1. Natural selection is the only mechanism driving evolution.

(False)
2. Evolution occurs when there is a deliberate effort by organisms to adapt to their
environment. (False)
3. The modern theory of biological evolution attributes the diversity of life on Earth
primarily to random mutations. (False)
4. Evolution can lead to the extinction of some species when they become unsuitable
for new environmental conditions. (True)
5. Whales evolved from a common ancestor with birds. (False)
6. Dinosaurs became extinct solely due to genetic evolution within their species.
(False)
7. Australia's major flyless birds became extinct due to their inability to fly, making
them vulnerable to predators. (True)
8. Evolution is always a guarantee of a species' survival. (False)
9. Spike tigers became extinct 65 million years ago. (False)
10-Natural selection favors traits that are detrimental to an organism's survival. (False)

10. What is the primary mechanism driving evolution?

a) Genetic engineering
b) Natural selection
c) Artificial selection
d) Environmental manipulation
Answer: b) Natural selection
11. Which of the following statements about evolution is true?
a) Evolution occurs only when organisms intentionally adapt to their environment.
b) Evolution is a process of sudden, drastic changes in organisms.
c) Evolution primarily results from random mutations and environmental influences.
d) Evolutionary changes are always beneficial to all species involved.
Answer: c) Evolution primarily results from random mutations and
environmental influences.
12. Which of the following examples illustrates evolution due to natural
selection?
a) Dolphins evolving from land mammals.
b) Birds evolving from a common ancestor with reptiles.
c) Whales evolving from birds.
d) Reptiles evolving into amphibians.
Answer: b) Birds evolving from a common ancestor with reptiles.
13. What can lead to the extinction of a species according to the text?
a) Adaptation to new environmental conditions
b) Sudden environmental changes and loss of important traits
c) Lack of genetic variation within a population
d) Continuous improvement of adaptive features
Answer: b) Sudden environmental changes and loss of important traits
14. Which of the following species became extinct due to the spread of humans
and vulnerability to predators?
a) Spike tigers
b) Dinosaurs
c) Australia's major flyless birds
d) Whales
Answer: c) Australia's major flyless birds
15. What role did natural selection play in the extinction of dinosaurs?
a) It favored traits that made them adaptable to new environmental conditions.
b) It led to the loss of vital traits necessary for survival.
c) It accelerated their evolutionary process, making them immune to extinction.
d) It had no significant impact on their extinction.
Answer: b) It led to the loss of vital traits necessary for survival.
16. According to the text, what does natural selection favor?
a) Traits that are detrimental to an organism's survival.
b) Traits that are random and have no impact on survival.
c) Traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.
d) Traits that are fixed and unchangeable.
Answer: c) Traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and
reproduction.
17. Which of the following statements about evolution is false?
a) Evolution is a guarantee of a species' survival.
b) Evolution can lead to the diversity of life on Earth.
c) Evolution is primarily driven by natural selection.
d) Evolutionary changes occur over generations.
Answer: a) Evolution is a guarantee of a species' survival.
18. What role did natural selection play in the evolution of birds?
a) It led to the loss of feathers.
b) It favored traits that made them heavier.
c) It favored traits that allowed them to fly and survive.
 d) It had no impact on bird evolution.
Answer: c) It favored traits that allowed them to fly and survive.
19. Which of the following species became extinct due to environmental changes
and genetic evolution?
a) Spike tigers
b) Birds
c) Whales
d) Humans
Answer: a) Spike tigers
20. Lamarck's theory of evolution suggests that acquired traits can be inherited by offspring.
(True)
21. According to Lamarck's theory, the law of use and neglect states that traits become stronger
with less frequent use. (False)
22. Lamarck's theory suggests that giraffes developed long necks because they continually
stretched them to reach high branches. (True)
23. Lamarck's theory of evolution gained general acceptance among scientists due to its strong
empirical evidence. (False)
24. Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired traits has been supported by modern genetic
research. (False)
25. The law of inheritance of acquired qualities in Lamarck's theory suggests that traits
acquired during an individual's lifetime can be passed on to future generations. (True)
26. Lamarck's theory of evolution has been entirely disregarded in modern biology due to its
lack of empirical support. (False)
27. The experiment conducted by Weizmann with mice tail amputation supported Lamarck's
theory of inheritance of acquired traits. (False)
28. The theory of spontaneous formation suggests that living organisms can arise spontaneously
from non-living matter. (True)
29. The theory of cosmic origin of life suggests that life originated solely from chemical
reactions on Earth. (False)

30. Lamarck's theory of evolution suggests that:

a) Acquired traits can be inherited by offspring.

b) Organisms evolve primarily through random mutations.
c) Natural selection drives the inheritance of traits.
d) Environmental changes have no impact on species evolution.
Answer: a) Acquired traits can be inherited by offspring.
31. The law of use and neglect in Lamarck's theory implies that:
a) Traits become weaker with less frequent use.
b) Organisms evolve solely through conscious effort.
c) Use of certain traits leads to their strengthening.
d) Inherited traits have no relation to an organism's environment.
Answer: c) Use of certain traits leads to their strengthening.
32. Lamarck's theory uses which of the following examples to support the idea of acquired
traits?
a) Darwin's finches adapting different beak shapes due to food availability.
b) Giraffes evolving long necks due to stretching to reach high branches.
c) Fish developing fins for swimming in aquatic environments.
d) Wolves evolving from domesticated dogs due to hunting pressures.
Answer: b) Giraffes evolving long necks due to stretching to reach high branches.
33. The theory of spontaneous formation suggests that:
a) Life originated from cosmic environments like meteorites.
b) Living organisms arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
c) Evolution is primarily driven by natural selection.
d) Life on Earth arose from chemical reactions in specific environments.
Answer: b) Living organisms arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
34. The experiment conducted by Francesco Reddy refuted the theory of spontaneous formation
by demonstrating that:
a) Insects can emerge from inert substances under certain conditions.
b) Wheat grains can transform into insects without any living source.
c) Insects arise only from other living organisms, not from inanimate matter.
d) Insects are primarily attracted to airtight environments.
Answer: c) Insects arise only from other living organisms, not from inanimate matter.
35. The theory of cosmic origin of life suggests that life:
a) Originated solely from chemical reactions on Earth.
b) Arrived on Earth from other celestial bodies like meteors.
c) Evolved through gradual changes in response to environmental pressures.
d) Emerged spontaneously in warm water environments.
Answer: b) Arrived on Earth from other celestial bodies like meteors.
36. The main scientifically accepted theory to explain the origin of life on Earth is:
a) Lamarck's theory of evolution.
b) The theory of cosmic origin of life.
c) The theory of spontaneous formation.
d) The theory of terrestrial origin of life.
Answer: d) The theory of terrestrial origin of life.
37. Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired qualities was refuted by:
a) Gregor Mendel's experiments on pea plants.
b) Francesco Reddy's experiment with wheat grains and insects.
 c) Weizmann's experiment with mice tail amputation.
d) Darwin's observations of finch beak variations.
Answer: a) Gregor Mendel's experiments on pea plants.
38. Lamarck's theory suggests that:
a) Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime cannot be inherited by offspring.
b) Environmental changes have no impact on species evolution.
c) Offspring inherit traits based solely on genetic mutations.
d) Organisms evolve solely through conscious effort.
Answer: d) Organisms evolve solely through conscious effort.
39. The theory of cosmic origin of life is based on:
a) Lamarck's observations of acquired traits.
b) Evidence of amino acids and organic matter in meteorites and comets.
c) Darwin's theory of natural selection.
d) Experiments conducted by Francesco Reddy.
Answer: b) Evidence of amino acids and organic matter in meteorites and comets.