is required for sampling on a mass basis.

NOTE 2 “Almost uniform” means that variations in mass are less than 20 % in terms of the coefficient of variation.

5.19
minimum mass of divided gross sample
minimum mass of a gross sample (5.4) necessary for determining its quality characteristics to a certain
precision (5.36), dependent on the particle size (6.2) of the sample and the required measurement precision

5.20
split use of sample
separate use of parts of a sample (5.3), as test samples (5.6) for separate determinations of quality
characteristics

5.21
multiple use of sample
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use of a sample (5.3) in its entirety for the determination of one quality characteristic, followed by the use of
the same sample in its entirety for the determination of one or more other quality characteristics
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5.22
interleaved samples ISO 11323:2010
samples (5.3) constituted by placing consecutive primary increments (5.9) alternately into two sample
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5.23
manual sampling
collecting samples (5.3) or increments (5.9) by human effort

5.24
mechanical sampling
collecting samples (5.3) or increments (5.9) by mechanical means

5.25
in-situ sampling
direct extraction of a sample from a wagon, hold or stockpile

5.26
stratified sampling
sampling of a lot (5.1) carried out by taking increments (5.9) from specified positions and in appropriate
proportions from strata (5.2)

5.27
stratified random sampling
sampling (5.26) of a lot (5.1) carried out by taking one or more increments (5.9) at random within each
stratum

5.28
systematic sampling
sampling carried out by taking increments (5.9) from a lot (5.1) at regular intervals

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5.29
mass-basis sampling
sampling carried out so that increments (5.9) are taken at equal mass intervals, increments being as near as
possible of uniform mass
NOTE “Uniform mass” means that variations in mass are less than 20 % in terms of the coefficient of variation.

5.30
time-basis sampling
sampling carried out so that increments (5.9) are taken from falling streams, or from conveyors, at uniform
time intervals, the mass of each increment being proportional to the mass flow rate at the instant of taking the
increment

5.31
spear
sampling tool of a spear-like shape, used to sample a stationary lot or part of a lot, capable of being driven
down to the bottom of the lot and extracting a sample from the complete depth of the lot

5.32
auger
sampling tool involving an auger mechanism, used to sample a stationary lot or part of a lot, capable of being
driven down to the bottom of the lot and extracting a sample from the complete depth of the lot

5.33
reference method
method that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived from scientific
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principles, experimental work of a national or international organization, or collaborative experimental work
under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group
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5.34
reference sample ISO 11323:2010
sample taken by a reference method (5.33)
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5.35
quality variation
measure of the heterogeneity of the lot, defined as σw, the standard deviation of the quality characteristics
within strata for mass-basis systematic sampling

5.36
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results (obtained in a manner not influenced by any
previous result on the same or similar test object) obtained under stipulated conditions
NOTE The measure of precision is computed as the standard deviation (σ) of the test results, and is usually expressed
in terms of imprecision, β (=2σ), within which the true value of measurement exists with a probability of 95 %. Less
precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation.

5.37
repeatability limit
the value below which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under repeatability conditions
may be expected to be with a probability of 95 %
NOTE The repeatability limit is generally expressed as r, rejecting the use of any measured value outside this range for
reporting; when duplicate measurements are made, it may be expressed as r = 2 β .

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5.38
Grubbs' test
one of the statistical methods used to detect outliers in a series of data
NOTE 1 ISO 3086 defines any value beyond the limit value at the 5 % significance level as an outlier.

NOTE 2 The procedure of Grubbs' test is given in ISO 5725-2.

6 Particle size analysis/Moisture determination

6.1
particle
discrete and coherent piece of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1), regardless of size, shape or
mineral content

6.2
particle size
practical size definition, irrespective of particle (6.1) shape, obtained by sieving (6.10)
NOTE The particle size may be defined by the size of the smallest sieve aperture through which the particle has passed
and the size of the largest sieve aperture on which the particle has been retained (− a + b mm). Particle size may be less
precisely defined by stating only one sieve aperture size (+ x mm) or (− z mm).

6.3
specification size
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sieve aperture size (or sizes) chosen to define a percentage mass limit (or limits) for any size fraction (or
fractions) considered to be significant
NOTE
(standards.iteh.ai)
A specification sieve has the aperture size that corresponds to the specification size; e.g. a pellet feed may be
specified as not more than m % + x mm, or a sinter feed as not more than n % − z mm.
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nominal top size b7bf0302e8bb/iso-11323-2010
particle size (6.2) expressed by the smallest aperture size of the test sieve (from a square opening,
comprising the R20 and R40/3 series in ISO 565), such that no more than 5 % by mass of iron ore (3.1) or
direct reduced iron (4.1) is retained on the sieve
NOTE This definition applies to iron ore and crushed hot briquetted iron HBI, but not to HBI prior to crushing.

6.5
size fraction
sample portion separated by using one sieve, or two sieves of different aperture sizes

6.6
oversize fraction
coarsest portion of a sample (5.3), comprising all particles (6.1) that are retained on the sieve of
aperture x mm, designated as + x mm and quoted as a percentage of the total mass of the sample

6.7
intermediate size fraction
sieved sample portion specified by two sizes, i.e. the smallest sieve aperture (a mm) through which it has
passed and the largest sieve aperture (b mm) on which it has been retained, designated as − a + b mm and
quoted as a percentage of the total mass of the sample (5.3)

6.8
undersize fraction
finest portion of a sample (5.3), comprising all particles (6.1) that have passed the sieve of aperture z mm,
designated as − z mm and quoted as a percentage of the total mass of the sample

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6.9
size distribution
in size analysis by sieving (6.10), the proportion of particles (6.1) according to the sizes of sieve apertures
used and expressed as percentage masses, passed or retained on sieves of selected apertures, relative to
the total mass of all size fractions (6.5)

6.10
sieving
process for separating particulate iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1) into two or more size
fractions (6.5), using one or more sieves

6.11
test sieve
sieve, satisfying the requirements of ISO 3310-1 (metal wire cloth) or ISO 3310-2 (perforated metal plate),
used for screening tests of powdery or granular matter

6.12
charge
quantity of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1) to be treated at one time on one sieve or on a set of
sieves
NOTE The permissible mass of a charge depends on the size and aperture of sieves used.

6.13
mass of sample used for sieving
quantity of iron ore (3.1) or direct reduced iron (4.1) actually sieved for one complete size analysis
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NOTE This may comprise several separate charges (6.12); in which case it is expressed as the sum of all charges
used. (standards.iteh.ai)
6.14 ISO 11323:2010
hand placing https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/01885156-1653-44fc-80ba-
sieving (6.10) method that may be used when a sample (5.3) contains relatively coarse particles (6.1),
b7bf0302e8bb/iso-11323-2010
usually 40 mm or larger in size, each particle being individually presented to a sieve aperture by hand and
turned until it can either pass through, without force being applied, or can be classed clearly as oversize

6.15
hand sieving
sieving (6.10) operation in which a sieve or a set of sieves is supported and agitated manually

6.16
assisted hand sieving
sieving (6.10) operation in which a sieve or a set of sieves is supported mechanically, but is agitated
manually

6.17
mechanical sieving
sieving (6.10) operation, in batch or continuous sieving, in which one or more sieves are supported and
agitated by mechanical means

6.18
batch sieving
sieving (6.10) operation in which a specific mass or volume of sample is presented to one or more sieves
which are agitated either by hand or by mechanical means
NOTE Oversize fractions remain within the frames of the retaining sieves until the end of the sieving operation. The
number of presentations of the particles to the sieve apertures depends on the length of sieving time.

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