Syllabus Lang. Progs. and Policies
Syllabus Lang. Progs. and Policies
Syllabus Lang. Progs. and Policies
0 10-July-2020
___J _______________________
2nd Semester, S.Y. 2023 – 2024
COURSE SYLLABUS
COURSE INFORMATION
COURSE CODE EL 104
COURSE TITLE Language Programs and Policies in Multilingual Societies
COURSE CREDIT 3 units
CLASS HOURS 3 hours
COURSE PREREQUISITE/
EL 103
CO-REQUISITE
COURSE SCHEDULE
UNIVERSITY VISION, MISSION, QUALITY POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM OUTCOMES
Anchored on these core values, the PSU graduates are able to:
1. Demonstrate through institutional mechanisms, systems, policies, and processes which are reflective of transparency,
equity, participatory decision making, and accountability;
2. Engage in relevant, comprehensive and sustainable development initiatives through multiple perspectives in decisions
and actions that build personal and professional credibility and integrity.
3. Set challenging goals and tasks with determination and sense of urgency which provide continuous improvement and
producing quality outputs leading to inclusive growth;
4. Exhibit life-long learning and global competency proficiency in communication skills, inter/interpersonal skills,
entrepreneurial skills, innovative mindset, research and production initiatives and capability in meeting the industry
requirements of local, ASEAN and international human capital market through relevant and comprehensive programs;
5. Display, socially and environmentally responsive organizational culture, which ensures higher productivity among the
university constituents and elevate the welfare of the multi-sectoral communities and;
6. Practice spiritual values and morally upright behavior which promote and inspire greater harmony to project a credible
public image.
PROGRAM OUTCOMES GRADUATE
PROGRAM OUTCOMES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
ATTRIBUTES
Role Model 1. Apply and live up to § Act as a role model and advocate for upholding the dignity of
the expectations of a teaching as a profession to build a positive teaching and learning
competent and culture within and beyond the school.
innovative teacher.
Glocal 3. Address the § Interact with the national and local curriculum requirements
challenges and felt § Encourage the celebration of diversity in the classroom and the
needs in the local and need for teaching practices that are differentiated to encourage all
global society. learners to be successful citizens in a changing local and global
environment.
Goal Oriented 4. Set priority and work § Apply their professional knowledge to plan and design,
with strong individually or in collaboration with colleagues, well-structured and
determination to sequenced lessons that are contextually relevant, responsive to
accomplish quality learners’ needs and incorporate a range of teaching and learning
outputs. resources.
§ Communicate learning goals to support learner participation,
understanding and achievement.
This course introduces pre-service teachers of English to local and international basic education language programs and policies that account for issues and
considerations relevant to the engagement of teachers in school settings. Moreover, it presents research-based content knowledge of language policies and
programs across countries in order for pre-service teachers of English to exhibit clear understanding of the design, development, and dissemination of a
language curriculum and to discuss how school/language policies have shaped and influenced English language teaching in multicultural setting. Lastly, this
course allows students majoring in English to explore the social and political consequences of institutional attempts to manage language.
COURSE OUTCOMES
3. CO 3 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of school policies and PO 1, PO 3, PO6, PO11, PO15
procedures that shape and influence language teaching in multicultural setting.
Learning Activities
Course Learning Materials and
Learning Outcomes Topics Hours (Face-to-Face and Assessment
Outcome/s Platform
Remote Teaching)
• Code-switching
UNICEF Report:
C. Terms related to the education The impact of language
context policy and practice on
children’s learning:
• Language of instruction Evidence from Eastern
and Southern Africa
• Multilingual Education
•Mother tongue-based
multilingual education
• Additive multilingualism /
additive bilingual education
• Transitional bilingual or
multilingual education
the propagation of the • Executive Order No. 335 c. What are current https://conservancy.umn.
national language and the s.1988 issues governing the use edu/bitstream/handle/112
implementation of language • The Language Policy of the of language in public 99/152603/Burton_umn_
policies Commission on Higher Education schools? 0130E_13632.pdf.
e.identify the political, (Higher Education Act of 1994) d. Over the years, how
social, and cultural issues • Executive Order No.210 (May have these policies aid Research Article
related to crafting of 17, 2003)- “Establishing the government institutions ASEAN Countries’
language policy Policy to Strengthen the Use of in upholding and Policies on Language
the English Language as Medium propagating the national Instruction by
of Instruction in the Educational language? Eunice Jane H.
System” Resurreccion (2015) De
• DepEd Memorandum No.81,s. La Salle University-
2003-English language be used Dasmariñas
as medium of instruction https://www.researchgate
•DepEd Memorandum No. 74, .net/publication/3171631
s.2009 62_ASEAN_Countries_L
anguage_of_Instruction_
B. History of Philippines’ Policies
Language Policy Language Policies in the
C. Language Policy of the Philippines by Clemencia
Philippines in the 21st century Espiritu
DThe Place of Method in https://aboutphilippines.o
Language - in - Education Policy rg/files/Language-
Policies-in-the-
Philippines.pdf.
Essay 2: Iluko as an
Invention Language from
the book Starting Where
The Children Are: A
Collection of Essays on
Mother-Tongue-Based
Multilingual Education
and Language Issues in
the Philippines pp. 41-47.
Research:
Dual Language Program
Models
in Philippine Progressive
Schools
J. Aleta R. Villanueva and
Ani Rosa S. Almario
https://www.seameo.org/
_ld2008/doucments/Pres
entation_document/Alma
rio_Villenueva_DualLang
uage.pdf.
Week 6 Topic 4. Multilingualism in the 3 Online Research Article Give students
At the end of the week, the Classroom hours 1.Research: these
pre-service teacher (PST) Enablers and Constrain reflection
should be able to: 1. Local languages used in 1.Do a class language ts of an questions:
Mother Tongue-Based survey. Students may Effective and 1. How was
a. identify the languages Multilingual Education have more languages to Sustainable your
they understand, speak, name. Mother Tongue--‐Based experience in
read and write What/which language do Multilingual Education translanguagi
- Ybanag
b. discuss how knowing they Policy in the Philippines ng?
different languages benefit - Ivatan U-understand? by Catherine M.B. Young 2. How was it
them, particularly as future S-Speak? (2011) different for
- Sambal
teachers R-Read? , and https://www.academia.ed you?
c.develop and participate in - Kinaray-a W-Write? u/3266325/Enablers_and
activities to learn about - Yakan _Constraints_of_an_Effe
one’s own language, culture 2.Stiudents discuss the ctive_and_Sustainable_
and values. - Surigaonon. result emphasizing how Mother_Tongue_based_
4. identify various theories - Aklanon their knowledge of Multilingual_Education_P
surrounding multilingualism different languages and olicy_in_the_Philippines.
in the classroom. - Tagalog culture influence their
- Kapampangan lives particularly in the Essay: Good Practices in
classroom. Mother Tongue-First
- Pangasinense Multilingual Education by
- Iloko Catherine Young from the
book Starting Where The
- Bikol Children Are. A Collection
- Cebuano of Essays on Mother-
Tongue-Based
- Hiligaynon Multilingual Education
- Waray and Language Issues in
the Philippines
- Tausug
pp. 93-95.
- Maguindanaoan
2. UNESCO Principles on
- Maranao
Language and Education
- Chabacano. pp. 93-95 from the book
Starting Where The
Children Are. A Collection
3. Good Practices in Mother
of Essays on Mother-
Tongue-First Multilingual
Tongue-Based
Education
Multilingual Education
and Language Issues in
the Philippines
Journal Article:
Affordances theory in
multilingualism studies
October 2012. Studies in
Second Language
Learning and
Teaching 2(3):311-331
4. Theories of Multilingualism
DOI: 10.14746/ssllt.2012
a. Linguistic Theory
.2.3.3.
b. Affordances Theory
Aronin, Larissa (2019).
What is Multilingualism?
In David Singleton and
Larissa Aronin (eds.),
Twelve Lectures in
Multilingualism. (pp. 3-
34). Bristol: Multilingual
Matters.
http://www.multilingual-
matters.com/display.asp
?isb=9781788922050.
http://www.terpconnect.u Note: A
md.edu/~macswan/macs Reflection
wanetal2017.pdf. Annual Writing
Review of Applied Rubric may
Linguistics, 37 (2017), pp. be used to
218–240. © Cambridge evaluate
University Press, 2017 students’
doi: output.
10.1017/S026719051700
0137 Three Theories of
the Effects of Language
Education Programs: An
Empirical Evaluation of
Bilingual and English-
Only Policies Jeff
MacSwan University of
Maryland
Marilyn S. Thompson.
Weeks 10-12 Topic: 7. Language and Inclusive 12 hrs. • Organize a debate on Essay: Assessment:
At the end of the week, the Basic Education Issues and some issues and Discovering the Deaf by Make
pre-service teacher (PST) Challenges challenges on the role of Anna Kristina Arce students
should be able to: language and inclusive from the book Starting conduct a
a. conduct a research on A. The Concept of Inclusive education. Where The Children Are. survey on
language in the context of Education • Wrap up by giving A Collection of Essays on students’ and
Inclusive Basic Education B. Forms of Inclusion insights on Language Mother-Tongue-Based teachers’
b. demonstrate deeper and 1. Physical and Inclusive Basic Multilingual Education extent of
wider understanding of 2. Social Education. and Language Issues in knowledge
3. Cognitive the Philippines, and
UN (2006) Convention on
the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities - Article
2. New York: United
Nations.
Eunice Jane H.
Resurreccion (2015) De
La Salle University-
Dasmariñas
https://www.researchgat
e.net/publication/317163
162_ASEAN_Countries_
Language_of_Instruction
_Policies
Language Policies in the
Philippines by Clemencia
Espiritu
https://aboutphilippines.o
rg/files/Language-
Policies-in-the-
Philippines.pdf.
ELT
intricacie
s within
the
Indonesia
n
language
policy
FA Hamied -
… Integration: Policies
and practices in the …,
2013 - Bandar Seri
Begawan IELTS.
Stroupe, R.,
& Kimura, K. (Eds.).
(2015). ASEAN
integration and the role of
English Language
Teaching. Phnom
Penh: IELTS. [Crossref],
[Google Scholar].
Luistro, Armin. DepEd Order 31 s. 2013 & DepEd Order 31 s. 2012 Contravene MTB-MLE https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143904391.pdf
Provisions of RA 10533. Language education policy among the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Andy Kirkpatrick Griffith
Nolasco, Ricardo Ma. Duran, et.al. (Eds.). (2010). Starting Where The Children Are. A University, Brisbane, Australia.
Collection of Essays on Mother-Tongue-Based Multilingual Education and Language Issues in
the Philippines.Talaytayan MLE Inc, Diliman, Quezon City. Aronin, Larissa (2019). What is Multilingualism? In David
Singleton and Larissa Aronin (eds.), Twelve Lectures in
Multilingualism. (pp. 3- 34). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
http://www.multilingual-
matters.com/display.asp?isb=9781788922050.
Igawa, K.(2008).English language and its Education in Cambodia, a country in transition.language learning Jorge González Alonso UiT The Arctic
Retrieved March,22, 2013, fromUniversity of Norway Jason Rothman University of Reading,
http://www.shitennoji.ac.jp/ibu/images/toshokan/kiyo46-20.pdf. UK UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
Stroupe, R., & Kimura, K. (Eds.). (2015). ASEAN integration and the role of English Gaps, Issues, and Challenges in the implementation of
Language Teaching. Phnom Penh: IELTS. [Crossref], [Google Scholar]. Mother Tongue Based –Multilingual Education
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781405198
431.wbeal0347.
B. Primer/ Pamphlets/Brochures
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?a
rticle=1175&context=ejie Issues of Inclusive Education:
Executive Order 05- Approving and Adopting the 25-year Long Term Vision Entitled Some Aspects to be Considered Farid Suleymanov (2015)
Ambisyon Natin 2040 As Guide For Development Planning. Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education.
.
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. McCarty, K. (2006). Full inclusion: The benefits and
disadvantages of inclusive schooling. Retrieved October 1,
UNESCO-Brochure pdf .Why Language Matters for the Millenium Development Goals. 2007 from ERIC Digest database.
https://www.eenet.org.uk/enabling-education-
review/enabling-education-12/newsletter-12/12-7/ Language
as an inclusive education issue.
Note to be downloaded from the link:
Language, Terminology, and Inclusive Education: A Case of
Kazakhstani Transition to Inclusion
Tsediso Michael Makoelle
"August 22, 2006 DO 36, s. 2006 – Implementing Rules and Regulations on Executive Order No. 210 (Establishing the Policy to Strengthen the Use of
the English Language as a Medium of Instruction in the Educational System) | Department of Education".
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2006/08/22/do-36-s-2006-implementing-rules-and-regulations-on-executive-order-no-210-establishing-the-policy-to-
strengthen-the-use-of-the-english-language-as-a-medium-of-instruction-in-the-educational-syst/.
(2003). Teaching English As An International Language: Rethinking Goals and Perspectives. http://tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume7/ej25/ej25r5/.
(2007). Mother tongue matters: local language as a key to effective learning. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000161121.
(2016, October 24). Mother Tongue-Based Learning makes lessons more interactive and easier for students. Gov.ph.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2016/10/24/mother-tongue-based-learning-makes-lessonsmore-interactive-and-easier-for-
students/#:~:text=Currently%2C%20DepEd%20uses%2019%20languages,a%2C%20Yakan%2C%20and%20Sinurigaonon.
(2021). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Its success and struggle. https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-
multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/.
(2021, June 10). Multilingualism in the Classroom Drops. Language Drops. https://languagedrops.com/blog/multilingualism-in-the-classroom.
(2022). DO, 52 s. 1987- The 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/21/do-52-s-1987-the-
1987-policy-on-bilingual-education/.
(2022). IMPLEMENTATION OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION POLICY Early Childhood, Primary Grades & Lingua Franca. https://youtu.be/EIiGN1tE4sQ.
3 Ways You Can Help Advance Sustainable Development Goals Today. https://leadthechange.bard.edu/blog/3-ways-you-can-help-advance-un-
sustainable-development-goalsnachhaltige-entwicklung.html.
Ababon, S. (2022). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE & the Challenges to its Implementation). https://youtu.be/xkdEc-GpH8k.
A, & Grace, A. (2016, May 15). A History of the System of Education in the Philippines. https://www.teacherph.com/history-system-education-philippines.
Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it. https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/mdg/goal-
6/en/#:~:text=MDG%206%20aims%20to%20combat,can%20increase%20vulnerability%20to%20diseas.
Additive Multilingualism.https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/additive-multilingualism/655.
Affordances theory in multilingualism studies | Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching.
https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/ssllt/article/view/5122.
A Long Term Vision for the Philippines - AmBisyon Natin 2040. https://2040.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A-Long-Term-Vision-for-the-
Philippines.pdf.
Alberto G. Romulo (n.d.). "Executive Order No. 210, s. 2003 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines".
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/05/17/executive-order-no-210-s-2003/.
Albury, N. J. (2016). National language policy theory: exploring Spolsky’s model in the case of Iceland. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-015-9357-.
Albury, N.J. National language policy theory: exploring Spolsky’s model in the case of Iceland. Lang Policy 15, 355–372 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-015-9357-z.
Alexander G. Julio, MAEd (n.d.). Language Programs and Policies in Multilingual Societies.https://www.studypool.com/documents/4603307/l1-
introduction-of-the-subject-course.
Alice Ncube. (2016 Jan 13) Combating HIV and/or AIDS: A challenge to Millennium Development Goals for disaster managers in the Southern African
Development Community. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014023/.
Alieto, E., & La, D. (2018). Language Shift from English to Mother Tongue: Exploring Language Attitude and Willingness to Teach among Pre-service
Teachers. TESOL International Journal, 13. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1247214.pdf.
Aloufi, A.(2021). Language and Linguistic Orthography. Canadian Center of Science and
Education.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353334563_Language_and_Linguistic_Orthography.
Almario, A. R. S. & Villanueva, J. A. R. DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAM MODELS IN PHILIPPINE PROGRESSIVE SCHOOLS.
https://www.seameo.org/_ld2008/doucments/Presentation_document/Almario_Villenueva_DualLanguage.pdf.
Anika Gupta (2008 September 23) Smithsonian Magazine: History’s “Global Languages”. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/historys-global-
languages-13218007/.
Anonymous. (2013). APRIL 17, 2012 DO 31, S. 2012 – Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Grade 1 to 10 of the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum (BEC) Effective School Year 2012-2013. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2012/04/17/do-31-s-2012-policy-guidelines-on-the-
implementation-of-grades-1-to-10-of-the-k-to-12-basic-education-curriculum-bec-effective-school-year-2012-2013/.
Anonymous. (2013). DO 31, S. 2013 Clarifications on the Policy Guidelines of the Language Learning Areas and their Time Allotment in Grade 1 and 2
of the K to 12 Basic Education Program. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2013/07/16/do-31-s-2013-clarifications-on-the-policy-guidelines-on-the-
implementation-of-the-language-learning-areas-and-their-time-allotment-in-grades-1-and-2-of-the-k-to-12-basic-education-program.
Anonymous. (2017). The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis and Language's Effect on Cognition. https://www.unitedlanguagegroup.com/blog/the-sapir-whorf-
hypothesis-and-languages-effect-on-cognition.
Anonymous. (2021). Legal Basis of MTMBL: DEPED Order No. 31s,2013. https://youtu.be/F3DyxP9XcHM.
Anonymous. (n.d.). DepEd Order 31 s 2012 Classroom Teaching Time Allotment per Subject Areas. https://alapan1es.com/2022/08/12/deped-order-31-
s-2012-classroom-teaching-time-allotment-per-subject-areas/.
Anonymous. (n.d.). DepEd Order 31 s. 2013 & DepEd Order 31 s. 2012 Contravene MTB-MLE Provisions of RA 10533.
https://mlephil.wordpress.com/2013/09/05/deped-order-31-s-2013-deped-order-31-s-2012-contravene-mtb-mle-provisions-of-ra-10533/.
Anonymous. (n.d.). Gaps, Issues and Challenges in the implementation of Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-southern-mindanao/language-programs-and-policies-in-multilingual-societies/gaps-issues-
and-challenges-in-the-implementation-of-mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education/32507319.
Anudin, A. G. (2018). Six years of MTB MLE: Revisiting Teachers’ Language Attitude towards the Teaching of Chavacano. Asian Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(3), 68–79. https://asianjournal.org/online/index.php/ajms/article/view/133.
Arañador, Cerdy Jutare (1997) Determining the pronunciation problems and Kinaray-a speakers learning English through contrastive analysis.
https://repository.cpu.edu.ph/handle/20.500.12852/1562.
Aronin L., & Singleton, D. (2010). Affordances and the diversity of multilingualism. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 205, 105-129.
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijsl.2010.041/html.
Aronin, Larissa. (2017). Conceptualizations of Multilingualism: An Affordances Perspective. Critical Multilingualism Studies. 5:1 (2017): pp 7-42.
http://cms.arizona.edu/index.php/multilingual/article/view/109/163.
Arunansu Talukdar, Vishal Parmar, Raja Bhattacharya, Dibbendhu Khanra, Sumit Verma, Payel Talukdar, Suman Mitra, Krishnendu Roy (feb 26 2014)
HIV Infected Elderly Women: From Rhetoric to Reality—Experience from Eastern India.
https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1104357.
Arzadon, C. (2021) Current Issues Concerns in Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB – MLE) in the Philippines
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Fn_4Xor1-o0.
Atty. Alex Lacson 2019 Ambisyon Natin ito 2040 “ The Values we need to realize it”. CSC.
http://www.csc.gov.ph/phocadownload/userupload/csi/hrs_ppt/2019HRSPPT/Public%20Service%20Values%20on%20Patriotism%20Towards
%20Public%20Service%20Excellence_Atty%20Alexander%20L%20Lacson.pdf.
Austria, L. D. (22 December 2019). Policy of Bilingual Education. Scribd. Retrieved September 21, 2022 from
https://www.scribd.com/document/440672625/Policy-of-Bilingual-Education.
Asif, Md., Mishra, A. & Jena, A. (2022, January 4). Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action, 1994. EDUCATIONAL GURUJI.
https://www.educationalguruji.com/2022/01/salamanca-statement-1994.html?m=1.
Asia Multilingual Education Working Group. (2014). MTB-MLE: Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Lessons Learned from a Decade of
Research and Practice.
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231865?fbclid=IwAR1ZnLtIw9JhEkrGP71RhEP4YifbsIpcpEnQUcYYcu05rVtIkwWXgLnVy08.
August 4, 1999 – DO 80, s. 1999 – Grade I Class Program for Experimental Schools in the Lingua Franca Education Project.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/1999/08/04/do-80-s-1999-grade-i-class-program-for-experimental-schools-in-the-lingua-franca-education-
project/?fbclid=IwAR1IL5V51m2Cj_nWRDevpr0d_GnvnmljIclUeyokY9Z4FDmc26lbgzKdMPg.
Baes-Austria, G. (2021, April 7). BSEE 25 Lesson 4: Multilingualism in the Classroom [Video].
YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QOlwocIZH4&feature=youtu.be.
Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok, 2012, 54p.Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals. https://bangkok.unesco.org/content/why-
language-matters-millennium-development-
goals#:~:text=For%20the%20Millennium%20Development%20Goals%20(MDGs)%20to%20be%20effective%2C,in%20achieving%20the%20M
DG%20Goals.
BarrozoIII, M.I (n.d.). Language and Inclusive Basic Education Issues and Challenges.. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pangasinan-state-
university/bsed-english/language-and-inclusive-basic-education-issues-and-challenges-forms-of-inclusion-iintroduction/19904160.
Birgit Kordt. (2018). Affordance theory and multiple language learning and teaching. International Journal of Multilingualism.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2016.1223081.
Bicar-Edar M.T (2019). The Enhance Basic Education Act of 2013 (Kto12). https://www.slideshare.net/MariaTheresaBicarEdar/the-enhanced-basic-
education-act-of-2013-k-to-12.
Bucabal (2020) Facts that you should know about Philippine languages and indigenous scripts, https://youtu.be/kgoAOdlgLBo.
Bilingual Education and Early Childhood Care | PDF | Kindergarten | Early Childhood Education. (n.d.). Scribd.
https://www.scribd.com/document/469449895/Bilingual-Education-and-early-childhood-care.
Bilingual Early Childhood Education – Capitalizing on the Language and Culture of the Home and Introducing English. (n.d.). IDRA.
https://www.idra.org/resource-center/bilingual-early-childhood-education/.
Boll, M. (2013). The Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special Needs. California Special Needs Law Group.
https://www.csnlg.com/the-concept-of-inclusive-education-and-understanding-children-with-special-needs//.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Cebuano language". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cebuano-
language. Accessed 1 October 2022.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Waray-Waray". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Jan. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Waray-Waray.
Accessed 1 October 2022.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, September 19). Filipino language. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pilipino-
language.
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), ( February 2018),The Correlation between Language Acquisition and
Language Planning https://bircu-
journal.com/index.php/birci/article/download/3/3#:~:text=Acquisition%20planning%20is%20a%20type,distribution%20and%20literacy%20throu
gh%20education.
Burton, L. A. (May, 2013). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Studying Top-Down Policy Implementation from the Bottom
Up. Libraries Digital Conservancy.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/152603/Burton_umn_0130E_13
632.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjWuqX2waj6AhUwmFYBHf-dAt4QFnoECDUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2HS-CRWxKajVMtVAyTG-M4.
Burton, L.A (2013) Mother tongue-based multilingual education in the Philippines: Studying top-down policy implementation from the bottom up.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota.https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pangasinan-state-university/bachelor-of-elementary-
education/language-planning-and-language-policy/31156739.
Cabansag, J. (2016). The Implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Seeing It from the Stakeholders’ Perspective.
https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijel/article/view/63178.
Calinos, T. (2016). Policies, Practices, and Prospects in Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education.
https://tonyigcalinos.wordpress.com/2016/06/20/policies-practices-and-prospects-in-mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-synergies-for-
sustainable-and-inclusive-mtbmle-in-the-philippines/.
Calinawagan, E. A. (2020, December 15). A Multilingual, Multicultural and Multidisciplinary Approach to MTBMLE: A Model for Northern Philippines |
Ascendens Asia Singapore – Union Christian College Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts.
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasguccphjmra/article/view/2672.
Catacataca, P. (n.d.). The Use of Filipino in Official Transactions, Communication and Correspondence. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-
3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/language-and-translation/the-use-of-filipino-in-official-transactions-
communication-and-correspondence/.
Cervantes C.M (n.d) Republic Act 10533 to Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. https://youtu.be/rS0OqC1L-sI.
Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL), (n.d.). Language Planning & Policy. https://calcommunities.org/index.php/language-planning-policy/.
Chavacano.https://omniglot.com/writing/chavacano.php#:~:text=Chavacano%20combines%20vocabulary%20mainly%20from,Cebuano%20and%20ot
her%20Philippine%20languages.
Cherry, K. (2022). Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained: Background and Key Concepts of Piaget's Theory.
https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457.
Civicus Index (2015). Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals News. https://www.civicus.org/index.php/fr/medias-
ressources/112-news/2167-why-language-matters-for-the-millennium-development-goals.
Coll. (2014) “Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education. Kagamitan ng Mag-aaral. Tausug 3 9786214020034.” https://dokumen.pub/mother-tongue-
based-multilingual-education-kagamitan-ng-mag-aaral-tausug-3-9786214020034.html.
Connie, G. (2020). A Look into Inclusion and Special Education (SPED) Policies in the Philippines. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/look-inclusion-
special-education-sped-policies-connie-germono.
Corbis, M.B (2019). The value of inclusive education. Open Society Foundations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/value-inclusive-
education#:~:text=Inclusive%20education%20means%20different%20and,and%20after-school%20activities%20together.
Creese, M. (2019, February 27). Language policy and practices in early childhood education and care (ECEC): a case study of an english-french
bilingual crèche in Strasbourg. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02050546/document.
Cruz A.C(1995) Language and Policies in the Philippines| National Commission for Culture and the Arts. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-
3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/language-and-translation/llanguage-policies-in-the-philippines.
DECS Order No.11, s.1987- An Act Granting Priority to Residents of the Barangay, Municipality or City where the School is Located, in the
Appointment or Assignment of Classroom Public School Teachers. https://www.studypool.com/documents/4603307/l1-introduction-of-the-
subject-course https://www.coursehero.com/file/91070017/Module-3-EN-211-Language-Programs-and-Policies-in-Multilingual-Societiespdf/.
Dennis and Susan, M. (2011). Teacher Education for Mother Tongue-Based Education Programs.
Sil.org.https://www.sil.org/sites/default/files/files/institutionalizing_teacher_training_for_mtb_mle_12-2011.pdf.
Department Order No.53, s.1987 Constitution- The 1987 Policy of Bilingual Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/21/do-52-s-1987-the-1987-
policy-on-bilingualeducation/#:~:text=The%20provision%20of%20Article%20XIV,otherwise%20provided%20by%20law%2C%20English.
Department Order No.53, s.1987 Constitution- The 1987 Policy of Bilingual Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/21/do-52-s-1987-the-1987-
policy-on-bilingual-education/#:~:text=The%20Policy%20on%20Bilingual%20Education,in%20Grades%20I%20and%20II.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/21/do-52-s-1987-the-1987-policy-on-bilingual-
education/#:~:text=The%20provision%20of%20Article%20XIV,otherwise%20provided%20by%20law%2C%20English.
Dekker, D., & Walter, S. (2011, November 13). Mother tongue instruction in Lubuagan: A case study from the Philippines.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257658048_Mother_tongue_instruction_in_Lubuagan_A_case_study_from_the_Philippines.
Diaz, L. (2020). Subtractive Bilingualism vs. Additive Bilingualism: Supporting Your Child’s Native Language at Home.
https://bilingualspeechie.com/blogs/for-parents/subtractive-bilingualism-vs-additive-bilingualism-supporting-your-child-s-native-language-at-
home.
Divine, E. (2015). The What, Why and How of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). https://slideplayer.com/slide/3348378/.
Do 54, s. 1987 – Implementing Guidelines for the 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education. National Government Portal.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/1987/05/27/do-54-s-1987-implementing-guidelines-for-the-1987-policy-on-bilingual-education/.
DepEd Order No. 74, s. 2009 – INSTITUTIONALIZING MOTHER TONGUE-BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION (MLE).
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DO_s2009_74.pdf.
DO 81, s. 2003 – Addendum to DepEd Order No. 80, S. 2003 (Guidelines on the Implementation of the Salary Upgrading for District and Education
Supervisors). https://www.deped.gov.ph/2003/11/17/do-81-s-2003-addendum-to-deped-order-no-80-s-2003-guidelines-on-the-implementation-
of-the-salary-upgrading-for-district-and-education-supervisors/.
Doner, T. (2015, April 9). Why I taught myself 20 languages – and what I learned about myself in the process. IDEAS TED. https://ideas.ted.com/why-i-
learned-20-languages-and-what-i-learned-about-myself-in-the-process/.
Dr. Alan Williams, D. R. (2014). Understanding Best Practices in Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines.
https://actrc.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/mtb-mle-booklet.pdf.
Dr. Cynthia L. Hallen (1999) The History of the Filipino Language Https://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/Ling450ch/reports/filipino.html.
Dr. Roy, S. (2021). Challenges in Inclusive Education and some solutions. Dr. Sunanda S. Roy.. https://youtu.be/bye7mbGw96c.
Dr. Williams, et al. (2014). Understanding Best Practices in Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines. https://actrc.files.
wordpress.com/2014/11/mtb-mle-booklet.pdf.
Drilon, R. C. (2022). Harmonizing AmBisyon Natin 2040 and Dream Philippines 2040 https://business.inquirer.net/339402/harmonizing-ambisyon-
natin-2040-and-dream-philippines-2040/amp.
Dumanig, F. P. (January 2009). Bilingualism and Multilingualism in Primary Education (Philippines). ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332050121_Bilingualism_and_Multilingualism_in_Primary_Education_Philippines.
Durk Gorter & Jasone Cenoz, 2016, Language education policy and multilingual assessment.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09500782.2016.1261892.
Education -south, (2020). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines : Its success and struggle.varlyproject.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/amp/.
Education_south. (2021, March 18). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Its success and struggle. De Educatione Meridie.
https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/.
Efren B. Carreon (2017) Ambisyon Natin 2040 and Regional Development Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation. NEDA 7.
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/EVENTS/2_carreon_presentation_sti.pdf.
Erla Jade Agustin MDG-2 Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015 https://www.slideshare.net/ErlaJadeAgustin/mdg-2-achieving-universal-
primary-education.
Eslit, E. (1990). Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education Challenges: A Case Study. https://edelweisspublications.com/articles/44/96/Mother-
Tongue-Based-Multilingual-Education-Challenges-Case-Study.
Estanislao (n.d.). Experience of private schools proves folly of DepEd’s Mother Tongue policy. https://www.pids.gov.ph/details/experience-of-private-
schools-proves-folly-of-deped-s-mother-tongue-policy.
Eustaquio, O. (2020). Current Policies Governing the Use of Language in Philippine Public Schools. https://www.slideserve.com/cassel/current-
policies-governing-the-use-of-language-in-philippine-public-schools-powerpoint-ppt-presentation.
Executive order no. 210, S. 2003: Govph. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. (2003, May 17).
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/05/17/executive-order-no-210-s-2003.
Faragher, R., Chen, M., Miranda. L., Poon, K., Rumiati., Chang, F. R., Chen, H. (2021). Inclusive Education in Asia: Insights from Some Country Case
Studies. Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 23-35. https://doi/epdf/10.1111/jppi.12369.
FAO UN. (2015). MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/mdg/goal-1/en/.
Fr. Joel E. Tabora, S.J. Blog. (2013, January 4). The weak CHED and academic freedom. https://taborasj.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/the-weak-ched-
and-academic-freedom.
Front. Psychol., (2021, September 10). The Dilemma of Inclusive Education: Inclusion for Some or Inclusion for All. Frontiers.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633066/full.
Gagare, A. (2018). Role of Teacher in Inclusive Education. Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ). Vol. 5.
https://www.aiirjournal.com/uploads/Articles/2018/01/2769_47.Dr.%20Amitkumar%20S.%20Gagare.pdf.
Gempeso, H. D. P., & Mendez, J. D. S. (2021). Constructive alignment of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB MLE) language policy
implementation to the practices of a multilingual classroom. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1311541.pdf.
GMA News. (2012, May 30). BP: Mother tongue based multi-lingual education ng DepEd, makakatulong sa mga bata [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHN70-g9VME&feature=youtu.be.
Grant, A. & Gottardo, A.(2008). Defining Bilingualism. Canadian Language & Literacy Research
Network.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267152186_Defining_Bilingualism.
Greenwood, B. (2020, February 05). What is Pedagogy? An Introduction to Learning Theories. https://blog.teamsatchel.com/what-is-pedagogy-a-
guide-to-learning-theories.
Global, regional, and national levels and trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic
analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. The Lancet. 2015; 386: 2275–2286:
https://data.unicef.org/topic/childsurvival/under-five-mortality.
Gorlinski, Virginia. "Maguindanao". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Apr. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Maguindanao-people. Accessed 1 October
2022.
Gorlinski, V. (2012, October 15). Yakan. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yakan.
Gulzar, A. A. (2021, February 27). Challenges and barriers to inclusive education - educare ~ we educate, we care. Educare.
https://educarepk.com/challenges-and-barriers-to-inclusive-education.html/amp.
Gunigundo M.(2010). The Importance of Language Policies and Multilingualism for Cultural Diversity.
https://mlephil.wordpress.com/2010/02/24/language-in-education-policy-making-in-the-philippine/.
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (2017). Maguindanao Language https://zims-
en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Maguindanao_language.
Hoque, E., (2022, March 3). Challenges of Inclusive Education. Educere Centre. https://educerecentre.com/challenges-of-inclusive-education/.
Holeton, R. (2020). Toward Inclusive Learning Spaces: Physiological, Cognitive, and Cultural Inclusion and the Learning Space Rating System.
Educause. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/2/toward-inclusive-learning-spaces.
Hornberger, N. (2006). Frameworks and Models in Language Policy and Planning. Academia.
https://www.academia.edu/1021104/Frameworks_and_models_in_language_policy_and_planning.
Huang, S. (October 08, 2018) Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnxBegcqc6o.
Hurwitz, D & ER Kambel (2020). ‘Redressing language-based exclusion and punishment in education and the Language Friendly School initiative’
Global Campus Human Rights Journal 5-24. Rutufoundation. https://www.rutufoundation.org/what-is-mother-tongue-education/.
Ilocano language, alphabet and pronunciation. (n.d.). Ilocano (Iloko / Pagsasao nga Ilokano) https://omniglot.com/writing/ilocano.htm.
Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 | GOVPH. (2013, September 4). Official Gazette.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/09/04/irr-republic-act-no-10533/.
Inclusive Education pdf. (2017). Inclusive Education: Including Children with Disabilities in Quality Learning.
https://www.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/IE_summary_accessible_220917_brief.pdf.
Indigenous peoples and the right to education: The sage journals (n.d.). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440211009491.
Irfan, T. (2016, November 1). Issues and challenges of inclusive education. Scribd. https://www.slideshare.net/tanzilirfan/issues-and-challenges-of-
inclusive-education.
J.J. Smolicz (n.d.). National Language Policy in the Philippines: A Comparative Study of the Education Status of "Colonial" and Indigenous Languages
with Special Reference to Minority Tongues. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24490825.
Jaca CA. & Soledad GG., (2022, January 8). “Lesson Exemplars Using Original Cebuano Stories in Teaching Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual
Education (MTB-MLE)”. Science Publishing Group:
https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=214&doi=10.11648/j.ijecs.20220701.11.
Jane K. Lartec, Anastacia M. Belisario, Jamaica P. Bendanillo et al., (2017) Strategies and Problems Encountered by Teachers in Implementing
Mother Tongue-Based Instruction in a Multilingual Classroom. https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-language-learning/volume-1-issue-
1/article-4/.
JANET P. ESPADA et al., (2017) CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOTHER TONGUE-BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION
PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322273832_JANET_P_ESPADA_et_al_CHALLENGES_IN_THE_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_THE_MO
THER_TONGUE-BASED_MULTILINGUAL_EDUCATION_PROGRAMA_CASE_STUDY.
JD., (2021, March 18). “Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Its Success and Struggle”. Varlyproject.blog:
https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/.
Jecca Shatalene Neri (2016), Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Studying Top-Down Policy Implementation from the
Bottom Up. https://www.academia.edu/36962994/Research_work?fbclid=IwAR3cVR5tlgS487MR61NQeMGNn-
9TEcGZclUISt2HUkD1PLnyOd_gOrMIPls.
“Jennifer,M. et al, ( June 2019)’. Starting Where the Children Are’: A Process Evaluation of the Mother Tongue based Multilingual Education
Implementation. Asia.org. https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/10784#:~:text=Abstract,beginning%20of%20the%20education%20ladder.
Jostol. et al. (2020, December 25). "Mother Tongue is home: Reflection on MTB-MLE" The Lasillian. https://thelasallian.com/2020/12/25/mother-
tongue-is-home-reflections-on-mtb-mle/.
Jonathan, J. L. J. (2019, February 16). A Policy Analysis on "Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013". Research Gate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332864256_A_Policy_Analysis_on_Enhanced_Basic_Education_Act_of_2013.
July 14, 2009 - DO 74, s. 2009 Institutionalizing Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2009/07/do-74-s-2009-
institutionalizing -mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-mle/.
Kinaray-a. https://omniglot.com/writing/kinaraya.htm.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). English in ASEAN: Implications for regional multilingualism, Vol. 33(4), 331-344. doi:10.1080/01434632.2012.661433.
Kreps, J. (2019, February 1). Language Spotlight Series: The Importance of Bilingualism in Early Childhood Education. Tessa International School.
https://tessais.org/importance-bilingualism-early-education/.
.
Kumari, C. (2020). Language as a Subject. https://www.slideshare.net/ChandraKumari2/language-as-subject-and-as-a-means-of communication.
Lartec et al. (2014). Strategies and Problems Encountered by Teachers in Implementing Mother Tongue-Based Instruction in a Multilingual Classroom.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1167236 .
Lassi ZS, Kumar R, Bhutta ZA. (2016) Community- Based Care to Improve Maternal Newborn and Child Health.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361898/ .
Latest child mortality estimates world remains off track to meeting Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-
release/2021/12/20/latest-child-mortality-estimates-reveal-world-remains-off-track-to-meeting-sustainable-development-goals.
Learn more about Mother Tongue & Multilingual Education. Rutu Foundation. https://www.rutufoundation.org/what-is-mother-tongue-education/.
Learning Educ TV. LANGUAGE PROGRAM AND POLICIES IN ASEAN COUNTRIES. https://youtu.be/q-ph4AXzdJo.
Leonard Bloomfield, Pamfilo D. Catacataca (1967). The most notable changes. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tagalog-language.
Lesson-7-LANGUAGE-AND-INCLUSIVE-BASIC-EDUCATION. https://www.coursehero.com/file/89581842/Lesson-7-LANGUAGE-AND-INCLUSIVE-
BASIC-EDUCATIONpdf/.
Limacher, U. (2022, January 25). Mother tongue, first language, native language or dominant language? Ute’s International Lounge.
https://utesinternationallounge.com/mother-tongue-first-language-native-language-or-dominant-language/.
Limacher-Riebold, U. (2021, December 22). Mother tongue, first language, native language or dominant language.
https://utesinternationallounge.com/mother-tongue-first-language-native-language-or-dominant-language/.
Liu, N., & Funaki, A. (n.d.). CURRENT POLICIES GOVERNING THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS - PDF Free Download.
DocPlayer.net. https://docplayer.net/64274062-Current-policies-governing-the-use-of-language-in-philippine-public-schools.html.
Llaneta, C. A. C. (2018, February 6). Teaching in mother tongues. University of the Philippines. https://up.edu.ph/teaching-in-mother-
tongues/#:%7E:text=Through%20Department%20Order%2094%2C%20DepEd,%2C%20Chabacano%2C%20Ivatan%2C%20Sambal%2C.
Llego, M.A. (2013). DepEd Order on Time Allotment per Learning Areas. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-order-on-time-allotment-per-learning-
areas/#DepEd_Order_No_31_s_2013.
Local languages used in Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education Major References: Education South. (2021, March 18). Mother Tongue-Based
Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Its Success and Struggle. https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-in-the-
philippines-its-success-and-struggle/.
Lohman, L. (2021). Lingua Franca: Examples | What is a Lingua Franca? - Video & Lesson Transcript. Study.com.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-lingua-franca-definition-examples.html.
Louge, N. (2016) 8 best practices for early grade reading in multilingual contexts. Globalpartnership.https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/8-best-
practices-early-grade-reading-multilingual-contexts.
Low, E. & Ao, R. (2018). The Spread of English in ASEAN Policies and Issues.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0033688218782513?journalCode=rela.
Luistro, A. (n.d.). DepEd Order 31 s. 2013 & DepEd Order 31 s. 2012 Contravene MTB-MLE Provisions of RA 10533.
https://mlephil.wordpress.com/2013/09/05/deped-order-31-s-2013-deped-order-31-s-2012-contravene-mtb-mle-provisions-of-ra-10533/.
Luistro, A. (2012). 2012 Training-Workshop on Bridging between Languages in Mother Tongue Language-based Education under the new K-12
Curriculum. https://mlephil.wordpress.com/category/mtb-mle-training/.
Malone, S. (2016). MTB MLE RESOURCE KIT Promoting Multilingual Education. (n.d.).
https://en.unesco.org/inclusivepolicylab/sites/default/files/learning/document/2017/1/246278E.pdf.
Manapsal, J. D., & Layug, M. J. (2019). Kapampangan People and Their Language: A Case Study. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Studies, 1(2), 36–40. https://doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2019.1.2.5.
Maranao.https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/maranao-0.
Maria Isabel R. BarrozoIII. (n.d).Language and Inclusive Basic Education Issues and Challenges. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pangasinan-
state-university/bsed-english/language-and-inclusive-basic-education-issues-and-challenges-forms-of-inclusion-iintroduction/19904160.
Maria Mercedes Arzadon (2021) Current Issues Concerns in Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) in the Philippines
https://youtu.be/Fn_4Xor1-o0.
Mark Anthony Llego DepEd Order on Time Allotment per Learning Areas. https://www.teacherph.com/deped-order-on-time-allotment-per-learning-
areas/.
Marlyn D Tolosa (n.d.). DECS Order No.11, s.1987- An Act Granting Priority to Residents of the Barangay, Municipality or City where the School is
Located, in the Appointment or Assignment of Classroom Public School Teachers. https://www.coursehero.com/file/91070017/Module-3-EN-211-
Language-Programs-and-Policies-in-Multilingual-Societiespdf/.
Max (May 15) MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. https://www.mdgmonitor.org/mdg-1-eradicate-poverty-hunger/.
McManis, L.D. Inclusive education: What is it means, proven strategies and case study. Resilient Educator.
https://resilienteducator.com/classroomresources/inclusive-education/.
Mei French, & Janet Armitage (2020), Layers of language policy (see Ricento & Hornberger, 1996) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Layers-of-
language-policy-see-Ricento-Hornberger-1996_fig1_341049031.
Mercinah, R., & Nirmala D. (n.d.). IMPORTANCE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF SCHOOL TEACHERS. Academia.
https://www.academia.edu/8058036/IMPORTANCE_OF_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION_THE_ROLE_OF_SCHOOL_TEACHERS.
Mong Palatino (June 17, 2007)."The English language debate in the Philippines · Global Voices". https://globalvoices.org/2007/06/17/the-english-
language-debate-in-the-philippines/amp/ .
Montilla, V. A. P. B. R. (2017b, March 10). Unraveling the beauty within Ivatan’s Culture. SLAYER.
https://ronamontilla.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/unra%EF%BB%BFveling-the-beauty-within-ivatans-culture/.
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines : Its success and struggle. (2020). https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-
multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/amp/.
Mother Tongue-based learning makes lessons more interactive and easier for students | Department of Education. (2016). Deped.gov.ph.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2016/10/24/mother-tongue-based-learning-makes-lessonsmore-interactive-and-easier-for-students/.
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Its success and struggle. (2021, March 20). De Educatione Meridie.
https://varlyproject.blog/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-in-the-philippines-its-success-and-struggle/.
Mother Tongue, MTB-MLE, Language Policy, Official and National Languages, Language of Instruction. (2021, March 19). Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E27ZJMfBXgo&feature=youtu.be.
MTB – MLE. (2021). Language policy and language planning: Spolsky 2004. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_Lqf00Ihs6iMpcebilhiLw.
MTB-MLE. (2021). Language Policies and Language Planning: Spolsky (2004) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpKzfEsiNOE.
Multilingual Philippines- BESRA Progress Report Includes DepED Order #74 s. 2009. https://mlephil.wordpress.com/2010/05/08/besra-progress-
report-includes-deped-order-74-s-2009/.
Nathalie, L. (2016).8 best practices for early grade reading in multilingual context. Gobalpartnership.org. https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/8-
best-practices-early-grade-reading-multilingual-contexts.
National Academy of Sciences (2003) Reducing Maternal Mortality and Morbidity. Re https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222105/ .
National Commission for Culture and the Arts. (2015, June 2). Bikol Literature in the Philippines. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-
3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary-arts/bikol-literature-in-the-philippines/.
NEDA HQ (2016). Ambisyon Natin 2040 “The Life we want” [Video]. YouTube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT1mXV8TqN4.
Nkopuruk, I. (2018). Status Planning, Corpus Planning and Acquisition Planning: Detailed Discourse with Examples from Two African Countries-
TanzaniaBokina.Faso.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327541764_Status_Planning_Corpus_Planning_and_Acquisition_Planning_D
etailed_Discourse_with_Examples_from_Two_African_Countries-Tanzania_and_Bokina_Faso.
Nordquist, R. (2020). Definition and Examples of a Lingua Franca - English. ThoughtCo https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-lingua-franca-1691237.
Nordquist, R. (2019). Get the Definition of Mother Tongue Plus a Look at Top Languages. https://www.thoughtco.com/mother-tongue-language-
1691408.
Nur Izzah binti Ismail (G2015488), Nur Hanani binti Abu Seman(G2021754) on June 9,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJcSz9Tgt2s .
Ofelia García (2015) in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-
sciences/language-policy.
Olivia Kunguma and Alice Ncube. Combating HIV and/or AIDS: A challenge to Millennium Development Goals for disaster managers in the Southern
African Development Community. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014023/.
Ong T.A; Ma. P.G. Ongkiko. R .(2013). What is enhanced basic education program What are its essential features discuss?
https://www.martindale.com/legal-news/article_sycip-salazar-hernandez-gatmaitan .
Open Society Foundations. (2019). value of inclusive education–Open Society Foundations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/value-
inclusive-education#:~:text=What%20is%20inclusive%20education%3F,participate%20in%20student%20government%20together.
Orlanda, L. (2012). Policy guidelines for the implementation of kto12 do no. 31, s. 2012. https://www.slideshare.net/lily_orlanda/policy-guidelines-for-
the-implementation-of-kto12-do-no-31-s-2012 .
Palaris, C.J (2021) HEALTH 10/ 8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS VIDEO DEMONSTRATION.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuJiJx8MxYs .
Pappas, C. (2014). Instructional Design Models and Theories: The Sociocultural Learning Theory. https://elearningindustry.com/sociocultural-learning-
theory.
Pedagogy. https://tophat.com/glossary/p/pedagogy/#:~:text=Pedagogy.
Peter Patrick L. Language Policy LG474 notes Language Rights Peter L. Patrick. University Of Essex. https://slideplayer.com/amp/2429465/.
Pineda, K., & Pineda, K. (2021). History of Kapampangan Language. Angeles City: Home of Guardian Angels.
https://angelites.code.blog/2021/05/02/history-of-kapampangan-language/.
Pimentel, M. (2013). MTB-MLE: Tool for the Development of Beginning Reading and Fluency from Grades 1 to 3.
(https://www.depedmalaybalay.net/mtb-mle/mtb-mle-tool-for-the-development-of-beginning-reading-and-fluency-from-grades-1-to-3.html.
Position Statement on Bilingual Education in Early Childhood/Preschool Programs. (n.d.). Fordham Research Commons.
https://research.library.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1090&context=jmer.
POLICY GUIDELINES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GRADES 1 TO 10 OF THE k TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM (BEC) EFFECTIVE
SCHOOL YEAR 2012-2013. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2012/04/17/do-3 1-s- 2012-policy-guidelines-on-the- implementation-of-grades-1-to-10-
of-the-k-to- 12-basic-education-curriculum-bec-effective- school-year-2012-2013/.
Prashneel R.G. (2017). The Characteristics of Language Policy and Planning Research: An Overview https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/54872.
Priscilla Angela T. Cruz, (2018). Mother-Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines: Perceptions, Problems and Possibilities.
https://archium.ateneo.edu/english-faculty-pubs/3/.
Presidential Management Staff. (n.d.). Executive Order No. 335, s. 1988. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1988/08/25/executive-order-no-335-s-
1988/ .
Prof S Mayatula (ANC), 2006, Language in Education Policy: briefing by Department. https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/7281/.
Puteh, A. (2010). The language medium policy in Malaysia: A plural society model. Malaysia:Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 2, No. 2.
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/res/article/view/8454.
Quijano Y., Eustaquio O. Current policies governing the use of language - SEAMEO. (n.d.)
https://www.seameo.org/SEAMEOWeb2/images/stories/Projects/2008_MotherTongueBridgeLang/Policies/papers_and_pdf/Philippine_MotherT
ongue_Policies20jan08.doc.
Quijano, Y. S. & Eustaquio, O. H. (08 January 2020). CURRENT POLICIES GOVERNING THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
SCHOOLS. DocPlayer. https://docplayer.net/64274062-Current-policies-governing-the-use-of-language-in-philippine-public-schools.html.
Quin Elizabeth Awour, (2019). LANGUAGE POLICY IN EDUCATION: THE PRACTICALITY OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION AND WAY FORWARD.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jolte/article/view/186558.
R. & Vizconde, C. J. (2021). Nanung epektu na? (What’s the effect?): impact of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) policy on
language use and language attitudes of 5th graders in Pampanga, the Philippines. Asian Journal of English Language Studies. Volume 9.
https://ajels.ust.edu.ph.
Rafael, R.P. & Rosario, F.C. Jr. (2011). On language shift and revitalization: The case of Pangasinan.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350922715_On_language_shift_and_revitalization_The_case_of_Pangasinan.
Rastogi, S. K., & Kumar, D. (2016). Inclusive Education: Changing Role and Responsibilities of Teachers. Researchgate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305494453_Inclusive_Education_Changing_Role_and_Responsibilities_of_Teachers.
Ray-Subramanian, C.E. (2011). Transitional Bilingual Education. In: Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and
Development. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2941.
Reasons to use the local languages in classes for an effective elementary education. beTeacher.https://beteacher.betechie.in/reasons-to-use-the-local-
languages-in-classes-for-an-effective-elementary-education/.
Red DC. (2011) Why Languages Matter: Meeting Millenium Development Goals through Local Languages https://www.comminit.com/la/node/278103 .
Resurrection, E.J. (2017). ASEAN Countries’ Policies on Language of Instruction (Summarized Consolidation of Articles and Journals).
https://www.academia.edu/24773544/ASEAN_Countries_Policies_on_Language_of_Instruction_Summarized_Consolidation_of_Articles_and_J
ournals_.
Rex C. Drilon (2022). Harmonizing Ambisyon Natin 2040 and Dream Philippines 2040. Inquirer.net. https://business.inquirer.net/339402/harmonizing-
ambisyon-natin-2040-and-dream-philippines-2040.
Ricento, T. (1999). Ideology, Politics and Language Policies: Focus on English. Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/catalog/impact.6.
Ricento, T., & Hornberger, N. (1996). Unpeeling the Onion: Language Planning and Policy and the ELT Professional. JSTOR.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3587691.
Rongie T. (2021) RA 10533 – Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (TTH 1030). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDfAnzfOnMM.
Romeo Felarca Detaro, Ph. D. (2021). NEDA’s ‘Ambisyon Natin 2040’ still represents our future as a people.Inquirer.net.
https://opinion.inquirer.net/145589/nedas-ambisyon-natin-2040-still-represents-our-future-as-a-people.
Rosario Pescasiosa Alberto, Sunny Gabinete, Vanessa S. Rañola (2016) Issues and Challenges in Teaching Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual
Education in Grades II and III: The Philippine Experience. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Issues-and-Challenges-in-Teaching-Mother-
Education-Alberto-Gabinete/ccaa2354a8441216c917f7e8502def7524301be4.
Rubrico, J. G.(1999). Magbinisaya kita: Cebuano primer I. Quezon City: IJR Links and Consultant, Jade de Milo (2009)
http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Surigaonon%20language/en-en/.
Rutu (2015) Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals. https://www.rutufoundation.org/languages-matter-millennium-
development-goals/.
Sabalsa G., (2020). “Tacloban school donates books for mother tongue-based learning.” pna.gov.ph: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124753 .
Sallabank, J. (2012). From language documentation to language planning: Not necessarily a direct
route.https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19090297.pdf.
Sala, E. (2021). ELE125- Ff Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education: The Case of the Maranao Pre-Service Teachers [YouTube Video]. In
YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCr_dyZDl1U.
Sharmaine P. (2022) Language & Millennium Development Goals: What is the role of the language https://youtu.be/dSggp9lO1r0.
SIL International (2008). Why Languages Matter: Meeting Millennium Development Goals through local languages, https://www.sil.org/about/why-
languages-matter/language-and-millennium-development-goals.
Singh, A. (2022). Role & Responsibility of Teacher in Inclusive Education. Scribd. https://www.slideshare.net/Abhinav1902/role-responsibility-of-teacher-
in-inclusive-educationpptx.
Soderberg, C., Ashley, S., & Olson, K. (2013) Tausug (Suluk) Journal of the International Phonetic Association | Cambridge Core
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/tausug-
suluk/6BE2ADA949D8E96891CCA87B82C5EF84.
Sorin Adam Matei. (2020). What is affordance theory and how can it be used in communication
research?.ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339737255_What_is_affordance_theory_and_how_can_it_be_used_in_com
munication_research.
Stroupe, R. (2017). English and language-in-education policy in the ASEAN Plus Three Forum.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13488678.2017.1389061.
Sue Ollerhead and Kerry Taylor-Leech. (2019, November 6). Promoting Multilingual Approaches in the Classroom. Learning Portal.
https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/blog/promoting-multilingual-approaches-in-teaching-and-learning.
Suzanne R. (2013) Keeping the Promise of the Millennium Development Goals: Why Language Matters
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272537130_Keeping_the_Promise_of_the_Millennium_Development_Goals_Why_Language_Matters.
Team Satchel. (2022). What is Pedagogy? | 4 Essential Learning Theories | Satchel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcpwEoW1uY8.
Temelkova, K. (2022). Languages of the Philippines: Everything You Need to Know. https://www.milestoneloc.com/languages-of-the-philippines/.
Teemant, A. & Pinnegar, S. E. (2019). Inclusive Pedagogy: A Conceptual Framework for Educating Students of Diversity. In B. Allman, Principles of
Language Acquisition. EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/language_acquisition/inclusive_pedagogy.
Tenchavez, Ghea Ramona. (2016). Implementing Mother Tongue Based-Multilingual Education in an Area of Armed Conflict in Southern Philippines: A
Case Study Vol 1 & Vol II. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6837710.
The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines – Article XIV. National Government Portal. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-
1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-
xiv/#:~:text=Section%206.,existing%20Philippine%20and%20other%20languages.
The Bedrock of Inclusion: Nigeria Education International (2021). Gaps and challenges in the provision of Inclusive Education. issuu.
https://issuu.com/educationinternational/docs/nigeria_study_the_bedrock_of_inclusion/s/12465887.
The Dilemma of Inclusive Education: Inclusion for Some or Inclusion for All. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633066/full.
The English language debate in the Philippines. Global Voices. (2009). https://globalvoices.org/2007/06/17/the-english-language-debate-in-the-
philippines/comment-page-5.
The LawPhil Project Arellano Law Foundation. Republic act no. 7722. (n.d.). https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1994/ra_7722_1994.html.
The Place of Method in Language - in - Education Policy IJES, vol. 4 (l), 2004, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1072191.pdf.
The Psychology of Multilingualism: Concepts, Theories and Application - Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7062-7/.
Thomas Ricento, & Nancy Hornberger (1996), Unpeeling the Onion: Language Planning and Policy and the ELT Professional.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/3587691.
TOGETHER WE LEARN BETTER: INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS BENEFIT ALL CHILDREN JUNE 10, 2015 rhttps://inclusiveschools.org/together-we-learn-
better-inclusive-schools-benefit-all-children/.
Tony, C.(2016). Language-in-education policy: Gaps and challenges in the mother tongue based multilingual education (MTBMLE) implementation in
Philippines basic education. tonyigcalinos.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F03%2F27%2Flanguage-in-education-policy-gaps-and-challenges-in-the-
mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education-mtbmle-implementation-in-philippines-basic-
education%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3_2BmCjfXRMtc_lgnkYUogllSoXQPcpTSUz1Zw94jtbIMjVOH56wOnNms&h=AT3-
Gud_ipYJbGSWgPYmK1sa6cV6bPUS9UrShebiKXYojwa3A87X9xl6agnCYYjgqOeui7k-
Px_nst52jN35ojAmyDKbqLvU1FoKed1D9jlLYPvGxU6VEGdQbCF_3GlooXjF0A.
Tony Igcalinos (2012) Gaps and Challenges in the Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) Implementation in Philippines Basic
Education: A Policy Issue Paper on Language-in-Education Policy.
https://www.academia.edu/23350185/Gaps_and_Challenges_in_the_Mother_Tongue_Based_Multilingual_Education_MTBMLE_Implementation
_in_Philippines_Basic_Education_A_Policy_Issue_Paper_on_Language_in_Education_Policy.
Tonyigcalinos (2016). Policies, Practices, and Prospects in Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Synergies for Sustainable and Inclusive Basic
Education in the Philippines. https://tonyigcalinos.wordpress.com/2016/06/20/policies-practices-and-prospects-in-mother-tongue-based-
multilingual-education-synergies-for-sustainable-and-inclusive-mtbmle-in-the-philippines/.
Transitional Bilingual Education Programs: Pros & Cons. Study.com, 9 July 2016, study.com/academy/lesson/transitional-bilingual-education-programs-
pros-cons.html.
Trozo, F. (2022).EM 18: Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education Underlying Theories and Assumptions. https://youtu.be/J_RD0_QjsGQ.
Tupas, Martin (2017). Bilingual and Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in the Philippines.
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-02258-1_18.
Tyagi, G. (2016). Role of teacher in inclusive education. International Journal of Education and Applied Research, 6(1), 115-116.
http://ijear.org/vol61/TEP2016/34-gunjan-tyagi.pdf.
Twose, R. (2021). How is the Rise in Gender Equality affecting Language? https://www.languageinsight.com/blog/2021/gender-equality-language/ .
UNESCO Bangkok Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau of Education, 2012. Why Language Matters for the Millennium Development Goals.
https://www.ehu.eus/documents/3120344/3356415/language+matters.pdf/c617692a-25af-41d5-a9b6-b3168edf2d75?t=1420475288000.
UNESCO-Brochure pdf. Why Language Matters for the Millenium Development Goals,2015. https://www.rutufoundation.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/09/UNESCO-Brochure-Languages-and-MDGs.pdf.
Unicef for every child. (2016). Towards Inclusive Education: The Impact of Disability on School Attendance in Developing Countries. https://www.unicef-
irc.org/publications/845-towards-inclusive-education-the-impact-of-disability-on-school-attendance-in-developing.html.
Unicef publications. (2022). Fixing the Broken Promise of Education for All. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_78718.html.
United Nations. (2022). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-
rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948, December 10). United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.
Velasco R. ( 2013) .Republic Act No. 10533: The Enhance Basic Education Act of 2013. https://www.slideshare.net/demoncrusher24/republic-act-
10533 presentation.
Waterford.org (2020) How to Promote Additive Bilingualism over Subtractive Bilingualism in the Classroom
https://www.waterford.org/education/additive-vs-subtractive-
bilingualism/#:~:text=Subtractive%20bilingualism%2C%20however%2C%20is%20when,their%20first%20language%20over%20time.
What is the Relationship and Difference Between Language as a School Subject and Means of Communication B.Ed Notes?
https://educationsummary.com/lesson/what-is-the-relationship-and-difference-between-language-as-a-school-subject-and-means-of-
communication-b-ed-
notes/#:~:text=Language%20as%20a%20school%20subject%20is%20more%20concerned%20with%20learning,of%20communication%20is%2
0acquired%20naturally.
What is sustainable development and what are the global goals? https://www.acciona.com/sustainable-development/?_adin=02021864894.
Wiriyachitra, A. (2002). English language teaching and learning in Thailand in this decade. Thai TESOL Focus, 15(1), 4-9. Embassy of the Republic of
the Philippines. (2006) [http://www.philippine-embassy.de/.
Why Languages Matter. Language and Millennium Development Goals, SIL International Organization, 2015.
https://www.sil.org/sites/default/files/mdg_brochure_2015_english_letter_print_0.pdf.
Williams (2022). The Difference Between Language and Dialect: Who decides and why does it matter?, https://beelinguapp.com/blog/the-difference-
between-language-and-dialect#:~:text=Based%20on%20these%20definitions%2C%20the,and%20more%20fluid%20in%20use.
World Health Organization. (19 February 2018). Millennium Development Goals. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/millennium-
development-goals-(mdgs)#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20Millennium%20Declaration,are%20derived%20from%20this%20Declaration.
WSG Article: Bridging the Gap: Enhanced Basic Education through K-12 - SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan. (n.d.). World Services Group.
https://www.worldservicesgroup.com/publications.asp?action=article&artid=5735.
Xuan Nhat Chi Mai Nguyen, Van Huy Nguyen (2019). https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315666235-13/language-education-
policy-vietnam-xuan-nhat-chi-mai-nguyen-van-huy-nguyen?context=ubx.
Young, C. (2018, July) Good Practices in Mother-Tongue First Multilingual Education. Slideplayer. https://slideplayer.com/slide/16291438/.
Young, C., Rosero, M. W. I., McEachern, F., Skoropinski, X. R., Dekker, D., Giron, P. R., Flojo, O. O., Japson, M. R., Bañez, R. C. G., & Corpuz, B. B.
(2016). Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Guide for Teacher Educators and Students. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
1. Midterm and final examination
2. Discussion paper and online/offline discussion
3. Reflective essays
4. Attendance
Additional information:
1. A messenger group chat (GC ) will be created for the subject. Such GC will only be used to immediately address queries about the subject.
2. Google Classroom will be created for posting instructions, syllabus, rubrics, videos and links to online materials.
3. All assignments and course requirements shall be submitted to the instructor’s email address presley_devera@yahoo.com unless otherwise
indicated by the instructor. Identify yourself as member of the class (mention the subject) and use your real name. Please indicate your
name and the activity (e.g. Maxine Prieto, BSE (Language Policies and Programs) - Reaction Paper # 1) in the subject of the email for
purposes of monitoring of submission and on-time passing of requirements
PRESLEY V. DE VERA, DCOMM CARMELA S. ESTIMADA GRACE G. DE VERA, Ed.D. RENATO E. SALCEDO, Ph.D.
Faculty Department Chairperson College Dean Campus Executive Director