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Simple Properties and Existence Theorem for the Henstock-Kurzweil-

Stieltjes Integral of Functions Taking Values on C[a,b] Space-valued Functions

Article in European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics · January 2020

DOI: 10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v13i1.3626

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Vol. 13, No. 1, 2020, 130-143
ISSN 1307-5543 – www.ejpam.com
Published by New York Business Global

Simple Properties and Existence Theorem for the

Henstock–Kurzweil–Stieltjes Integral of Functions
Taking Values on C[a, b] Space-valued Functions
Andrew Felix Cunanan1,∗ , Julius Benitez2
1
Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences,
Surigao Del Sur State University, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur, Philippines
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Philippines

Abstract. Henstock–Kurzweil integral, a nonabsolute integral, is a natural extension of the Rie-

mann integral that was studied independently by Ralph Henstock and Jaroslav Kurzweil. This
paper will introduce the Henstock–Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral of C[a, b]-valued functions defined on
a closed interval [f, g] ⊆ C[a, b], where C[a, b] is the space of all continuous real-valued functions
defined on [a, b] ⊆ R. Some simple properties of this integral will be formulated including the
Cauchy criterion and an existence theorem will be provided.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 58C06,51M20, 26A42, 26B05, 26B30
Key Words and Phrases: C[a, b] space-valued function, δ-fine tagged division, Henstock–Kurzweil–
Stieltjes integral, Continuity, Bounded variation.

1. Introduction

The Henstock–Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral is a generalized Riemann–Stieltjes integral

which has properties similar to it. In the paper [9], Ubaidillah introduce the Henstock–
Kurzweil integral of functions taking values in C[a, b] through Riemann sums
X
S(F, D) = F (ti )[hi−1 , hi ]
D

where D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti )}ni=1 is a tagged division of [f, g] Notion of integrals for Ba-
nach space-valued functions like Henstock integral for Banach space-valued functions,
Henstock–Stieltjes integral of real-valued functions with respect to an increasing func-
tion and Henstock–Stieltjes integral for Banach spaces were already defined by Cao [3],
∗
Corresponding author.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v13i1.3626
Email addresses: deofscunananiv@yahoo.com (A. Cunanan),
julius.benitez@g.msuiit,edu.ph (J. Benitez)

http://www.ejpam.com 130 c 2020 EJPAM All rights reserved.

A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 131

Lim [7] and Tikare [8], respectively. In this paper we change the way to define the do-
main of the function and the integrator. We shall choose first a closed interval [f, g] as
our domain and a continuous real-valued function H instead of the identity map as our
integrator.

2. Preliminaries

Throughout, we consider the space C[a, b] of all continuous real-valued functions de-
fined on [a, b]. For more details of the space C[a, b], see [2], [5] or [9].

Let [f, g] be a closed interval of C[a, b]. A division of [f, g] is any finite set {h0 , h1 , . . .
, hn } ⊂ [f, g] such that
h0 = f, hn = g and hi−1 < hi
for all i = 1, 2, . . . , n. A tagged division of [f, g] is a finite collection {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) :
i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of interval−point pairs such that {h0 , h1 , . . . , hn } is a division of [f, g]
and ti ∈ [hi−1 , hi ] for every i = 1, 2, . . . , n. Each point ti is referred to as the tag of the
corresponding subinterval [hi−1 , hi ]. Let θ be the null element in C[a, b], that is, θ(x) = 0,
for all x ∈ [a, b]. A function δ : [f, g] → C[a, b] is said to be a gauge on [f, g] if θ < δ(h)
for every h ∈ [f, g].

Definition 1. [9] Let δ be a gauge on [f, g]. A tagged division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i =

1, 2, . . . , n} is said to be δ-fine if

ti ∈ [hi−1 , hi ] ⊂ (ti − δ(ti ), ti + δ(ti ))

for every i = 1, 2, . . . , n.

Theorem 1. [9] (Cousin’s Lemma) If δ is a gauge on [f, g] ⊂ C[a, b], then there is a δ-fine
tagged division of [f, g].

3. Henstock-Kurzweil-Stieltjes Integral on C[a, b]

Let D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} be a tagged division of [f, g] and F, H :

[f, g] → C[a, b] be functions. We write
n
X
S(F, H; D) = F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )],
i=1

called as Henstock−Kurzweil−Stieltjes sum of F with respect to H on [f, g]. For

brevity, we write D = {([u, v], t)} for a tagged division of [f, g] and
X
S(F, H; D) = F (t)[H(v) − H(u)].
D
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 132

Definition 2. Let F, H : [f, g] → C[a, b] be functions. We say that the function F is

Henstock−Kurzweil−Stieltjes integrable with respect to H on [f, g] to S ∈ C[a, b],
briefly HKS-integrable, if for any  > 0, there exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any
δ-fine tagged division D of [f, g], we have

|S(F, H; D) − S| <  · e,

where e is the multiplicative identity in C[a, b]. The element S ∈ C[a, b] is called
Henstock−Kurweil−Stieltjes integral, briefly HKS-integral, of F with respect to H
on [f, g] and is written by Z g
S = (HKS) F dH.
f

The collection of all functions which are HKS-integrable with respect to H on [f, g] is
denoted by HKS([f, g], H).

Theorem 2. (Uniqueness) If F is HKS-integrable with respect to H on [f, g], then the

HKS-integral of F with respect to H on [f, g] is unique.

Proof. Suppose that F is HKS-integrable with respect to H on [f, g] to S1 ∈ C[a, b]

and S2 ∈ C[a, b]. Let  > 0. Then there exists a gauge δ1 on [f, g] such that for all δ1 -fine
tagged division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, g], we have

|S(F, H; D) − S1 | < · e. (1)
2
Similarly, there exists a gauge δ2 on [f, g] such that for all δ2 -fine tagged division Q =
{([ki−1 , ki ], si ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , m} of [f, g], we have

|S(F, H; Q) − S2 | < · e. (2)
2
Define a function δ : [f, g] → C[a, b] by δ = δ1 ∧ δ2 . Hence, by (1) and (2)
 
|S1 − S2 | < · e + · e =  · e.
2 2
This shows that S1 = S2 . Therefore, the HKS-integral of F with respect to H on [f, g] is
unique.

4. Simple Properties

Theorem 3. If F, G ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and α ∈ R, then

(i) Homogenity: α · F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and

Z g Z g
(HKS) (α · F )dH = α · (HKS) F dH.
f f
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 133

(ii) Linearity: F + G ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and

Z g Z g Z g
(HKS) (F + G)dH = (HKS) F dH + (HKS) GdH.
f f f

Proof.

(i) Let  > 0. Then there exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any δ-fine tagged
division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, g], we have
n Z g
X 
F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH < · e.
f |α| + 1
i=1

Thus, for any δ-fine tagged division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, g]

n
X Z g
(α · F )(ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − α · (HKS) F dH
i=1 f
n
X Z g 
= α F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH
i=1 f

Xn Z g
= |α| · F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH
i=1 f

< |α| · ·e
|α| + 1
<  · e.

This shows that α · F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and

Z g Z g
(HKS) (α · F )dH = α · (HKS) F dH.
f f

(ii) Let  > 0. Then there exists gauge δF on [f, g] such that for any δF -fine tagged
division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, g], we have
n Z g
X 
F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH < · e. (3)
f 2
i=1

Similarly, there exists gauge δG on [f, g] such that for any δG -fine tagged division
Q = {([ki−1 , ki ], si ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , m} of [f, g], we have
m Z g
X 
G(si )[H(ki ) − H(ki−1 )] − (HKS) GdH < · e. (4)
f 2
i=1
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 134

Define δ = δF ∧ δG . Then δ is a gauge on [f, g]. Let D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i =

1, 2, . . . , n} be a δ-fine tagged division of [f, g]. Then D is both δF and δG -fine. By
(3) and (4),
n
X  Z g Z g 
(F + G)(ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH + (HKS) GdH
i=1 f f
n
X Z g
≤ F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH
i=1 f
n
X Z g
+ G(ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) GdH
i=1 f
 
< · e + · e =  · e.
2 2
Therefore, F + G ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and
Z g Z g Z g
(HKS) (F + G)dH = (HKS) F dH + (HKS) GdH.
f f f

Theorem 4. (Linearity of Integrator) If F ∈ HKS([f, g], H1 ) ∩ HKS([f, g], H2 ), then

F ∈ HKS([f, g], H1 + H2 ) and
Z g Z g Z g
(HKS) F d(H1 + H2 ) = (HKS) F dH1 + (HKS) F dH2 .
f f f

Proof. Let  > 0. Then there exists gauge δH1 on [f, g] such that for any δH1 -fine
tagged division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, g], we have
n Z g
X 
F (ti )[H1 (hi ) − H1 (hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH1 < · e. (5)
f 2
i=1

Similarly, there exists gauge δH2 on [f, g] such that for any δH2 -fine tagged division Q =
{([ki−1 , ki ], si ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , m} of [f, g], we have
m Z g
X 
F (si )[H2 (ki ) − H2 (ki−1 )] − (HKS) F dH2 < · e. (6)
f 2
i=1

Define δ = δH1 ∧ δH2 . Then δ is a gauge on [f, g]. Let D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n}

be a δ-fine tagged division of [f, g]. Then D is both δH1 and δH2 -fine. By (5) and (6),
n
X  Z g Z g 
F (ti )[(H1 + H2 )(hi ) − (H1 + H2 )(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH1 + (HKS) F dH2
i=1 f f
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 135

n
X Z g
≤ F (ti )[H1 (hi ) − H1 (hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH1
i=1 f
n
X Z g
+ F (ti )[H2 (hi ) − H2 (hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH2
i=1 f
 
< · e + · e =  · e.
2 2
Therefore, F ∈ HKS([f, g], H1 + H2 ) and
Z g Z g Z g
(HKS) F d(H1 + H2 ) = (HKS) F dH1 + (HKS) F dH2 .
f f f

Theorem 5. (Additivity) Let f ≤ r ≤ g. If F ∈ HKS([f, r], H) and F ∈ HKS([r, g], H),

then F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and
Z g Z r Z g
(HKS) F dH = (HKS) F dH + (HKS) F dH.
f f r

Proof. Let  > 0. Then there exists gauge δ1 on [f, r] such that for any δ1 -fine tagged
division D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} of [f, r], we have
n Z r
X 
F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH < · e. (7)
f 2
i=1

Similarly, there exists gauge δ2 on [r, g] such that for any δ2 -fine tagged division Q =
{([ki−1 , ki ], si ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , m} of [r, g], we have
m Z g
X 
F (si )[H(ki ) − H(ki−1 )] − (HKS) F dH < · e. (8)
r 2
i=1

Define a function δ : [f, g] → C[f, g] by

( δ (h) ∧ (r − h) , if f ≤ h ≤ r
1
δ(h) = δ1 (h ∧ r) ∧ δ2 (h ∨ r) , if h = r or h is incomparable to r
δ2 (h) ∧ (h − r) , if r ≤ h ≤ g.

Then δ is a gauge on [f, g]. Let D = {([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , n} be a δ-fine tagged

division of [f, g]. By definition of δ, we have r = hi0 for some i0 ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}. Hence,
D = D1 ∪ D2 for some δ1 -fine tagged division D1 of [f, r] and δ2 -fine tagged division D2
of [r, g]. By (7) and (8),
n
X  Z r Z g 
F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − (HKS) F dH + (HKS) F dH <  · e.
i=1 f r
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 136

Therefore, F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and

Z g Z r Z g
(HKS) F dH = (HKS) F dH + (HKS) F dH.
f f r

In the next theorem, we give an analogous form of Cauchy criterion for HKS−integral.

Theorem 6. (Cauchy Criterion) F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) if and only if for every  > 0 there
exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any δ-fine tagged divisions D = {([u, v], t)} and
Q = {([u0 , v 0 ], s)} of [f, g], we have
X X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (s)[H(v 0 ) − H(u0 )] <  · e.
D Q

Proof. (⇒) Let  > 0. Then there exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any δ-fine
tagged division D = {([u, v], t)} of [f, g], we have
Z g
X 
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − (HKS) F dH < · e. (9)
f 2
D

Let D = {([u, v], t)} and Q = {([u0 , v 0 ], s)} be any δ-fine tagged divisions of [f, g]. By (9)
X X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (s)[H(v 0 ) − H(u0 )] <  · e.
D Q

(⇐) By assumption, for each n ∈ N, there exists a gauge δn on [f, g] such that for any
δn -fine division D = {([u, v], t)} and Q = {([u0 , v 0 ], s)} of [f, g], we have
X X 1
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (s)[H(v 0 ) − H(u0 )] < · e. (10)
n
D Q

We may assume that {δn } is decreasing; that is, δn ≥ δn+1 for all n.

Now, for each n ∈ N, fix a δn -fine tagged division Dn = {([u, v], t)} of [f, g] and we
write X
rn = F (t)[H(v) − H(u)].
Dn

Note that if m ≥ n then δn ≥ δm ; implying that every δm -fine tagged division of [f, g] is
also a δn -fine tagged division of [f, g]. Thus, for all m > n
X X 1
|rn − rm | = F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (s)[H(v 0 ) − H(u0 )] < · e.
n
Dn Dm
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 137

Hence, {rn } is a Cauchy sequence in C[a, b]. Since C[a, b] is complete, {rn } converges to
some r ∈ C[a, b]. We claim that
Z g
r = (HKS) F dH.
f

Let  > 0. Since lim rn = r in C[a, b], there exists N1 ∈ N such that for any n ≥ N1 ,
n→∞


rn − r < e · . (11)
2
By Archimedean Principle, there exists N2 ∈ N such that N12 < 2 . Take N = N1 ∧ N2 .
Define a gauge δ : [f, g] → C[a, b] by δ = δN . Let D = {([u, v], t)} be any δ-fine tagged
division of [f, g]. Note that D is also δN -fine tagged division of [f, g], N ≥ N1 and N ≥ N2 .
Thus, by (10) and (11)
X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − r <  · e.
D

This proves our claim.

Theorem 7. If F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and [r, s] ⊆ [f, g], then F ∈ HKS([r, s], H).

Proof. Let  > 0. By Theorem 6, there exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any
δ-fine tagged divisions D and Q of [f, g], we have
X X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] <  · e. (12)
D Q

Consider any δ-fine tagged divisions P1 and P2 of [r, s]. If D1 is any δ-fine tagged division
of [f, r] and D2 is any δ-fine tagged division of [s, g], then

D = D1 ∪ P1 ∪ D2 and Q = D1 ∪ P2 ∪ D2

are δ-fine tagged divisions of [f, g] and by (12)

X X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] <  · e.
P1 P2

By Cauchy criterion, F ∈ HKS([r, s], H).

Theorem 8. Let H : [f, g] → C[a, b] be increasing, that is, H(k) ≤ H(h) for any k ≤ h
in [f, g]. If F ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and F (h) ≥ θ for every h ∈ [f, g], then
Z g
(HKS) F dH ≥ θ.
f
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 138

Proof. Let  > 0. Then there exists a gauge δ on [f, g] such that for any δ-fine tagged
division D of [f, g], we have
X Z g
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] − (HKS) F dH <  · e. (13)
D f

Since F (h) ≥ θ for all h ∈ [f, g] and H is increasing,

X
F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] ≥ θ.
D

Therefore,
X Z g
θ≤ F (t)[H(v) − H(u)] < (HKS) F dH +  · e.
D f

Since  > 0 is arbitrary, Z g

(HKS) F dH ≥ θ.
f

Theorem 9. If F, G ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and F (h) ≤ G(h), for all h ∈ [f, g], then
Z g Z g
(HKS) F dH ≤ (HKS) GdH.
f f

Proof. Define a function E on [f, g] by setting E(h) = G(h) − F (h), for all h ∈ [f, g].
Then E(h) ≥ θ, for all h ∈ [f, g]. Since F, G ∈ HKS([f, g], H), E ∈ HKS([f, g], H) and
by Theorem 8 Z g
(HKS) EdH ≥ θ.
f

Hence,
Z g Z g Z g Z g
θ ≤ (HKS) EdH = (HKS) (G − F )dH = (HKS) GdH − (HKS) F dH.
f f f f

Therefore, Z g Z g
(HKS) GdH ≤ (HKS) F dH.
f f

5. An Existence Theorem

A function F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is bounded on [f, g] if there exists K ≥ θ in C[a, b] such

that
|F (h)| ≤ K, for all h ∈ [f, g].
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 139

A function F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is continuous at h0 ∈ [f, g], if for any  > 0 there exists
δ = δ(h0 ) > θ such that whenever h ∈ [f, g] with |h − h0 | < δ, we have

F (h) − F (h0 ) <  · e.

F is said to be uniformly continuous on [f, g], if for any  > 0 there exists δ > θ such
that whenever h, h0 ∈ [f, g] with |h0 − h| < δ, we have

F (h0 ) − F (h) <  · e.

If F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is uniformly continuous on [f, g], then it is continuous on [f, g].
Definition 3. Let D1 and D2 be tagged divisions of [f, g]. We say that D2 is finer than
D1 , denoted by D1  D2 , if for every ([u, v], t) ∈ D2 there exists ([u0 , v 0 ], t0 ) ∈ D1 such
that [u, v] ⊆ [u0 , v 0 ], and every tag in D1 is a tag in D2 . For every ([u0 , v 0 ], t0 ) ∈ D1 ,
the tagged division P = {([zi−1 , zi ], ti ) ∈ D2 : [zi−1 , zi ] ⊆ [u0 , v 0 ], i = 1, 2, . . . , n} is the
refinement of ([u0 , v 0 ], t0 ) in D2 .
We can easily see that if D1 and D2 are tagged divisions of [f, g], then there exists a
tagged division D0 of [f, g] such that D1  D0 and D2  D0 .

Let D([f, g]) be the collection of all divisions of [f, g]. For F : [f, g] → C[a, b] and
D = {[u, v]} ∈ D([f, g]), the variation of F over D is given by
X
var(F, D) = F (v) − F (u) .
D

Note that for any division D of [f, g], var(F, D) is a continuous function on [a, b]; that is,
var(F, D) ∈ C[a, b], for any D ∈ D([f, g]).
Definition 4. We say that the function F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is of bounded variation on
[f, g] if
υF = υ(F ; [f, g]) = sup var(F, D)
D∈D([f,g])

is continuous on [a, b]; that is, υF ∈ C[a, b].

Note that for any F : [f, g] → C[a, b], υF is a mapping from [a, b] to [0, +∞]; that is,

0 ≤ υF (x) ≤ +∞, for all x ∈ [a, b].

Hence, if F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is of bounded variation, then

0 ≤ υF (x) < +∞, for all x ∈ [a, b].

Theorem 10. Let H : [f, g] 7→ C[a, b] be of bounded variation. Then the variation of H
is additive; that is, if f ≤ r ≤ g, then

υ(H; [f, g]) = υ(H; [f, r]) + υ(H; [r, g]).

A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 140

Proof. Suppose that H : [f, g] → C[a, b] is of bounded variation. Let r ∈ [f, g] and
D = {h0 , . . . , hn } be a division of [f, g]. Then D0 = {h0 , . . . , hk−1 , r, hk , . . . , hn } is a
refinement of D obtained by adjoining r to D. Thus
X X X
H(v) − H(u) ≤ H(v) − H(u) + H(v) − H(u)
D D1 D2

where D1 = {f = h0 , h1 , . . . , hk−1 , r} and D2 = {r, hk , . . . , hn = g}. Note that D0 =

D1 ∪ D2 and that
X X 
H(v) − H(u) ≤ sup H(v) − H(u) = υ(H; [f, r]) and
D1 D∈D([f,r]) D
X X 
H(v) − H(u) ≤ sup H(v) − H(u) = υ(H; [r, g]).
D2 D∈D([r,g]) D

Hence,
X 
υ(H; [f, g]) = sup H(v) − H(u) ≤ υ(H; [f, r]) + υ(H; [r, g]).
D∈D([f,g]) D

On the other hand, for any D1 ∈ D([f, r]) and D2 ∈ D([r, g]), their union D0 =
D1 ∪ D2 ∈ Dr ([f, g]), where Dr ([f, g]) is the set of all divisions of [f, g] with r as one of
the division points. Note that Dr ([f, g]) ⊆ D([f, g]). Hence,
X  X 
sup H(v) − H(u) ≤ sup H(v) − H(u) = υ(H; [f, g])
D0 ∈Dr ([f,g]) D0 D∈D([f,g]) D

Thus,
X 
υ(H; [f, r]) + υ(H; [r, g]) ≤ sup H(v) − H(u)
D0 ∈Dr ([f,g]) D0
≤ υ(H; [f, g]).

Therefore, combining the two inequalities

υ(H; [f, r]) + υ(H; [r, g]) = υ(H; [f, g]).

Theorem 11. (Existence Theorem) If F : [f, g] → C[a, b] is continuous and H : [f, g] →

C[a, b] is of bounded variation on [f, g], then F ∈ HKS([f, g], H).
Proof. Let  > 0. Since H is of bounded variation, υH ∈ C[a, b]. This means that
there exists K > 0 such that υH (x) ≤ K for all x ∈ [a, b] . Since F is continuous on
[f, g], for all h0 ∈ [f, g] there exists δ0 (h0 ) > θ in C[a, b] such that whenever h ∈ [f, g] with
|h − h0 | < δ0 (h0 ), we have
|F (h) − F (h0 )| <  · e.
A. Cunanan, J. Benitez / Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math, 13 (1) (2020), 130-143 141

δ0 (h)
Define a gauge δ on [f, g] by δ(h) = 2 , for all h ∈ [f, g]. Let

D = {([f, h1 ], t1 ), ([h1 , h2 ], t2 ), . . . , ([hm−1 , g], tm )}

and
Q = {([f, k1 ], r1 ), ([k1 , k2 ], r2 ), . . . , ([kq−1 , g], rq )}
be δ-fine tagged divisions of [f, g]. Then there exists a tagged division D0 such that
D  D0 and Q  D0 . Now, for every ([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) ∈ D, f = h0 , hm = g, 1 ≤ i ≤ m,
consider the difference
 
∆(hi−1 , hi ) = F (ti ) H(hi ) − H(hi−1 ) − S(F, H; Pi )

where   ni

(i) (i) (i) (i)
Pi = zj−1 , zj , sj , z0 = hi−1 , zn(i)i = hi
j−1

is the refinement of ([hi−1 , hi ], ti ) in D0 . Then

ni
(i)  (i) (i) 
X 
∆(hi−1 , hi ) = F (ti ) − F (sj ) H(zj ) − H(zj−1 ) .
j=1

(i)
Now, sj , ti ∈ [hi−1 , hi ] ⊆ (ti − δ(ti ), ti + δ(ti )) which implies that

(i)
ti − sj ≤ hi − hi−1 < δ(ti ).

By continuity of F at ti ,

(i) δ0 (ti ) (i)

sj − ti < δ(ti ) = < δ0 (ti ) ⇒ F (sj ) − F (ti ) <  · e.
2

So,
ni
(i)  (i) (i) 
X 
|∆(hi−1 , hi )| = F (ti ) − F (sj ) H(zj ) − H(zj−1 ) .
j=1

Hence, by Theorem 10, we have

m
X m
X
S(F, H; D) − S(F, H; D0 ) = F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − S(F, H, Pi )
i=1 i=1
m 
X  m
X
= F (ti )[H(hi ) − H(hi−1 )] − S(F, H, Pi ) = ∆(hi−1 , hi )
i=1 i=1
m
X
≤ ∆(hi−1 , hi )
i=1
REFERENCES 142

ni
m X
(i)  (i) (i) 
X 
= F (ti ) − F (sj ) H(zj ) − H(zj−1 )
i=1 j=1
m X ni 
(i) (i) (i)
X
≤ F (ti ) − F (sj ) H(zj ) − H(zj−1 )
i=1 j=1
m  ni 
X X  (i) (i)
≤ · e · H(zj ) − H(zj−1 )
K
i=1 j=1
m X ni 
 X (i) (i)
≤ ·e· H(zj ) − H(zj−1 )
K
i=1 j=1
m
 X
≤ ·e· υ(H; [hi−1 , hi ])
K
i=1
 
= · e · υH < · e · K <  · e.
K K
By similar argument,
S(F, H; Q) − S(F, H; D0 ) <  · e.
Thus,

S(F, H; D) − S(F, H; Q) = S(F, H; D) − S(F, H; D0 ) + S(F, H; D0 ) − S(F, H; Q)

≤ S(F, H; D) − S(F, H; D0 ) + S(F, H; Q) − S(F, H; D0 )

< ·e+·e
= 2 · e.

By Cauchy criterion, F ∈ HKS([f, g], H).

Acknowledgements

This article is funded by CHED-K12 Transition Program.

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