This document describes the operating conditions and parameters of a steam jet refrigeration system. It explains that the system uses high-velocity steam to compress and circulate refrigerant vapor without a mechanical compressor. It then outlines the key components, including the motive steam, ejector, condenser, evaporator, and performance parameters like coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio.
This document describes the operating conditions and parameters of a steam jet refrigeration system. It explains that the system uses high-velocity steam to compress and circulate refrigerant vapor without a mechanical compressor. It then outlines the key components, including the motive steam, ejector, condenser, evaporator, and performance parameters like coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio.
This document describes the operating conditions and parameters of a steam jet refrigeration system. It explains that the system uses high-velocity steam to compress and circulate refrigerant vapor without a mechanical compressor. It then outlines the key components, including the motive steam, ejector, condenser, evaporator, and performance parameters like coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio.
This document describes the operating conditions and parameters of a steam jet refrigeration system. It explains that the system uses high-velocity steam to compress and circulate refrigerant vapor without a mechanical compressor. It then outlines the key components, including the motive steam, ejector, condenser, evaporator, and performance parameters like coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio.
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Steam Jet Refrigeration System
Operating Conditions and Parameters
The steam jet refrigeration system, also known as the thermocompressor or ejector refrigeration system, is a unique refrigeration system that uses the momentum of high-velocity steam to compress and circulate the refrigerant vapor. This system operates without the need for a mechanical compressor, making it relatively simple and reliable. Here are the key operating conditions and parameters of a steam jet refrigeration system:
1. Motive Steam: - The motive steam is the high-pressure, high-velocity steam that drives the system. - It is typically supplied from a boiler or a steam generator. - The motive steam pressure is usually in the range of 5 to 15 bar (72.5 to 217.5 psi). - The motive steam temperature is typically between 160°C and 260°C (320°F to 500°F).
2. Ejector: - The ejector is the heart of the system, where the motive steam entrains and compresses the refrigerant vapor. - It consists of a converging-diverging nozzle and a mixing chamber. - The nozzle accelerates the motive steam to a high velocity, creating a low-pressure region in the mixing chamber. - The refrigerant vapor is drawn into the mixing chamber due to this low-pressure region and mixes with the motive steam.
3. Condenser: - The mixed stream of motive steam and refrigerant vapor enters the condenser. - In the condenser, the refrigerant vapor condenses, releasing its latent heat, which is transferred to a cooling medium (e.g., water or air). - The condensing pressure in the condenser is typically between 5 and 10 bar (72.5 to 145 psi).
4. Evaporator: - The liquid refrigerant from the condenser passes through an expansion valve, which reduces its pressure and temperature. - The low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant enters the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (e.g., a cold room or a freezer) and vaporizes. - The evaporating pressure is typically between 0.5 and 2 bar (7.25 to 29 psi). - The evaporator temperature is usually in the range of -40°C to 10°C (-40°F to 50°F), depending on the application.
5. Performance Parameters: - Coefficient of Performance (COP): The COP is the ratio of the cooling effect produced to the energy input (motive steam). Typical COP values range from 0.2 to 0.5. - Entrainment Ratio: The entrainment ratio is the ratio of the mass flow rate of the entrained refrigerant vapor to the mass flow rate of the motive steam. Higher entrainment ratios indicate better system performance. - Critical Back Pressure: The critical back pressure is the maximum pressure at which the ejector can operate effectively. If the condenser pressure exceeds this value, the ejector's performance will degrade significantly.
Steam jet refrigeration systems are commonly used in industrial applications where low-cost steam is readily available, such as chemical plants, refineries, and power plants. They are also used in some specialized applications, such as freeze-drying processes and cryogenic systems.
References: 1. "Steam Jet Refrigeration System" by S. Elmalí and H. Aras, International Journal of Refrigeration, Volume 26, Issue 6, September 2003. 2. "Refrigeration and Air Conditioning" by C.P. Arora, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010. 3. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Steam Jet Refrigeration System" by S.C. Arora and S. Mukherjee, International Journal of Refrigeration, Volume 17, Issue 8, November 1994.
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