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4/9/24, 9:32 AM Initial Value Thcorcm of Laplace Transform

Solulon 4(2).
InitialValue Theorem of Laplace Transform
Signals and Systems Electronics & Electrical Digital Electronics

Laplace Transform
The Laplace transform is a mathematical tool which is used to convert the differential
equation in time domain into the algebraic equations in the frequency domain or s
domain.

Mathematically, if at) is a time domain function, then its Laplace transform is defined as

LËa()]= X(s) = at)e dt ...(1)

Equation (1) gives the bilateral Laplace transform of the function a(t). But for the causal
signals, the unilateral Laplace transform is applied, which is defined as

Lla(t)] = X(s) = z(t)e dt ...(2)

InitialValue Theorem
The initial value theorem of Laplace transform enables us to calculate the initial value of a
function zlt) [i.e., z(0)] directly from its Laplace transform X(s) without the need for
finding the inverse Laplace transform of X(s).

Statement

The initial value theorem of Laplace transform states that, if

LT
a(t) X(s)
Then,

lim
t+0
z(t) = (0) = lim sX(s) S’o0

Proof
Fromthe definition of unilateral Laplace transform, we have,

L|a(!)) X(9) a(t)e dt

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/initial-value-theorem-of-laplace-transform 1/3
 24, 9:32 AM
Initial Value Theorem of Laplace Transform
Taking differentiation on both sides, we get,

L
de(1) du( t) st
dt
dt dt

du( t) LT
By the time differentiation property i.e.., dt sX(s) 0 )) of Laplace
transform, we get,

L dal t), da(t)

-sl dt=sX(s) - z(0)
dt dt

Now, taking lim,on both sides, we have,

da( t) st
lim { dt dt} = limn {sX(s) - z(0)}

’0= lim sX(s) - (0)

S’o0

’ (0) = lim sX(s)S’O0

Therefore, we have,

lim
t 0
a(t) = 0) = lim sX(s) S’o0

Numerical Example
First determine a(t) and then verify the initial value theorem of the function given by,
1
X(s) =
(s+3)

Solution
The given function is,
1
X(3) =
(s+ 3)
Taking inverse Laplace transform of X(s), we have,

alt) L'|X(9)) =I (s+ 3)

->z(t) =e 3t
Therefore, the initial value of the function is,

a{0) = (a()o
https:l/www.tutorialspoint.com/initial-value-theorem-of-laplace-transform 2/3
 932AM Initial Value Theorem of Laplace Transform
’ (0) =le 31,==1
Again, by the initial value theorem, we obtain,
1
a(0) = lin sX(s) = lim s
(s+ 3)
’ a(0) = lim =1
(1+ )
Hence, the initial value theorem is verified for the given function.