Section Cpp20 Modules Slides

Slides
Section : C++20 Modules

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
Slide intentionally left empty
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C++20 Modules
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Concepts Ranges
Coroutines Modules
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• One of the big C++20 features
• Changes the compilation model of C++ programs
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math.h
main.cpp
#include “math.h”
math.cpp
stuff.cpp
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Problems with headers
• Compilation speed
• ODR violations
• Include order
• …
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math.ixx
main.cpp
import math;
math.cpp
import math;
stuff.cpp
import math;
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main.cpp
import math;
math.ixx BMI
math.cpp
import math;
math
stuff.cpp
import math;
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With modules
• Compilation speed improved by BMI

• ODR violations. None. BMI lives in one object file
• Include order. Doesn’t matter. Modules available in
some pre-compiled form in the BMI file
• …
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#include <cstring>; Global Module Fragment
Module preamble
Module purview
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Global Module fragment
• Can only contain preprocessor directives

• Allows old style #include’ing of headers in a module
• #include statements can only show up in the global module
fragment, if you put them elsewhere, you’ll get weird errors
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Module preamble
• Should only contain import statements. May be importing

proper module files, or just plain old non C-library headers
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Module purview
• Contains the meat of the module; functions, types ,… that

make up the interface of the module
• Some entities are exported, making them visible outside the
module
• Those not exported are only usable inside the module itself
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Facts
• Each module is compiled independently into an object file

• Modules must be compiled in an order in such a way that all
the dependencies are compiled first.
• If you are compiling manually on the command line yourself,
you have to take care of this order yourself
• In practice however, IDEs and build systems will figure out this
order automatically.
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Environment
• Windows 10
• Miscrosoft Visual Studio 2019 16.9.0 Preview 2
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Compiler Build system IDE
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Your First Module
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math.ixx
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main.cpp
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Module interface file
• If the module declaration has export in front of it, the file containing the
module becomes a module interface file
• The collection of entities export’ed from a module file make up the

module interface
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Module interface file extension
msvc : .ixx
Gcc/Clang : .cc/.cppm
* gcc : https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/cxx-modules
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Three options for working with modules
• Include translation
• Header importation
• Module importation
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Include translation
• Plain old raw #include statements in the global module fragment
• Other preprocessing directives should show up in the global module

fragment too
• Headers that originate from the C Standard Library like <cmath>,

<cstring>, … can only shop up in the global module fragment. You’ll
regognize them because their names are prefixed with a “c”
• The magic by which non modular code in the global module

fragment is converted and consumed in our module is out of scope
for this course
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Header Importation
• Imports in the module preamble like import <iostream>;
• They are ended by a semicolon “;”
• Headers imported with the syntax “import <iostream>;” are called

header units
• The compiler actually goes in and transforms the header into a legit
module interface file by inserting proper module declarations and
export statements where it makes sense
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Module importation
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Module importation
The name you use in your import statement is not based on the name
of the file containing the module, it’s based on the name in your
module declaration statement
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Block Export
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math.ixx
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math.ixx
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Separating the interface from the
implementation
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Interface
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Implementation
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Separating the interface from the
implementation : Different files
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Interface : lives in module interface file (.ixx)
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Module implementation file
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Multiple Module Implementation
Files
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Interface : lives in module interface file (.ixx)
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math.cpp
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print.cpp
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Multiple Interface Files
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math.ixx (OLD)
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math.ixx
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print.ixx
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math.cpp
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print.cpp
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Export Import
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print.ixx
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main.cpp
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Sub-modules
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math
math.add_sub math.mult_div
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main.cpp
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Module interface partitions
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math
math:addition math:multiplication
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main.cpp
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More on Modules
• Module Implementation Partitions

• Visiblility and Reachability
• …
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References
https://vector-of-bool.github.io/2019/03/10/modules-1.html
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C++20 Modules : Summary
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• One of the big C++20 features
• Changes the compilation model of C++ programs
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main.cpp
import math;
math.ixx BMI
math.cpp
import math;
math
stuff.cpp
import math;
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#include <cstring>; Global Module Fragment
Module preamble
Module purview
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Block export
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Separate Interface from Implementation – Same File/ Different files
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Multiple implementation files for an interface
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Multiple Interffaces
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Export Import
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Submodules
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Module Interface
Partitions
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Section : C++20 Modules

• Compilation speed improved by BMI

• Can only contain preprocessor directives

• Should only contain import statements. May be importing

• Contains the meat of the module; functions, types ,… that

• Each module is compiled independently into an object file

• The collection of entities export’ed from a module file make up the

• Plain old raw #include statements in the global module fragment

• Other preprocessing directives should show up in the global module

• Headers that originate from the C Standard Library like <cmath>,

• The magic by which non modular code in the global module

• Imports in the module preamble like import <iostream>;

• They are ended by a semicolon “;”

• Headers imported with the syntax “import <iostream>;” are called

• Module Implementation Partitions

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