•

• STEEL & COMPOSITE

• 2022-1

•
• DATE: 11/1/2023
• Prerared by Team No.27
• Khaled al-fahel
• Supervised By:
• Eng: Asmaa Nasab
1
• Design of Composite Slab:
• Design Data:

o Material properties and partial factors:

▪ CONCRETE

• fck = 20 MPa (NWC) ϒc = 1.5 TO BS EN1992-1-1 Table

2.1N
• Fire Resistance R= 60 (minute) ϒc fi = 1.10 TO BS EN1992

▪ STRUCTURAL STEEL

• fya = 235MPa ϒa = 1.0 TO BS EN1993

▪ REINFORCEMENT STEEL

• fys = 355 MPa ϒs = 1.15 TO BS EN1992-1-1 Table 2.1N

• ϒs fi = 1.0 TO BS EN1992

▪ PROFILED SHEETING

• fyp =355 MPa ϒap = 1.0 TO BS EN1993

2
• First span:
• Dimension for slab : (350 x 800 ) Cm

• We start with comflor 70

• Trial Slab Thickness:

•
Nominal thickness=0.9 mm
•
tp = 0.86 mm
•
g= 0.1 KN/m2 Ip = 54.8 × 104 mm4
• hp = 60 mm γNwc,dry =25KN/m3
• Ap = 1178 mm2/m γNwc,wet =25+1=26 KN/m3
3
• e = 33.34 mm Es =210000 N/mm2
• Msagging = 6.18 kN.m Mhogging = 6.18 kN.m

• Slab to depth ratio: RL.h = 26

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 3000
• htrial = = = 116 mm
𝑅𝑙.ℎ 26

• Check min. thickness for (EN 1994-1-1cl. 9.2) requirements:

• hc = h - hp = 116 - 55 = 61 mm hc ≥ 50 mm ok

• h = 116 mm h ≥ 90 mm ok

• Check min. thickness for Fire insulation requirements:

• From table above for R90 and trapezoidal profiles:

• heff = hc + 0.27hp = 61 + 0.27×55 = 75.85 mm > 100 mm →NOT OK

o hc= 61 mm > 40 mm → OK
𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
o R 60 ⟶ h= 116> = 130.34 →NOT OK
23

• Chosen slab dimensions:

• h =135 mm hc = 80 mm hp =55 mm

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

4
• 2.2.2- Erection stage (construction):
• Actions:

• Vconcrete = 0.139 m³/m²

• Permanent actions:

▪ Profiled sheeting s.w. gk1 = g sheets = 0.1 kN/m2

▪ Fresh concrete s.w. gk2 = Vconcrete × ϒC = 26 × 0.11 = 2.86 kN/m2

• Variable actions:

▪ Construction actions (full span) qk1 = 0.75 kN/m2

▪ Working Area (3m × 3m) qk2 = 0.75 kN/m2

• Design Effects ULS:

• W = 1.35 (0.1 +2.86) + 1.5 (0.75+ 0.75) = 6.25 KN.m

𝑊𝐿2 6.25∗32
• M+ = = = 7.03 > 6.18→Not Ok
8 8

• So we will add a middle support

• Case01: (Maximum M+, max. deflection)

1500 1500
•

5
• Case02: (Minimum M-, Vmax., Rmax at probe)

1500
•
1500

• • Case 1 • Case 2
• • M+max • Δ • M-max • Vmax

• g1 • 0.0157 • 0.024 • 0.028 • 0.1

• g2 • 0.62 • 1.132 • 0.8 • 2.7

• q1 • 0.162 • ---- • 0.21 • 0.7

• q2 • 0.162 • ---- • 0.21 • 0.7

• MEd+ = 1.35 (0.0157 +0.62) + 1.5 (0.162 + 0.162) = 1.346 KN.m

•
MEd- = 1.35 (0.028 +0.8) + 1.5 (0.21 + 0.21) = 1.75 KN.m
• VEd = 1.35 (0.1 +2.7) + 1.5 (0.7 + 0.7) = 5.88 KN

𝑓𝑦𝑝
𝐴𝑣∗
• Vpl,rd = √3
1.25

164−112
• X= = 26 mm
2
6
 ▪ ‫√=الطول المائل‬552 + 262 = 60.83 mm

• Av = 348 mm

o
348∗355
Vpl,Rd = = 57.181 KN/m
1.25∗√3

• Erection stage ULS verifications:

𝑀𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 1.346
• = < 1 → ok
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 6.18

𝑀𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 1.75

• = <1 → ok
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 6.18

𝑉𝑒𝑑 5.88
• = < 1 → ok
𝑉𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 57.81

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

• Design Effects SLS:

• δ = 1.16 mm

• Erection stage SLS verifications:

• Deflection verifications:
𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 1500
• ∂ allowable = = = 8.33 mm > 1.16 → ok
180 180

• 2)Ponding effect:
ℎ
• ∂ all. ponding = = 13.5 mm > 1.16 → ok
10

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

• 2.2.3- Final Stage (Composite):

7
• Permanent Actions:
• Profiled sheeting S.W. : gk1 = gsheets = 0.1 kN/m2
• Dry concrete S.W. : gk2 = ϒNWC.dry * Vconc = 3.125 kN/m2
• Floor and ceiling finishes: gk3 = 1.3 kN/m2
• Variable Actions:
• Imposed loads: qk1 = 5 kN/m2
• Movable partitions: qk2 = 1.2 kN/m2

• Design Effects ULS:

• Assume the slab is considered as simply supported during final stage:
• gd = ϒg.final * (gk 1+ gk2 + gk3) = 1.35 × (0.1+3.125+1.3) = 6.1 kN/m2
• qd = ϒq.final * (qk1 + qk2) = 1.5 × (5 + 1.2) = 9.3 kN/m2
• EDfinal = gd + qd = 15.4 kN/m2
𝑙2
• MED = EDfinal * = 17.325 kN.m/m
8
𝐿
• VED = EDfinal * = 23.1 kN/m
2

• Final stage ULS Verifications:

• Assume the n.a. is within the concrete slab (Xpl < hc):
• Consider 1m strip of slab so: bstrip = 1000 mm
𝑓𝑦𝑝 fsk
𝐴𝑝 . +As.rib .
• Xpl =
ϒap ϒs
fck = 36.9 mm < hc = 80mm → ok
0.85 . . 𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
ϒc

• Depth to c.g of profiled sheets:

o dp =h – e = 135 – 30 = 105 mm

• Taking the moment about the center of compressive concrete

𝑓𝑦𝑝 𝑥𝑝𝑙
o Mpl.Rd = Ap . . (dp – )
ϒap 2
355 36.9
o Mpl.Rd = 1178 . . (105 – ) 10-6 = 36.34 kN.m
1 2

𝑀𝑒𝑑 17.325
• = < 1 → ok
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 36.34

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

8
• Vertical shear verification:
136 + 188
• Average width of rib: bo = = 162 mm
2

• dp.shear = max (dp= 105 , 200 mm) = 200 mm

200
• Vmin = 0.035 (1+√ )3/2 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.442 N/mm2
𝑑𝑝.𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝑏𝑜
• VRd = dp Vmin = 25.06 kN/m
𝑏𝑠

𝑉𝑒𝑑 23.1
• = <1 → ok
𝑉𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 25.06

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Longitudinal shear verification:

• Calculating shear span Ls:

• For simple supported beam:

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝑊𝑢 ∗ ∗
• Area of shear diagram A1 = 2 2
2

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
• Area of shear diagram A2 = 𝑊𝑢 ∗ ∗ 𝐿𝑠
2

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 3000
o Then Ls = = = 750 mm
4 4

𝐴𝑝 1
o Vl.Rd = bstrip dp (m * + 𝑘)
𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑝.𝐿𝑠 ɣ𝑣.𝑠

1178 1
o Vl.Rd = 1000 × 105 (184 × + 0.053) × 10-3 = 28.73 kN
1000 × 750 1.25

𝑉𝑒𝑑
• = 0.8 < 1 → ok
𝑉𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Punching Verifications:

• As imposed action is C4 category then: Qk = 7 kN (acting on are 50×50 mm)

• 𝑏𝑏 = 50 mm
• 𝑎𝑏 = 50 mm
• Assume floor finishes thickness is: hf = 20 mm
• Assume using A251 wire mesh: (𝛷8mm in diameter @200mm both directions)
9
 •
𝛷𝑠,𝑥 = 8 mm , 𝑆𝑠,𝑥 = 200 mm , 𝐴𝑠,𝑥 = 251.3 mm2
•
𝛷𝑠,𝑦 = 8 mm , 𝑆𝑠,𝑦 = 200 mm , 𝐴𝑠,𝑦 = 251.3 mm2
𝛷𝑠,𝑥 8
• 𝑑𝑥 = ℎ𝑐 − ℎ𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 − = 80 − 15 − = 61 mm
2 2
𝛷𝑠,𝑥 8
• 𝑑𝑦 = ℎ𝑐 − ℎ𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 + = 80 − 15 + = 69 mm
2 2
𝐴𝑠,𝑥
• 𝜌𝑥 = = 0.4 %
𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑠,𝑦
• 𝜌𝑦 = = 0.36 %
𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ 𝑑𝑦
• 𝜌 = √𝜌𝑥 ∗ 𝜌𝑦 = 0.38 % > 0.2 → OK
• < 2 → OK
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

• Longitudinal Capacity:

• 𝑏𝑏 = 50 mm
• The effective width of slab is: 𝑏𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏 + 2 (ℎ𝑐 + ℎ𝑓 ) = 310 mm

• To get max. longitudinal sagging moment:

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 3000
• 𝐿𝑝 = = = 1500 mm
2 2
𝐿𝑝
• 𝑏𝑒𝑚 = 𝑏𝑚 + 2𝐿𝑝 (1 − ) = 1750 mm
𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏

• 𝑄𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 =10.5

𝐿𝑝
(1− )
𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
• 𝑚𝐸𝑑 = 𝑄𝐸𝑑 ∗ 𝐿𝑝 ∗ = 4.5 kN.m/m
𝑏𝑒𝑚
𝑚𝐸𝑑
• = 0.12 < 1 → ok
𝑀𝑃𝐿.𝑅𝐷

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

• Transverse Reinforcement:

• 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑏𝑚 = 250 mm

• 𝜍 = ℎℎ𝑐 = 0.6
• 𝐹𝑑 = 𝑄𝐸𝑑 = 10.5 kN

10
• 𝑚𝐸𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 0.24𝐹𝑑 4√𝜍 = 2.22 KN.m/am (Resisted by width 𝑎𝑚 )
𝑚
• 𝑀𝐸𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝐸𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 8.88 kN.m/m
𝑎𝑚

• Calculate the transverse reinforcement:

• 𝑁𝑐 = 𝑁𝑡
• r=14mm 𝐴𝑠,𝑥 =769.7mm2
𝐴𝑠,𝑥 ∗ 𝑓𝑠,𝑥 ϒ𝑠
• 𝑥= ∗ = 13.9 mm
ϒ𝑠 0.85𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
𝐴𝑠,𝑥 ∗ 𝑓𝑠,𝑥 𝑥
• 𝑀𝑅𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = ∗ (𝑑𝑥 − ) = 9.6 kN.m/m
ϒ𝑠 2
𝑀𝐸𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠
• = 0.925 < 1 → ok
𝑀𝑅𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Final stage SLS Verifications:

• Deflection verification:

• Modulus of elasticity (NWC):

• fcm = fck + 8 = 20 + 8 = 28 MPa

𝑓𝑐𝑚
• Ecm = 22000 ( )0.3 = 29961.9 N/mm2
10

𝐸𝑎 210000
• n= 𝐸𝑐𝑚 → n= 29961.9 = 14.05
0.5(𝐸𝑐𝑚 + Φ ) 0.5(29961.9+ )
3

• Calculate the cracked section properties:

• Depth of compressive concrete:

n∗ Ap 2 𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝∗ 𝑑𝑝
• 𝑥𝑐 = (-1 + √1 + ) = 44.7 mm
𝑏 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 n∗ Ap

• Cracked section moment of inertia:

𝑥𝑐
𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ (𝑥𝑐 )3 𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ xc ∗( )²
• Icc = + 2
+ Ap (dp – 𝑥c )2 + Ip = 6.434 × 106 mm4
12∗𝑛 𝑛

11
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Calculate the un-cracked section properties:
∑ 𝐴𝑖 . 𝑍𝑖
o 𝑥𝑢 = ∑ 𝐴𝑖

• take section width as distance between ribs so : bs = 300 mm

• depth of compressive concrete:

• 𝑙3 = 112 mm , 𝑙4 =164mm

• 𝑙1 = 𝑏𝑠 − 𝑙3 = 188mm

• 𝑙2 = 300 − 164 = 136 mm

ℎ ℎ𝑝 𝑙 −𝑙 ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝑝 𝑏𝑠
bs . ℎ .( )−𝑙3 . ℎ𝑝 . (ℎ− )−2 ( 4 3 ) . . (ℎ− )+𝑛 . 𝐴𝑝 . . 𝑑𝑝
2 2 2 2 3 1000
o 𝑥𝑢 = 𝑙4 −𝑙3 ℎ𝑝 𝑏𝑠 = 49 mm
𝑏𝑠 .ℎ−𝑙3 .ℎ𝑝−2 .( ). + 𝑛 . 𝐴𝑝 .
2 2 1000

• Un-Cracked section moment of inertia:

• calculate average ribs width per meter:

𝑙 +𝑙2 1000
• bm = ( 1 )∗ = 540 mm
2 𝑏𝑠

ℎ𝑐
𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ hc3 𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 ∗ hc ∗(𝑥𝑢− ) 𝑏𝑚 ∗ hp3 ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝑝 2
• Icu = + 2
+ + bm. . (ℎ − 𝑥𝑢 − ) + Ap (dp – 𝑥𝑢 )
12∗𝑛 𝑛 12∗𝑛 𝑛 2
2
+ Ip

• = 15.01 × 106 mm4

• The average section properties:
𝐼𝐶𝐶 +𝐼𝐶𝑈
• 𝐼= = 10.722 × 106 mm4
2
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Calculate the minimum reinforcement:

▪ ρmin = 0.2% (for un-propped slab)

▪ As.min. = ρmin * bstrip * hc = 0.002 × 1000 × 80 = 160 mm2 → use

𝛷8/200mm

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

12
• Deflection (Erection Stage):
𝐿3 5( 𝑔+𝑞 )
o δEd = [𝐹 + ∗ 𝑙]
48𝐸𝐼 8

o self-weight of sheets: gk1 = 0.1 kN/m2

o Dry concrete: gk2 = 25 × 0.139 = 3.475 kN/m2

• Deflection (Final Stage):

o Finishes and ceilings: gk3 = 1.5 kN/m2

o Partitions: qk1 = 1.2 kN/m2

o Imposed: qk2 = 5 kN/m2 (Access areas and accumulation of goods)

o 𝛿𝐸𝑑.𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 4.9 mm

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝛿𝐸𝑑.𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
o 𝛿𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = = 10mm → = 0.49 < 1 → OK
300 𝛿𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝛿𝐸𝑑.𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
o 𝛿𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = = 12 mm → = 0.4 < 1 → OK
250 𝛿𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠

𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝛿𝐸𝑑.𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
o 𝛿𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 15 mm → = 0.32 < 1 → OK
200 𝛿𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Fire Verifications:

• Design actions:

• gk = gk 1+ gk2 + gk3 = 0.1 + 3.125 + 1.3 = 4.525 kN/m2

• qk = qk1 + qk2 = 5 + 1.2 = 6.2 kN/m2
𝑞𝑘
• = 1.37
𝑔𝑘
𝑞𝑘
1 + 0.7
• ηfi =
𝑔𝑘
𝑞𝑘 = 0.57
1.35 + 1.5
𝑔𝑘
𝑀𝑒𝑑 17.325
• ηfi.t = ηfi = 0.57 × = 0.27 → so, verify Rfi.d ≥ ηfi.t . 𝑀𝑝𝑙.𝑅𝑑 = 9.9 kN.m
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑅𝑑 36.34

• Fire resistance – Insulation Criteria “I”:

13
 • h1 = hc = 80 mm h2 = hp = 55 mm
• L1 = 188 mm L2 =136 mm L3 = 112 mm
2
• Lr = L2 + 2 √ℎ2 2 + (𝐿1 +𝐿2) = 258 mm
2
𝐿1 +𝐿2
• A = h2 × = 8910 mm2
2
𝐴
• = 34.53
𝐿𝑟
1 2 𝐿 −𝐿 2
• ɸ=
𝐿3
(√ℎ22 + (𝐿3 + 𝐿1 −𝐿2 ) − √ℎ22 + ( 1 2 2 ) ) = 0.783
2

• From table (D.1) for N.W.C. :

• a0 = -28.8 a1 = 1.55 a2 = -12.6 a3 = 0.33 a4 = -735 a5=48
𝐴 1 𝐴 1
• ti = a0 + a1 . h1 + a2 . ɸ + a3 . + a4 . + a5 . . = 151.47 min > 60 min → OK
𝐿𝑟 𝐿3 𝐿𝑟 𝐿3
• Fire Resistance – Bearing Criteria “R” (sagging moment):
• For lower flange:
• From table (D.2), for R120 & N.W.C.:
• b0.lower = 951 b1.lower = -1197 b2.lower = -2.32 b3.lower = 86.4 b4.lower = -150.7
1 𝐴
• ɵa.lower = b0.lower + b1.lower . + b2.lower . + b3.lower . ɸ + b4.lower . ɸ2 = 835.4˚
𝐿3 𝐿𝑟
• So, From table (I) Ky.ɵ.lower = 0.0923
•
Ap.lower = L2 . tp = 136 × 0.86 = 116.96 mm2
• Calculate the force can carried by Lower Flange:
𝑓𝑦𝑝
• Nlower = (Ap.lower × Ky.ɵ.lower) . = 3.91 kN
ϒ𝑎𝑝
• For Web:
• From table (D.2), for R120 & N.W.C.:
• b0.web = 661 b1.web = -833 b2.web = -2.96 b3.web = 1148.4 b4.web = -679.8
1 𝐴
• ɵa.web = b0.web + b1.web . + b2.web . + b3.web . ɸ + b4.web . ɸ2 = 1033.7˚
𝐿3 𝐿𝑟

• So, From table (I) Ky.ɵ.web = 0.033

2
• Ap.web = 2√ℎ2 2 + (𝐿1−𝐿2) . tp = 95 mm2
2
• Calculate the force can carried by Web:
𝑓𝑦𝑝
▪ Nweb = (Ap.web × Ky.ɵ.web) . = 1.14 kN
ϒ𝑎𝑝

• For Upper Flange:

14
• From table (D.2), for R120 & N.W.C.:
• b0.upper = 340 b1.upper = -3269 b2.upper = -2.62 b3.upper = 1148.4
b4.upper = -679.9
1 𝐴
• ɵa.upper = b0.upper + b1.upper . + b2.upper . + b3.upper . ɸ + b4.upper . ɸ2 = 8702.68˚
𝐿3 𝐿𝑟
• So, From table (I) Ky.ɵ.upper = 0.23
• Ap.upper = L3 . tp = 96.32 mm2
• Calculate the force can carried by Upper Flange:
𝑓𝑦𝑝
▪ Nupper = (Ap.upper × Ky.ɵ.upper) . = 8.025 kN
ϒ𝑎𝑝

• Calculate the total force can carried by sheet:

• Np.pl = Nlower + Nweb + Nupper = 8.025+ 1.14 + 3.91 = 13.075 kN

• Calculate depth of n.a.:

Np.pl
• dc = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 2.82 mm
0.85 . 𝑏𝑠
ϒc.fi
• Calculation of sagging resistance capacity:
𝑑𝑐 ℎ𝑝 𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑐
• Mfi.Rd.sagging = Nlower (ℎ − ) + Nweb (ℎ − − ) + Nupper (ℎ − ℎ𝑝 − )
2 2 2 2
• Mfi.Rd.sagging = 1.26 kN.m (per rib)
Mfi.Rd.sagging 1.26
• So, Mfi.Rd.sagging = = = 4.23 kN.m/m
𝑏𝑠 0.3
• Assume using (10mm in diameter per rib attached to bottom of wire mesh)
• Φs.rib = 10 mm , Φs.stud = 19 mm
Φs.rib
• u3 = hp + hstiff - = 55 + 15 – 5 = 65 mm
2
𝐿1 Φstud Φrib
• u1 = − − = 76.2 mm
2 2 2
• u2 = l1 - u1= 102.4 mm
1
• Z= 1 1 1 = 2.96 mm
+ +
√𝑢1 √𝑢2 √𝑢3
• From table (D.3) for R120 & N.W.C.:
• c0 = 1191 c1 = -250 c2 = -240 c3 = -5.01 c4 = 1.04 c5 = -925
𝑢3 𝐴 1
• ɵS = co + c1 + c2 . Z + c3 . + c4 . α+ c5 . = 239.3˚
ℎ2 𝐿𝑟 𝐿3
• So, from table (II) Ky.ɵs = 1
• The force at to reinforcement:
2 𝑓𝑦
• Ns.rib = π Φs.rib = 27.88 kN (per rib)
4 ɣs.fi
• Calculate depth of n.a.:
𝑁𝑝.𝑝𝑙 +𝑁𝑠.𝑟𝑖𝑏
• dc = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 4.63 mm
0.85 𝑏𝑠
ϒc.fi
• Calculate sagging resistance capacity:

15
 𝑑𝑐 ℎ𝑝 𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑐
• Mfi.Rd.sagging =Nlower *(ℎ − )+Nweb* (ℎ − − )+Nupper * (ℎ − ℎ𝑝 − )
2 2 2 2
𝑑𝑐
+ Ns.rib (ℎ − 𝑢3 − )
2
• Mfi.Rd.sagging = 3.72 kN.m (per rib)
• Mfi.Rd.sagging = 12.412 kN.m/m > 9.9 kN.m/m → ok
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• secondary Beams :
• Slab reactions at construction stage:

• Permanent actions:

• Profiled sheeting s.w. gk1 = g sheets = 0.1 kN/m2

• Fresh concrete s.w. gk2 = Vc x ϒC = 2.86 kN/m2

• Variable actions:

• qk1 = 0.75 kN/m2

• qk2 = 0.75 kN/m2

• Actions Partial Factors:

• Permanent Actions: ϒg.final = 1.35
• Variable Actions: ϒq.final = 1.50

• Design Effects ULS:

• Assume the beam is considered as simply supported : Lbeam =9.5 m
• Ed construction = 1.35 (3.87+2) +1.5 (1.96) = 10.86 kN/m
𝐿2
• MED construction. = Ed construction. = 122.5 kN.m
8
𝐿
• VED. construction = ED construction. = 51.58 kN
2

• Final Stage Load:

• S.W Sheet: gk1 = g sheets = 0.1*3.1=0.31 kN/m2

• dry Concrete: gk2 = Vc x ϒC = 6.64 kN/m2

• Floor and Finishing: gk3 = 4.03 kN/m2
• S.w Beam=2 kN/m
• Variable Action :
• qk1 = 5*3.1=15.5 kN/m2

16
• qk2 = 1.2*3.1=3.72 kN/m2

• Ed=47.028 kN/m
𝐿2
• M ED .final. = ED final. = 530.53 kN.m
8
𝐿
• V ED .final. = ED final. = 233.38 kN
2

• Choose beam section:

9500
• ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = = 593.75 𝑚𝑚
16

• ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − ℎ = 593.75 − 135 = 458.75 𝑚𝑚

ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ𝑐 458.75 80
• Z= +ℎ− = + 135 − = 324.375 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2 2

• MRd=Med Final =530.53 kN.m

𝑀𝑟𝑑
• Aatrial= 𝐹𝑦𝑎∗𝑧 = 4607.16 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑎

• Choosing I section 457*152*67

• Aa = 8560 mm2 , ha = 458 mm , bf =153.8 mm , tf = 15 mm , tw = 9 mm
•
r = 10.2 mm , G = 67.2 kg/m , Ipl.y = 28900 x 104 mm4 ,
Wpl.y = 1450 x 103 mm3
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

• Beam verifications:
• Verifications of construction stage (ULS):

• Flexure (EN1993):
• Section classification:

235
• Since beam is under pure bending then α= 0.5 ⟶ ε =√ = 0.814
355

• Outstand flange classification:

𝑏𝑓−𝑇𝑤
• C= − 𝑟 = 62.2 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑐
• 𝑡𝑓 = 5.1 < 9 then the flange is class 1
ε

17
• Web classification:

• d = ha – 2 tf – 2 r = 407.6 mm
𝑑
• 𝑡𝑤 = 55.63< 36/ α =72 then the web is class 1 ⟶ the whole section is class1
ε

• The cross section bending resistance:

𝑊𝑝𝑙.𝑦×𝑓𝑦.𝑎 1450∗104 ∗355

• For class 1 & 2 : Mc.y.Rd = = =514.75 kN.m
ϒa 1
M+ 122.5
• EDconst
= = 0.23 < 1 Ok
Mc.y.Rd 514.75

o Shear (EN1993):

• hw = ha – 2 tf = 428 mm , η= 1
• η. tw . hw = 3852 mm2
• Av = Aa – 2 bf . tf + (tw + 2r) tf = 3775 mm2
• Av = max of (3775, 3852) = 3852 mm2
𝑓𝑦𝑎
𝐴𝑣( ) 355
• Vpl.Rd = √3
= 3852 * = 789.5 kN
ϒa √3

• Check shear buckling:

ℎ𝑤 ε
• =47.55 < 72 ∗ = 58.608 o.k then ,no shear buckling check is required
𝑡𝑤 η
𝑉𝐸𝐷.𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 51.58
• = = 0.065 < 1 ok
𝑉𝑝𝑙.𝑅𝑑 789.5

• Combined bending and shear (EN1993):

𝑉𝑝𝑙.𝑅𝑑
• VED = 51.58 < = 394.75 kN shear – bending interaction is negligible
2

• Classification of final stage :

• All section is class 1
• Verifications of Final stage (ULS)-full shear connection:
• Flexure (EN1994):

18
• Determination of effective width of concrete flange (beff):

• at middle beam the effective width of flange beff = bo + be1 + be2

• for one rows of shear studs (nr = 1) : bo.nr1 = 0 mm (assumption)
• considering the beam is simply supported Le = Lbeam =9500 mm
𝐿𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 3100
• b1.nr1 = = = 1550 mm
2 2
𝐿𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 3100
• b2nr1 = = = 1550 mm
2 2
𝐿𝑒 9500
• be1.nr1 = = = 1187.5 mm < b1.nr1 = 1550 mm
8 8
𝐿𝑒 9500
• be2.nr1 = = = 1187.5mm < b2.nr2 = 1550 mm
8 8
• beff.nr1 = be1.nr1 + be2.nr1 = 2375 mm
• for two rows of shear studs (nr = 2) : bo.nr2 = 100 mm (assumption)
𝐿𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 3100 100
• b1.nr2 = = - = 1500 mm
2 2 2
𝐿𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 3100 100
• b2nr2 = = - = 1500 mm
2 2 2
𝐿𝑒 9500
• be1.nr2 = = = 1187.5 mm < b1.nr2 = 1500 mm
8 8
𝐿𝑒 9500
• be2.nr2 = = = 1187.5 mm < b2.nr2 = 1500 mm
8 8
• beff.nr2 = bo.nr2 +be1.nr2 + be2.nr2 = 2475 mm

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Determination of resistance moment of the section
• Determination of the depth of n.a. (Xc):
• Assume the n.a. is located within the concrete slab (Xc < hc)
• ((full shear connection is provided))
458
• hg = = 229 mm ht = h = 135mm
2

• For one row of shear studs (nr =1):

𝑓𝑦𝑎
𝐴𝑎 ( )
• Xc.nr1 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘.𝑛𝑤𝑐
ϒa
= 73.33 mm < hc=80 mm ‫الفرض صحيح‬
0.85 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑛𝑟2
ϒc

𝐹𝑦𝑎 Xc.nr1
• Mpl,rd=Aa* ∗ (ℎ𝑔 + ℎ − )
𝛾𝑎 2

• Mpl,rd= 792.45 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 530.53
• = < 1 𝑂𝐾
𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑅𝑑 792.45

19
• For two row of shear studs (nr = 2):
𝑓𝑦𝑎
𝐴𝑎 (
)
• Xc.nr2 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘.𝑛𝑤𝑐
ϒa
= 72.29 mm < hc=80 mm ‫الفرض صحيح‬
0.85 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑛𝑟2
ϒc

𝐹𝑦𝑎 Xc.nr2
• Mpl,rd=Aa* ∗ (ℎ𝑔 + ℎ − )
𝛾𝑎 2

• Mpl,rd= 797.11 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 530.53
• = < 1 𝑂𝐾
𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑅𝑑 797.11

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

• Shear :
•
Av = Aa – 2 bf . tf + (tw + 2r) tf = 3510.8 mm2
• η ⋅ tw ⋅ hw = 2676.8 mm2
• Av = max of (3510.8 , 2676.8) = 3510.8 mm2
𝑓𝑦𝑎
𝐴𝑣( ) 355
• Vpl.Rd = √3
= 3510.8* = 719.57 kN
ϒa √3

• Check shear buckling:

• D=ha-2*tf-2*r=360-2*12.7-2*18=298.6 mm
𝑑
• = 37.325 < 124𝜀 = 100.9 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑡𝑤
𝑉𝑒𝑑 222.464
• = = 0.309 < 1 𝑜𝑘
𝑉𝑝𝑙,𝑟𝑑 719.57

• Combined Bending and Shear :

𝑉𝑝𝑙.𝑅𝑑
• VED = 222.464 < = 359.8 kN shear bending interaction is negligible
2

• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Verifications of Final stage (ULS) – partial shear connection:
• Shear connections:
20
• Assume using shear studs: dstud = 19 mm hstud = 125 mm
• hsc = hstud – 5 = 120 mm
• shear resistance of shear connectors:

• Concrete failure:

ℎ𝑠𝑐 120
• = = 6.316 > 4 then: α=1.0
𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑 19

• Ecm=32.836 Gpa
1
• PRd.1 = (0.29 . α . dstud2 . √𝑓𝑐𝑘. 𝑛𝑤𝑐 ∗ 𝐸𝑐𝑚 )
ϒv.s
1
• PRd.1 = (0.29 . 1 . 192 . √30 ∗ 32836.57) = 83.12 kN
1.25

• Shank failure of stud:

2 1 2 1
• PRd.2 = 0.8 fu π dstud = 0.8 x 450 x π ∗19 x = 81.656 kN
4 ϒv.s 4 1.25

• PRd.o = min (PRd.1 , PRd.2 ) = 81.656 kN for solid slab

• Taking the effect of profiled sheeting

• In current case the ribs is transverse to the beam
• Assume studs welded through profiled , then:
• For one row of shear studs (nr =1) ., tp = 0.86<1mm then:
• Kt.max.nr1 = 0.85
0.7 𝑏𝑜 ℎ𝑠𝑐 0.7 162 120
• Kt.nr1 = . .( − 1) = . .( − 1) =2.436
√nr1 ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝑝 √2 55 55

• Kt.nr1 = min (Kt.nr1 , Kt.max.nr1) = 0.85

• PRd.nr2 = PRd.o * kt.nr2 = 69.41 Kn
• For two row of shear studs (nr =2) ., tp = 0.86<1mm then:
• Kt.max.nr2 = 0.7
0.7 𝑏𝑜 ℎ𝑠𝑐 0.7 162 120
• Kt.nr2 = . .( − 1) = . .( − 1) =1.723
√nr1 ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝑝 √2 55 55

• Kt.nr2 = min (Kt.nr1 , Kt.max.nr1) = 0.7

• PRd.nr2 = PRd.o * kt.nr2 = 57.16 kN

21
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
• Degree of shear connection:

• Minimum degree of shear connectors:

• For steel section of equal flanges:

• ηmin = 0.49

• Calculate the number of shear connectors for full shear connection:

• Try using one row of shear studs (nr=1 )

• Maximum force in steel

• Ncf.steel.nr1 = 2580.85 kN

• Maximum force in concrete

𝑓𝑐𝑘.𝑛𝑤𝑐
• Ncf.conc.nr1 = 0.85 hcc . beff.nr1 .
ϒc

• Ncf.conc.nr1 = 3740 kN
• Ncf.nr1 = min (Ncf.steel.nr1 , Ncf.conc.nr1) = 2580.85 kN

• Number of shear studs for full shear connection:

𝑁𝑐𝑓.𝑛𝑟1 2580.85
• nf.nr1 = = = 38 studs
𝑃𝑅𝑑.𝑛𝑟1 69.41
𝐿 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑒𝑟 4000
• #𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 = = = 13.33 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑
𝑏𝑠 300

• Degree of shear connection (nr=1):

#through∗nr2 13.33
• n.nr2 = = = 0.35 > ηmin = So one Shear Connectors are not sufficient.
nf.nr2 38
0.49
• Try using two row of shear studs (nr=2 )

• Maximum force in steel

• Ncf.steel.nr2 = 2580.85 kN
22
• Maximum force in concrete

𝑓𝑐𝑘.𝑛𝑤𝑐
• Ncf.conc.nr2 = 0.85 hcc . beff.nr1 .
ϒc

• Ncf.conc.nr2 = 3927 kN
• Ncf.nr2 = min (Ncf.steel.nr2 , Ncf.conc.nr2) = 2580.85 kN

• Number of shear studs for full shear connection:

𝑁𝑐𝑓.𝑛𝑟1 2580.85
• nf.nr1 = = = 46 studs
𝑃𝑅𝑑.𝑛𝑟1 57.16

• Degree of shear connection (nr=2):

#through∗nr2 13.33∗2
• n.nr2 = = = 0.57 > ηmin = So two Shear Connectors are sufficient.
nf.nr2 46
0.49
• So We Have nr2 ,d=22mm , hstud=125 mm
• Plastic bending resistance – Patial shear connection:
• Simplified Method:
𝑤𝑝𝑙.𝑦 ∗ 𝑓𝑦𝑎 1019∗1000∗355
• 𝑀𝑃𝐿.𝑅𝐷= = =361.745 KN.m
𝛾𝑎 1
• 𝑀𝑅𝑑,𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝑀𝑃𝐿.𝑅𝐷 +(𝑀𝑃𝐿.𝑅𝐷,nr2 − 𝑀𝑃𝐿.𝑅𝐷= )* n.nr2
• 𝑀𝑅𝑑,𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 361.745 +(797.11 − 361.745)* 0.57=609.9 kN.m
𝑀𝑒𝑑 444.928
• = = 0.72 < 1 𝑂𝐾
𝑀𝑅𝑑,𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 609.9
• --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

23