Chemistry CIE Memorise

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6lh0f

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + base -> salt + water
alkali + ammonium salt -> salt + water + ammonia gas
Limestone (CaCOƒ) -> Lime (CaO) + carbon dioxide (CO‚)
Lime (CaO) + silica (SiO‚) -> Calcium Silicate (CaSiOƒ)
Limestone (CaCOƒ) + silica (SiO‚) -> Slag (CaSiOƒ) + Carbon Dioxide (CO‚)
Group 1 Metal Carbonates (except Lithium) -> Do not decompose
Group 1 Metal Hydroxides (except Lithium) -> Do not decompose
Group 1 Metal Nitrates (except Lithium) -> Metal Nitrate + Oxygen
Most Metal Carbonates -> Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
Most Metal Hydroxides -> Metal Oxide + Water
Most Metal Nitrates -> Metal Oxide + Nitrogen dioxide + Oxygen
Cobalt Chloride Paper + Water Turns from blue to pink
Anhydrous Copper (a) Sulphate + Water Turns from white to blue
N‚ + 3H‚ -> 2NHƒ
Temp: 450
Haber process 200 atm
Catalyst: Iron
(Reversible)
2SO‚ + O‚ -> 2SOƒ
Temp: 450
Contact process 2 atm
Catalyst: Vanadium (d) Oxide
(Reversible)
Substitution reaction requires Sunlight / UV Light
A mixture of ethene and steam is passed over a hot catalyst of
Hydration of ethene to make ethanol (-ene to alcohol) phosphoric acid at a temperature of 300°C
The pressure is used 60 atm
Alcohols can also be oxidised to carboxylic acids by heating with
acidified potassium manganate (VII).
Oxidisation to make ethanoic acid (alcohol to carboxylic)
The microbial oxidation (fermentation) of ethanol will produce a
weak solution of vinegar (ethanoic acid).
37°C
anaerobic
Conditions for fermentation
glucose is aqueous
Yeast
(Real Guns Never Kill Deer by Firing Large Bullets)
Refinery gas: heating and cooking
Gasoline (Petrol): fuel for cars
Naphtha: raw product for producing chemicals
Petroleum Fractions Kerosene (Paraffin): for making jet fuel
Diesel oil (Gas oil): fuel for diesel engines
Fuel oil: fuel for ships and for home heating
Lubricating oil: for lubricants, polishes, waxes
Bitumen: for surfacing roads
1. Making Cement
Uses of limestone
2. Making Iron from Iron Ore
Aeroplanes: Strong and low density
Uses of Aluminium Cans: Resistant to corrosion and malleable
Overhead Cables: Good conductor of electricity

1/4
Chemistry CIE Memorise
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6lh0f
Galvanises Iron
Uses of zinc Alloys
Sacrificial Protection
Electrical Wiring: Good conductor of electricity
Uses of copper Cooking Utensils: Good conductor of heat
Roofs: Hard wearing against weather
Nitrogen 78%
Components of clean air Oxygen 21%
Other Gases 1%
Colour of Lithium flame Red
Colour of Sodium flame yellow
Colour of Potassium flame lilac
Colour of Copper flame blue-green
Soluble:
All Sodium, Potassium and ammonium salts
All Nitrates
Chlorides except silver and lead
Solubility Rules
Sulphates except barium, lead and calcium
Insoluble:
All Carbonates except Sodium, Potassium and ammonium car-
bonates
Valency of Carbonate COƒ²{
Valency of hydroxide OH{
Valency of Sulfate SO„²{
Valency of nitrate NOƒ{
Valency of ammonium NH„z
Valency of Silver Agz
Valency of Lead Pb²z
Valency of Zinc Zn²z
(Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer)
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluoride
Diatomic elements
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine
Rf value equation Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
Iron Ore Hematite
Aluminium Ore Bauxite
Zinc Ore Zinc blende (Mainly zinc sulphide)

- The raw materials: iron ore (hematite), coke , and limestone are
added into the top of the blast furnace.

- Hot air is blown in the bottom

- Coke burns in the hot air forming carbon dioxide.

- At the high temperatures in the furnace, more coke reacts with

carbon dioxide forming carbon monoxide.

-Carbon monoxide reduces the iron (III) oxide in the iron ore to
form iron.
2/4
Chemistry CIE Memorise
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6lh0f
This will melt and collect at the bottom of the furnace, where it is
tapped off.

- Limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to the furnace to remove

impurities in the ore.

-The calcium carbonate in the limestone decomposes to form

Extraction of Iron - Blast furnace
calcium oxide.

-The calcium oxide formed reacts with the silicon dioxide, which is
an impurity in the iron ore, to form calcium silicate.

- This melts and collects as a molten slag floating on top of the

molten Iron, which is tapped off separately.
- The zinc blende is first roasted in air to produce zinc oxide and
sulphur dioxide.

- The zinc oxide is then reduced using carbon monoxide (or elec-
trolysis).

- Carbon burns in a blast of very hot air to form carbon dioxide.

Zinc Extraction - The carbon dioxide produced reacts with more coke to form
carbon monoxide.

- The carbon monoxide is the reducing agent and reduces the zinc
oxide to zinc.

- The mixture produced contains zinc and other impurities.

- It is separated by fractional distillation.

Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
White ppt, soluble in excess (colourless)
Aluminium cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
White ppt, insoluble in excess
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
Ammonium cation test
Ammonia produced on warming
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
White ppt, insoluble in excess
Calcium cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
No ppt (or slight white ppt)
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
Green ppt, soluble in excess
Chromium cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
Grey green ppt, insoluble in excess
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
Light blue ppt, insoluble in excess
Copper cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
Light blue ppt, soluble in excess giving dark blue solution
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
Green ppt, insoluble in excess
Iron (a) cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
Green ppt, insoluble in excess
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
Red-brown ppt, insoluble in excess
Iron (b) cation test
Aqueous Ammonia:
Red-brown, insoluble in excess
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide:
White ppt, soluble in excess (colourless)
3/4
Chemistry CIE Memorise
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e6lh0f
Aqueous Ammonia:
Zinc cation test
White ppt, soluble in excess (colourless)

4/4