Science7 Q4 Module4 RiseAboveSinkBelowBlowAround

7
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Rise Above, Sink Below, and
Blow Around
CO_Q4_Science7_ Module4
Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Rise Above, Sink Below, and Blow Around
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ma. Sheila S. Manila

Editors: Lenie G. Forro, Rowena P. Matavia, Miraflor A. Albios,
Cynthia S. Bustillo
Reviewers: Yusof A. Aliudin, Mary Joy D. Bautsita,
Agabai S. Kandalayang, Mary Anne A. Barrientos Analyn J.
Layout Artist: Madera,
Glen D. Napoles,
Allan T. Basubas
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Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo
Isagani S. Dela Cruz
Gilbert B. Barrera
Arturo D. Tingson, Jr.
Peter Van C. Ang-ug
Elpidio B. Daquipil
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Lenie G. Forro
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7
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Rise Above, Sink Below, and Blow
Around
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the
post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
What have you learned about the earth’s atmosphere? It plays an important role
in our lives. The earth’s atmosphere is composed of different layers where significant
processes occur such as the weather systems. The different weather phenomena that
we experience on the planet are the result of the interaction of factors and processes
such as geography, location, and the sun’s radiation. This lesson will discuss the
processes and behavior of the various weather systems.
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Demonstrate an understanding on the account for the occurrence of land and

sea breezes, monsoons, and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). (S7ES-IVf-7)
This module is divided into two lessons:

Lesson 1: Behavior of heated air and surrounding air
Lesson 2: Atmospheric Phenomena: Breezes, Monsoon, and Intertropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain what happens when air is heated;
2. describe the direction of heated or warm air;
3. cite the effect of unequal temperature of air in the atmosphere;
4. identify common atmospheric phenomena such as breezes, monsoons,
and intertropical convergence zone;
5. compare the types of breezes and monsoons; and
6. explains the occurrences of Intertropical convergence zone,
breezes, and monsoon.
What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Why does warm air rise in the atmosphere?

A. It is denser than cold air
B. It is less dense than cold air
C. It weighs more than cold air
D. It has higher pressure than cold air
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CO_Q4_Science7_Module4
2. Which of the following will cause wind or movement of air in our atmosphere?
A. Differences in altitude
B. Differences in pressure
C. Differences in temperature and altitude
D. Differences in temperature and pressure
3. When does air rise in the atmosphere?

A. If air particles are cold
B. When air is warm and less dense
C. When air is denser than other air particles
D. If the air pressure around the place is higher
4. What causes the differences of air pressure in the atmosphere?

A. Waves of ocean’s water
B. Rotation of earth on its axis
C. Rising and falling of water tides
D. Unequal heating of earth’s atmosphere
5. What will happen if there is a difference between air pressure and temperature in the
atmosphere?
A. Formation of wind
B. Creation of tides in ocean
C. Increase in force of gravity
D. Continuation of earth’s rotation
6. The following materials are found in our surroundings. Which one of these is the best
absorber of heat?
A. Oil
B. Juice
C. Rock
D. Water
7. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describe about cool and warm air?
I. Cool air is denser than warm air.

II. Cool air’s density is the same with the density of warm air.
III. Cool air is denser than warm air and it sinks on the ground.
VI. Warm air is less dense than cool air and it will rise on the atmosphere.
A. I, II and III only
B. I, III, and IV only
C. II, III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only
8. When air particles in atmosphere are heated, then its temperature increases. Does
increase in its temperature cause the decrease in its density?
A. No, because only the temperature changed and not the density.
B. No, because the density of air particles is not related to its temperature.
C. Yes, because the density of air is inversely proportional to its temperature.
D. Yes, because the density and temperature of air are directly related to each other
2
9. What will happen to the particles of air when it is heated?
A. Expand
B. Explode
C. Float
D. Sink
10. Why do air particles rise if it is heated?

A. Because the temperature is low
B. Because its temperature increases
C. Because it is free to flow everywhere
D. Because it has very small particles and light weight
11. Which of the following statements are true?
I. All winds are caused by differences in air pressure.

II. Air over the heated surface expands and becomes denser.
III. Air is moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
IV. Cool dense air has high air pressure and flows underneath the warm less
dense air

B. I, III and IV only
C. I, II, and IV only
D. II, III, and IV only
12. What happens to air particles when its temperature decreases?

A. Stays in place
B. Expand, then rise
C. Spread in all directions
D. Moves toward a low pressure area
13. Why does air sink?

A. Because it has low density
B. Because it has unstable density
C. Because its temperature is low making it denser
D. Because its temperature is high resulting it to be less dense
14. Which of the following statements are TRUE about surrounding air when warm air
rises in the atmosphere?
I. it is moving to a low pressure area
II. it moves away from the place where warm air is rising
III. it will rise and sink towards the place of rising warm air
IV. it moves towards the place where warm air is rising in the atmosphere.
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, III, and IV
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15. Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of cold air?
A. denser and less pressure
B. denser and more pressure
C. less dense and less pressure
D. less dense and more pressure
Lesson
Behaviors of Heated Air
1 and Surrounding Air
What’s In
Activity 1: Which warms up faster; sand or water?
Materials
 2 identical plastic containers/recycled bottle or jar (mayonnaise)
 2 thermometers (optional)
 2 improvised stands (made of stick)
 String
 Water in one jar/plastic container
 Sand in one jar/plastic container
Procedures:
1. Prepare your two empty plastic containers/jars and fill each container with sand
and water respectively.
2. Set-up your two plastic containers containing sand and water similar to figure 1
then place the setup in a shaded area.
Figure 1: Set-up for activity 1

(Photo: Courtesy of Ma. Sheila S. Manila)
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3. If thermometer is not available, you may use your sense of touch (by touching the
water and sand) to monitor/check the temperature after 5 and 10 minutes.
Q1. Did the temperature of sand and water change after 10 minutes?
Q2. If thermometer was used, what is the initial reading temperature of sand and
water?
4. Place your set-up in an area exposed to sunlight and wait for another 10 minutes
before checking the temperature.
5. Using thermometer, determine the temperature of the two set-ups every 5 minutes.
Copy and record the temperature on the table below.
Observation time(min.) Water Sand
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6. Without the use of thermometer, record the temperature reading qualitatively by

stating as same temperature, warmer than or colder than in every 5 minutes. Copy
and record the temperature on the table below.
Observation time(min.) Water Sand
10
7. After 25 minutes, place your two set-ups in a shaded area to identify which of the two
will easily decrease its temperature. Record the temperature readings of sand and
water every 5 minutes (with or without the use of thermometer).
Q3. Which of the two set-ups easily increased its temperature after 10 minutes?
Q4. Which easily decreased its temperature after 25 minutes; sand or water?
Rubric Scoring
Criteria 5 3 1 Score
Provided detailed Provided clear Provided unclear
explanation and explanation but explanation and
Knowledge complete incomplete response incomplete response
response to the to the question. to the question
question.
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Part II: Directions: Let’s try to perform the activity below!
Activity 2: Rising paper bag
Materials needed:
 two paper bags
 candle
 1-meter stick/ long straight stick
 Match
 Masking tape/scotch tape
 Chair
 Pail with water
CAUTION: Please conduct the activity with caution. Use the candle carefully to
prevent fire-related accidents. Ask assistance from your parents/guardians while
doing the activity.
Procedures:
1. Prepare an area outside your house where you can easily conduct an activity. See to
it the place is away from flammable materials.
2. Prepare needed materials and one pail containing water in case of unexpected fire.
3. Attach a paper bag to each end of one meter long straight stick or meter stick.
4. The open part of the paper bag must be facing downward.
5. Place and balance your one meter long straight stick on the chair similar to figure 2.
Figure 2: One-meter-long straight stick with paper bags on each side.

(Photo and illustrated by: Ma. Sheila S. Manila)
6. Light your candle and carefully place it below one of the paper bags and observe what
will happen.
Q1. What happened to the paper bag after you placed the lighted candle below it?
Q2. How will you explain the occurrence observed on the paper bag?
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What’s New
Activity 3: Rising warm air inside the box!

Materials needed:
 1 box (at least 30cm 2)

 Candle
 Match
 Scissors
 Cardboard tube/pipe (10 cm long)
 Mosquito coil
 Clear plastic/cover cellophane (30cm2)
 Packing/scotch tape
CAUTION: Please conduct the activity with caution. Use the candle carefully to
prevent fire-related accidents. Ask assistance from your parents/guardians while
doing the activity.
Procedures:
1. Make two holes in your prepared box, one on top portion and another on one end
side of a box. Place the cardboard tube or pipe and tape it on top hole of a box.
2. Make a window part in one side of a box. Cover whole window with a clear/cover
cellophane and tape it to make the box airtight. Leave a part on window where
you can easily open it.
3. Open the box’s window and place a lighted candle directly below the hole on top
of a box.
4. After placing your lighted candle inside, close the window of the box.
5. Light your mosquito coil until it produces a smoke and place it on the side hole
of the box as displayed in figure 3.
Figure 3: Set-up for activity 3

(Illustrated by: Ma. Sheila S. Manila)
6. Observe the movement of smoke outside the box.
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Q1. What will happen with the temperature of air above the lighted candle inside the box?
Q2. If the temperature of air inside the box is higher, what will happen to the air?
Q3. What have you observed on the smoke coming from mosquito coil beside the box?
Q4. How could you explain the movement of air inside and outside the box?
Rubric Scoring
question.
What is it
Which warms faster?
Specific heat capacity is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (0C). Substance with low
specific heat capacity heats up faster while a substance with high specific heat capacity
heats up slowly.
In activity 1, water warms and cools down slowly because it is colorless and has
a high specific heat capacity. Water needs more amount of energy from the sun to
increase its temperature in a longer period of time.
Sand warms and cools down faster because it has dark color and has a low
specific heat capacity. Sand doesn’t need much energy from the sun to warm in a short
period of time.
What happens when air is heated?
In activity 2, you observed that one paper bag rose while the other paper bag
dropped. The paper bag moving was caused by the rising warm air from the lighted
candle below it that pushed the bag upward. The activity shows that heated or warm
air rises or tends to move upward.
Why does heated air move upward?
Have you seen floating objects on water? When oil is mixed with water, a layer
of oil appears on the surface of the water because oil is less dense than water. Density
is how tightly packed the molecules are in an object. Oil is less dense than water
because its particles are less tightly packed than water molecules. If an object sinks, it
is denser than the other object.
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When air is heated, its molecules gain enough energy to move around faster and
spread out. When a mass of air takes up more space, it becomes less dense than the
surrounding air molecules. Hence, warm air rises above the cold and denser air below
it.
Is the surrounding air affected by the rising sir?
In activity 3, the air above the lighted candle became warm and less dense than
the rest of the air inside the box which caused it to rise. You observed that the smoke
from the mosquito coil moved inside the box through the side hole. This is so because
it came through the cool air inlet at the side. This movement of the smoke inside the
box shows that the surrounding air is affected by the rising warm air. The rising warm
air creates a low pressure inside the box which pulls in cool air from the outside to
replace the rising air. Low air pressure is associated with rising air as air particles
leave the surface. As the cool air descends, it creates a high pressure at the surface. Air
that moves from places of high pressure to low pressure make winds.
Q1. What happens to the warm air?

Q2. Why does warm air rise?
Q3. Does rising air affect the movement of air from its surrounding?
What is Convection?
Convection is heat transfer by the movement of heated fluid like air. During
convection, heated particles of fluid begin to flow, transferring heat from one part of the
fluid to another. Convection is caused by differences of temperature and density within
a fluid like air. Density is a measure of how much mass than the same volume of fluid.
What’s More
Activity 4: Warm air VS. Surrounding air
Materials needed:
 Long bond paper
 Pencil/Pentel pen
 Ruler
Part A.
Procedures:
1. Study and analyze the given diagram on figure 4.

2. Based on activity 3, draw arrows to correctly show the direction of warm air
and surrounding air in figure 4.
3. Answer the following guide questions based on figure 4.
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Warm air
Surrounding air
Candle
Figure 4: Direction of warm and surrounding air

Q1. Is the movement of warm air always upward?

Q2. Why is it that the warm air rises?
Q3. How will you describe the movement of surrounding air?
Q4. Compare the direction of movements between surrounding air and warm air.
Rubric Scoring
question.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Read each item below and fill in the blank to make the sentence correct.
Choose your answer inside the box. Copy and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
warm air low rises less dense denser expands high
1. The warm air when it is heated.

2. The movement of surroundings air is affected by the rising .
3. The air when it is heated.
4. The warm air is than cold air.
5. The direction of air is from an area of pressure to pressure.
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What I Can Do
Directions: Using a separate sheet of paper, make a design on how you can maximize
natural ventilation in your house. Answer the following guide questions.
Q1. Why do we need to maximize natural ventilation in our house?

Q2. What will happen if our house is having poor ventilation?
Rubric Scoring
Design/dra Presented well Presented well Presented
wing designed and designed but incomplete
complete parts of incomplete parts of designed of
ventilated house. ventilated house. ventilated house.
Knowledge Provides detailed Provides Provides unclear
explanation explanation explanation
Assessment
1. Why does cool air sink?

A. It is denser than warm air.
B. It is less dense than warm air.
C. Its weight is equal to warm air.
D. Its weight is less than warm air.
2. Which of the following will cause wind or movement of air in our atmosphere?
A. Differences in altitude
B. Differences in pressure
C. Differences in temperature and altitude
D. Differences in temperature and pressure
3. When do air particles sink to the ground?

A. If air particles are warm
B. If the air particles are cool and denser
C. When the pressure around the place is higher
D. When the air is less dense than other air particles
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4. What causes air to rise in the atmosphere?
A. Increases of air pressure
B. Increases in temperature of air
C. Decreases in temperature of air
D. Decrease of both pressure and temperature of air
5. Which of the following will occurs in the atmosphere due to temperature differences
of air?
A. Melting of cool air
B. Sinking of warm air
C. Floating of warm and cool air
D. Sinking of cool air and rising of warm air
6. The following materials are found in our surroundings. Which one of these is the best
absorber of heat?
A. Oil
B. Juice
C. Rock
D. Water
7. Which of the following statements describes CORRECTLY about cool and warm air?
I. Cool air is denser than warm air.
II. Cool air’s density is the same with the density of warm air.
III. Cool air is denser than warm air thus it sinks on the ground.
VI. Warm air is less dense than cool air thus it will rise in the atmosphere.
B. I, III, and IV only
C. II, III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only
8. When air particles in the atmosphere are heated, the temperature increases. Does
increase in its temperature cause increase in its density?
A. No, because the higher temperature of air the lesser its density.
B. No, because the density of air is not affected by its temperature at all.
C. Yes, because the density of air will increase if its temperature increases too.
D. Yes, because the density and temperature of air are directly related to each
other.
9. What happens when air is heated?

A. Stays in place
B. Expands, then rise
C. Spreads in all direction
D. Moves toward a lower elevation
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10. Why does air rises?
A. Because the temperature is low
B. Because its temperature increases
C. Because it is free to flow everywhere
D. Because it has very small particles and light weight
11. What happens to the surrounding air when warm air rises in the atmosphere?
I. it will sink and moves in a low pressure area.
II. it moves away from the place where warm air is rising
III. it will rise and sink towards the place of rising warm air
IV. it moves towards the place where warm air is rising in the atmosphere.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I and IV only
D. I, II, III, and IV
12. Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of cold air?
A. denser and less pressure
B. denser and more pressure
C. less dense and less pressure
D. less dense and more pressure
For items 13-15 refer to the diagram given below.
Warm air
Surrounding air
Candle
13. From illustration, what is the direction of warm air?

A. Moving downward
B. Moving inside the box
C. Rising towards the atmosphere
D. Moving upward and downward
14. Based on the illustration, why is the surrounding air moving towards the place
where warm air is rising?
A. Because air is always available in atmosphere
B. Because air always moves into a low-pressure area
C. Because the place of rising air has high pressure area
D. Because air always attracted to the place where air is rising
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15. How will you describe the direction of warm air and surrounding air?
A. Warm and surrounding air rises
B. Surrounding air rise but not warm air
C. Warm air moves toward the surrounding air
D. Warm air rises and is replaced by surrounding cool air
Additional Activities
Directions: Study and analyze the following human activities in the given pictures.
Complete the table by identifying human activities and giving the possible effects of
these activities in our atmosphere.
A B C
(Photos: Courtesy of Ma. Sheila S. Manila)

Cutting of trees for lumber Littering of waste Burning of garbage
Human activities Effect in the atmosphere

A
B
C
Q1. What are the human activities that contribute negative effects to our atmosphere?
Q2. As a student, what you can do to protect our atmosphere?
What I Know
1. How does air move in land breeze?

A. From sea to land
B. From land to sea
C. From east to west
D. From west to east
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2. Why does land breeze occur during night time?
A. Because water cools off faster than land, air above land is warm
B. Because land cools off slower than water, air above water is cool
C. Because water cools off slower than land, air above the water is warm
D. Because land heats up faster than water, air above the land stays warm
3. When warm air rises on land or water, what happens to the air pressure at the
surface?
A. Constant
B. High
C. Low
D. Unstable
4. Which of the following statements best describe between the heating and cooling rates
of land mass and body of water?
I. Land heats up and cools down faster than water.
II. Water heats up and cools down slower than the land.
III. Land and water heats up and cools down at the same time.
IV. Water heats up and cools down faster compared to the land.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only
5. During day time, which of the following statements is TRUE about the air above the
land and sea?
A. Air above the land is cool and air above the sea is warm.
B. Sea air is higher in temperature than the temperature of land air.
C. Air above land is warm and it rise, then cool sea air moves towards the land.
D. Air above land and sea are in equal temperature and then both move upwards.
6. Which of the following statements account for the occurrence of land and sea
breezes?
I. Differences in air pressure and temperature between land and water.
II. Similarities in air pressure and temperature between land and water.
III. Movement of wind from higher pressure area towards a lower pressure area
IV. Movement of winds from one place to another caused by the differences of air
temperature and pressure in surroundings.
A. I, II, III, and IV

B. I, II, and IV only
C. I, III, and IV only
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7. Which of the following occurs during nighttime?
A. Sea breeze
B. Land breeze
C. Night breeze
D. Sea land breeze
8. Which of the following types of monsoon brings a heavy rain in the Philippines?
A. East west monsoon
B. Northeast monsoon
C. Northwest monsoon
D. Southwest monsoon
9. What months does hanging habagat occur in the Philippines?

A. June to October
B. January to February
C. October to December
D. December to January
10. Why do different types of monsoons occur?

A. Because of the seasons
B. Because wind blows from warm to cold regions
C. Because of seasonal shifts in wind patterns around the globe
D. Because of the movement of air from one place to another place
11. Which of the following statements correctly describes land breeze?

A. It is a local wind that blows from polar region to equator.
B. A global wind system categorized by the flow of air from water to land at night.
C. A local wind system characterized by the flow of air from land to water late at night.
D. It is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass.
12. During nighttime, how will you describe movement of air on land and water?
A. Air above land will move away from sea surface
B. Air above land will rise and replaces by air from sea
C. Air above sea will rise and replaces by air from land
D. Air above land and sea will rise, and then both will sink
13. Which of the following describes the direction of winds in different parts of the
world?
A. Low pressure to high pressure area
B. High pressure to low pressure area
C. Low pressure to lower pressure area
D. High pressure to higher pressure area
14. What type of breezes occurs during daytime?

A. Day breeze
B. Sea breeze
C. Land breeze
D. Sea land breeze
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15. Your teacher explained that the wind direction during the day is usually the reverse
of wind direction at night. Do you agree with your teacher?
A. No, because breezes describe movement of air in one direction.
B. No, because this is only an indication of change in our weather condition.
C. Yes, because of the differences in air pressure and temperature between two
different places
D. Yes, because the air temperature remains the same all throughout the day
between two different places
Lesson Atmospheric Phenomena: Breezes,

2 Monsoon, and Intertropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
What’s In
Directions: Study the table below and examine the differences in the changes of
temperature between sand and water. Do this in a separate sheet of paper.
Table 1: Temperature reading between sand and water under the sun for 10 minutes.
Observation time Water (Degree Celsius) C0 Sand (Degree Celsius) C0
(min.)
0 36 36
5 36 37
10 37 38
Q1. Which has higher temperature after 10minutes?

Q2. Which of the two get easily warm under the sun?
Table 2: Temperature reading between sand and water after exposure to sunlight.
Observation time (min.) Water ( Degree Celsius) C0 Sand( Degree Celsius) C0
0 39 40
5 38.5 38
10 37 36
15 37.5 35
20 36 35
25 36 35
Q1. Which has lower temperature after 25 minutes?

Q2. What can you infer between the temperature of sand and water?
Q3. If sand will represent the land and water will represent the body of water, what do
you think is the result of this unequal temperature in our environment?
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Rubric Scoring
question.
What’s New
Activity 5: Rising and sinking air

Directions: Study and analyze the differences between two pictures below.
 Picture A shows the movement of air during day time.
 Picture B shows the movement of air during nighttime
Figure 5: Movements of air during day and night time.

Q1. Based on the two pictures, what are the directions of air movement?
Q2. Why is there a difference between the movement of air during daytime and
nighttime?
Q3. What do you call these movements of air in pictures A and B?
Rubric Scoring
question.
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What is It
In the figure below (Figure 6), warm air above the land surface rises. This is
because the sun heats up land more quickly than water. When the air above land is
heated, it expands and begins to rise. The cooler air from above the surface of the sea
moves toward the land to replace the rising air. This movement of air creates a local
wind known as sea breeze. Sea breeze occurs at daytime and provides a cooling effect
on those near the shore.
Warm air rises

Air blows in from the sea to
above land
replace rising air
Figure 6: Sea Breeze
Air blows out to sea to replace rising air
Warm air rises

above sea
Figure 7: Land Breeze

At night, the land cools faster than the sea. Thus, the warm air above the sea
surface pulls in the cooler air from the land surface. This local wind is known as the
land breeze. Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the
seasons are called monsoons.
What are Monsoons?
The local winds created from the differential heating of land and sea can also be
felt over a much larger geographic area or region. This is a major wind system known
as monsoons. Monsoons are characterized by a dramatic seasonal change in the
direction of the prevailing winds over a large area. This change in the direction of the
prevailing winds brings about changes in the amount of rainfall and leads to the distinct
wet and dry seasons. There are two kinds of monsoons which are experienced in the
country-the northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon.
The northeast monsoon locally known as amihan in the Philippines affects the eastern
parts of the country from October to March. This is brought by the cold air mass that
comes from Siberia and gathers moisture as it travels over the Pacific Ocean. Amihan is
19
characterized by widespread cloudiness with slight to moderate rainfall and prevailing
cold winds.
The southwest monsoon or habagat affects the western part of the country from
July to September. It is characterized by heavy rainfall, humid weather and bring the
rainy season to the western parts of the country. Habagat is brought about by the cool
air from the high pressure area in the Australian continent absorbing moisture by
passing over the warm equatorial oceans. The air, now laden with water vapor, cools as
it moves north and as it rises over land. The air can no longer hold its moisture and falls
huge volume of rainfall.
Effect of Monsoons
(Photo: Courtesy of Catalino E. Egaran)

 Monsoons can bring moderate to occasional heavy rains which can cause
flood in our country like what happened in some parts of Pigcawayan,
North Cotabato brought by typhoon Bising last April 19-20, 2021.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration (PAGASA) is the agency responsible for assessing and forecasting
weather, flood, and other conditions that are essentials for the safety of the people.
What is ITCZ?
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) appears as a band of clouds
consisting of showers, with occasional thunderstorms, that encircles the globe near the
equator.
( https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/science-q3-q4)
Figure 10: ITCZ in January Figure 11: ITCZ in July
20
We always hear about the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in weather
reports. ITCZ is the place where winds in the tropics meet or converge. Because the
equator is warmer than the North and South poles, the cooler air is drawn towards the
equator to replace the rising warm air. Vapor pressure condenses as air rises and cools
in the ITCZ, forming clouds and rain. This is where monsoon rainfall occurs.
What’s More
Directions:
Study and analyze the following maps in figure 10 and 11. It show the air
pressure and directions of winds in different parts of the world. The letter L indicates
the areas with low pressure, H for with high pressure areas and arrowheads indicate for
the direction of wind.
(https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/science-q3-q4)
Figure 10: Pressure and winds for the month of January
Q1. Trace the directions of the arrows. In which area do the winds move?
Q2. Locate the Philippines in the map. From what direction do the wind blow near the
country in January?
Q3. What type of monsoon does the country experience in January?
(https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/science-q3-q4)
Figure 11: Pressure and wind during the month of July
21
Q4. In what direction do air of different pressures move? Why do you think so?
Q5. From what direction do the winds blow near the Philippines in July?
Q6. What type of monsoon does the country experience in July?
Rubric Scoring
Knowledge complete incomplete response incomplete
response to the to the question. response to the
question. question
What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill in the missing word/phrase in the following statements in order to

make it correct on a separate sheet of paper. Choose your answer inside
the box.
low pressure amihan southwest sea unequal
high pressure habagat northeast land equal
1. The wind always blows from an area with to an area with .

2. Land breeze is the movement of air from towards while sea breeze
is from towards .
3. Northeast monsoon is also known as .
4. is characterized with slight to moderate rainfall in the Philippines during
the months of December to February.
5. The movement of wind in our environment is caused by temperature of air
between land and water.
What I Can Do
Congratulations! You have shown great performance in doing several activities

that help you to understand common atmospheric phenomena.
Directions: Write a reflection essay on how the monsoons affect the Filipino farmers.
Cite the monsoons’ advantages and disadvantages in farming.
22
Rubric Scoring
Composition Provided detailed Provided limited Provided very short
of ideas on the ideas on the ideas on the
advantages and advantages and advantages and
Knowledge disadvantages of disadvantages of disadvantages of
monsoons to monsoons to monsoons to
Filipino farmers. Filipino farmers Filipino farmers
Assessment
1. Which of the following statements describes the Northeast monsoon CORRECTLY?

A. It is known as hanging habagat
B. This is a season characterized by a slight to moderate rainfall and prevailing cold
winds
C. It occurs during the month of June to October and characterized by frequent
heavy rain
D. It is known as hanging amihan and characterized by frequent heavy rain and
strong winds
2. What kind of breeze occurs during daytime?

A. Day breeze
B. Sea breeze
C. Land breeze
D. Sea land breeze
3. During daytime, what happens to air above the sea?

A. It will rise and sink
B. It will flow everywhere
C. It will move towards land surface
D. it will move away from land surface
4. What is TRUE about intertropical convergence zone?

A. It occurs in polar regions
B. It occurs in a tropic region
C. It will happen once in a year
D. Its occurrences cannot be determined
5. Which of the following statements account for the occurrence of land breeze, sea
breeze, and monsoons?
I. Two different places warm up or cool down differently.
II. Warm air always goes up and cold air replaces area where warm air rises.
III. Winds always moves from high pressure area towards a low pressure area.
IV. Movement of winds from one place to another caused by the differences of
temperature in surroundings.
23
B. I, II, and IV only
6. Which of the following statements correctly describes land breeze?

A. It is a local wind that blows from polar region to equator.
B. A global wind system categorized by the flow of air from water to land at night.
C. A local wind system characterized by the flow of air from land to water late at night.
D. It is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass.
7. Your teacher explained that the wind direction during the day is usually the reverse
of wind direction at night. Which of the following statements will support your
teacher?
A. There is more water in the sea than on land.
B. This is an indication of the change in our climate.
C. The water temperature’s remains the same all throughout the day.
D. The land heats up faster during day and it cools down quickly at night than water.
For items 8 to 11, refer to the following pictures below
Warm air rises Air blows in from Air blows out to sea
above land the sea to replace to replace rising air
rising air Warm air rises
above sea
Picture 1 Picture 2
8. Based on pictures 1 and 2, what happens to the warm air?
A. rising
B. sinking
C. blowing
D. not moving
9. The two pictures show the reverse movement of air from land to sea or from sea to
land. Do you think the land and sea have the same pressure at the same time?
A. Yes, because the air blows in one direction at a time
B. Yes, because there is a reverse movement of air on land and water
C. No, because the air always moves from an area with higher pressure to lower
pressure area.
D. No, because the air always moves from an area with lower pressure to higher
pressure area
24
10. Which of the following statements describe the two pictures correctly?
I. Picture 1 occurs during daytime, while picture 2 occurs during nighttime
II. Pictures 1 and 2 illustrate the movement of air due to temperature
differences
III. The two pictures show the rising warm air and cold air replaces the place
of rising air
IV. The air in two places experienced the same temperature as well as their
B. I, II, and III only
11. Based on picture 2, how will you compare the density of air above the land and
sea?
A. Air above land and sea surfaces are equal in density
B. Air above sea is less dense than air above land surface
C. Air above the sea is denser than air above land surface
D. Air above the land is less dense than air above sea surface
12. What does I.T.C.Z stands for?

A. Inter-tropical Convergent Zone
B. Inter-tropical Continental Zone
C. Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
D. Intra-tropical Convergence Zone
13. From what direction does wind blows near the Philippines for the month of July?
A. Northeast towards South
B. Northwest towards North
C. Southwest towards North
D. Southwest towards South
14. What type of monsoon occurs during the month of July?

A. Northeast monsoon
B. Northwest monsoon
C. Southeast monsoon
D. Southwest monsoon
15. Which of the following describes the direction of winds in different parts of the
world?
A. Low pressure to high pressure area
B. High pressure to low pressure area
C. Low pressure to lower pressure area
D. High pressure to higher pressure area
25
Additional Activities
Directions: Read the paragraph inside the box. Write an essay about the impact of
global warming on the monsoons and tropical wet season experienced in the
country.
Global warming is the gradual heating of Earth’s surface, oceans, and

atmosphere caused by human activities such as cutting of trees or illegal logging,
burning of plastics, rubber, and other waste materials, burning of fuels that emits
gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases into the vast
atmosphere. Human activities much contributed to the increase in temperature of
the atmosphere. Because all the global climate system is connected, adding heat or
increase of earth’s temperature causes the global climate as a whole to change. Much
of the world is covered with ocean which heats up. When the ocean heats up, more
water evaporates into clouds that cause the formation of intense storms like
typhoons. These strong typhoons will hit our country every year that can greatly
cause more damages around the country. Continuous change in temperature, can
greatly affect the patterns of wind that bring the monsoons in Asia, rain and
snow around the
Rubric Scoring
Provided detailed Provided limited Provided very short
ideas on the impact ideas on the impact ideas on the impact
Knowledge of global warming of global warming of global warming
on the monsoons on the monsoons on the monsoons
and tropical wet and tropical wet and tropical wet
season. season. season.
26
28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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7

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Sheila S. Manila

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Demonstrate an understanding on the account for the occurrence of land and

This module is divided into two lessons:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Why does warm air rise in the atmosphere?

3. When does air rise in the atmosphere?

4. What causes the differences of air pressure in the atmosphere?

I. Cool air is denser than warm air.

10. Why do air particles rise if it is heated?

11. Which of the following statements are true?

I. All winds are caused by differences in air pressure.

A. I, II and III only

12. What happens to air particles when its temperature decreases?

13. Why does air sink?

Activity 1: Which warms up faster; sand or water?

Figure 1: Set-up for activity 1

Observation time(min.) Water Sand

6. Without the use of thermometer, record the temperature reading qualitatively by

Observation time(min.) Water Sand

Activity 2: Rising paper bag

Figure 2: One-meter-long straight stick with paper bags on each side.

Activity 3: Rising warm air inside the box!

 1 box (at least 30cm 2)

Figure 3: Set-up for activity 3

6. Observe the movement of smoke outside the box.

Which warms faster?

What happens when air is heated?

Why does heated air move upward?

Is the surrounding air affected by the rising sir?

Q1. What happens to the warm air?

1. Study and analyze the given diagram on figure 4.

Figure 4: Direction of warm and surrounding air

Q1. Is the movement of warm air always upward?

What I Have Learned

warm air low rises less dense denser expands high

1. The warm air when it is heated.

Q1. Why do we need to maximize natural ventilation in our house?

1. Why does cool air sink?

3. When do air particles sink to the ground?

9. What happens when air is heated?

For items 13-15 refer to the diagram given below.

13. From illustration, what is the direction of warm air?

(Photos: Courtesy of Ma. Sheila S. Manila)

Human activities Effect in the atmosphere

1. How does air move in land breeze?

A. I, II, III, and IV

9. What months does hanging habagat occur in the Philippines?

10. Why do different types of monsoons occur?

11. Which of the following statements correctly describes land breeze?

14. What type of breezes occurs during daytime?

Lesson Atmospheric Phenomena: Breezes,

Q1. Which has higher temperature after 10minutes?