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    Lab 2 Solubility

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    alihussein
    The document discusses the solubility test and factors that affect solubility. It describes how to identify an unknown organic compound using solubility tests in water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. The results showed the compound was insoluble in water but soluble in the other two solvents.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 2 Solubility

    Uploaded by

    alihussein
    8 views5 pages
    The document discusses the solubility test and factors that affect solubility. It describes how to identify an unknown organic compound using solubility tests in water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. The results showed the compound was insoluble in water but soluble in the other two solvents.

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    lab 2 solubility

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    The document discusses the solubility test and factors that affect solubility. It describes how to identify an unknown organic compound using solubility tests in water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. The results showed the compound was insoluble in water but soluble in the other two solvents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views5 pages

    Lab 2 Solubility

    Uploaded by

    alihussein
    The document discusses the solubility test and factors that affect solubility. It describes how to identify an unknown organic compound using solubility tests in water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. The results showed the compound was insoluble in water but soluble in the other two solvents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    Identification of

    organic compounds using

    The Solubility test

    UNKNOWN: 60
    Ali Hussein Sabr | Pharmaceutical Chemistry |
    28/2/2024
    Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Karima Fadhil Ali
    Solubility is the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance
    (referred to as the solute) to dissolve in a solvent (usually a liquid) and form
    a solution.

    The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the solvent used,


    temperature, and pressure. The solubility of a substance in a particular
    solvent is measured by the concentration of the saturated solution. A
    solution is considered saturated when adding additional solute, no longer
    increases the concentration of the solution.
    The degree of solubility ranges widely depending on the substances, from
    infinitely soluble (fully miscible), such as ethanol in water, to poorly soluble,
    such as silver chloride in water. The term “insoluble” is often applied to
    poorly soluble compounds. Under certain conditions, the equilibrium
    solubility can be exceeded, yielding a supersaturated solution.

    PAGE 1
    What are the factors that affect the solubility?

    Temperature
    The solubility of a given solute in a given solvent typically depends on
    temperature. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, solubility tends to
    correspond with increasing temperature. As water molecules heat up, they
    vibrate more quickly and are better able to interact with and break apart
    the solute.

    The solubility of gases displays the opposite relationship with temperature;


    that is, as temperature increases, gas solubility tends to decrease.

    Pressure
    Pressure has a negligible effect on the solubility of solid and liquid solutes,
    but it has a strong effect on solutions with gaseous solutes. This is apparent
    every time you open a soda can; the hissing sound from the can is because
    its contents are under pressure, which ensures that the soda stays
    carbonated (that is to say, that the carbon dioxide stays dissolved in
    solution). The takeaway from this is that the solubility of gases tends to
    correlate with increasing pressure.

    Polarity
    A popular saying used for predicting solubility is “Like dissolves like.” This
    statement indicates that a solute will dissolve best in a solvent that has a
    similar chemical structure; the ability of a solvent to dissolve various
    compounds depends primarily on its polarity. For example, a polar solute
    such as sugar is very soluble in polar water, less soluble in moderately polar
    methanol, and practically insoluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene.
    In contrast, a non-polar solute such as naphthalene is insoluble in water,
    moderately soluble in methanol, and highly soluble in benzene.

    PAGE 2
    Purpose of the Experiment:-
    Identifying an unknown organic compound.

    Procedure:-

    Results:-
    1- When add 1 ml of H2O, the unknown compound was insoluble in water.
    2- When add 1 ml of NaOH, the unknown compound was soluble in sodium
    hydroxide.
    3- When adding 1 ml of 5% NaHCO3, the unknown compound was soluble in
    sodium bicarbonate.

    PAGE 3
    PAGE 4

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