Course

(Applicable from Session 2023-2024)

Year II, Semester-III
S. Course Subject Periods Sessional Marks Total
Course Title Credits ESE
No. Type Code Marks
L T P MSE TA Lab Total
Engineering
1 BSC NMA-201 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Mathematics-II
Fluid Mechanics and
2 ESC NCT-201 4 3 0 2 15 20 15 50 50 100
Mechanical Operations
Introduction to Surface
3 PCC Coatings and their NPT-201 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Components
Technology of Organic,
4 PCC Functional and Effect NPT-203 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Pigments
Chemical Process
5 PCC NPT-205 3 3 0 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Calculations
Economics and
6 HSMC NHS-201 3 3 0 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Management
Introduction to Surface
7 PCC Coatings and their NPT-207 2 0 0 4 - 20 30 50 50 100
Components Lab
Total Credits: 24 700
(Applicable from Session 2023-2024)
Year II, Semester-IV
S. Course Subject Periods Sessional Marks Total
Course Title Credits ESE
No. Type Code Marks
L T P MSE TA Lab Total
Modern Analytical
1 BSC NCY- 202 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Techniques
Computer Oriented
2 ESC NMA-204 4 3 0 2 15 20 15 50 50 100
Numerical Methods
Technology of Natural
3 PCC Resins, Alkyds and NPT-202 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Polyesters
Chemical Engineering
4 PCC NPT-204 4 3 1 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer
5 PCC NPT-206 3 3 0 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
Operations
Technology of
6 PCC Inorganic Pigments NPT-208 3 3 0 0 30 20 - 50 50 100
and Extenders
Pigments and
7 PCC Extenders Lab NPT-210 2 0 0 4 - 20 30 50 50 100

Total Credits: 24 700

VI.(A) Preparation of different Types of Oil-based Coating Media: By using various Drying Oils/ Natural resins
combinations

(B) Testing of Oil-based Coating Media: Colour, Specific Gravity, Refractive index, Viscosity, Drying Time (with
Various Driers), Non- volatile (Solid) Content

NOTE: Evaluation / Testing/ Analysis/ Characterization is to be done by using MODERN INSTRUMENTS.

References and suggested readings:

1. BIS Specifications, IS 74.1979, IS 548 Part (I).1964

2. AOCS Specifications
3.Paint & Coating Testing Manual, Gardener-Sward Handbook),15th Edition, ASTM International.
 NCY-202: Modern Analytical Techniques
L T P C
3 0 3 4

Course outcome
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

CO1 Interpret Raman and IR–Spectra for characterization of Understand,Apply,Analyze

materials.

CO2 Interpret NMR, Mass and ESR–Spectra for Understand,Apply,Analyze

characterization of materials.

CO3 To analyze the conductivity to determine the concentration of Understand,Apply

Solution and i-E characteristics of the samples.
CO4 Analytical separation carried out by Chromatography in Remember,Apply,Analyze
A multi-component system.
CO5 Elucidation of the Thermal Stability of different molecules and Understand,Apply,Evaluate,Cr
their Characterization on the basis of their thermal stability and eate
Glass Transition Temperature of Polymers. Determine the
specific heat, heat of reaction, Melting point & boiling point.
Check the purity of drugs, crystallization and fusion of
polymeric
Materials.
CO6 To develop experimental skills to perform, monitor and Understand,Evaluate,Analyze
manipulate the reactions.

Chemistry
BCY252 PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

CO1 3 3 2 3 2 - 1 - - - - 3
CO2 3 3 2 3 2 - 1 - - - - 3
CO3 3 3 2 3 2 - 1 - - - - 3
CO4 3 3 2 3 2 - 1 - - - - 3
CO5 3 3 2 3 2 - 1 - - - - 3
CO6 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 - 3
Average 3 3 2.17 3 2 0.33 1.17 0.33 0.17 0.33 - 3
1:Slight(Low) 2:Moderate(Medium) 3:Substantial(High) If thereisnocorrelationput“-”.

SYLLABUS

Module I
(i) Infrared Spectroscopy: Principle, mechanics of measurements, Selection rules, fundamental vibration
modes, Factors influencing the band position and intensities, some characteristic frequencies and co-
relation of IR spectra with molecular structures (applications), effect of Hydrogen Bonding on vibrational
frequencies.(Lectures: 5-6)
(ii) Raman Spectroscopy: Introduction theory of Raman Spectroscopy, Mechanism of Raman and Rayleigh
scattering, Rule of Mutual Exclusion, correlation with the molecular structure, difference between Raman
and IR spectra, Resonance Raman effect, Application of Raman Spectroscopy.
(Lecture 2-3)
(iii) Inductively coupled plasma- Introduction, Principle and applications of ICP-AES or OES.
(Lectures:2-3)

Module II
(i) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction, basic principles, mechanics of
measurements, chemical shift, band multiplets, spin-spin splitting, shielding and deshielding effect, spin-
spin coupling and coupling constant(J), some characteristics of NMR positions, Application in elucidation
of molecular structure,,Elementary idea of NOE, DEPTNMR, C13NMR, P31NMR, F19NMR.
(Lectures:4-5)
(ii) Mass Spectroscopy: Introduction, basic principles, instrumentation, fragmentation patterns, nitrogen
rule, McLafferty Rearrangement, interpretation of mass spectra and applications.
(Lectures:3-4)
(iii) ESR(Electron Spin Resonance)-Basic Principles, Instrumentation and Applications.
(Lectures:2-3)
Module III

(i)Potentiometry and Conductometry: General principles, reference and indicator electrodes, potentiometric
and conductometric titrations.
(Lectures: 3-
4)Polarography: Basic principle, dropping mercury electrode (DME), half wave potential ,polarographic
currents and applications.
(Lectures:3-4)

Module IV

(i) Chromatographic methods: Introduction to chromatographic methods: Paper, TLC, Column and Gas
chromatography, Principles, Instrumentation, GC column, Detectors and stationary phases and applications
Hyphenated techniques(GC-MS). (Lectures: 4-5)
Liquid Chromatography LC/HPLC, Column efficiency in LC, Detectors, Instrumentation,
Partition/Adsorption/Ion Exchange Chromatography and applications.
(Lectures: 4-5)

ModuleV

(i) Thermal Methods of Analysis: Thermo gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and
differential scanning calorimetry and applications.(Lectures:4-5)
(ii) Electron Microscopy: Introduction and Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). (Lectures: 2-3)
(iii) X-ray methods: Introduction and applications of XRD.(Lectures: 2-3)

CHEMISTRYLAB

List of Experiments:
1. Estimation of vitamin C in commercial soft drink/GluconD.
2. Determine the strength of oxalic acid conductometrically using sodiumhydroxide solution.
3. Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography.
4. Determination of Rf value of Methyl Orange and Phenolphthalein using paper/thin layer
chromatography.
5. Separation of metal ions by paper chromatography.
6. Determine the adsorption isotherm of oxalic acid/acetic acid on activated charcoal and verify the
Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
7. Determine the rate constant(K)of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate catalyzed by HCl.
8. Synthesis of p-nitro acetanilide from acetanilide and find its percentage yield.
 9. Determine the viscosity and percentage composition of the given liquid using Ostwald’s
viscometer.
10. Determine the strength of given glucose solution by titration against Fehling’s solution.
11. Determination of dissociation constant k for a weak acid using conductometry.
12. Separation of mixtures using column chromatography.
13. Estimation of Phosphoricacid from cocacola.
14. Preparation of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) from phenol.

ReferenceBooks:
1. Instrumental Analysis by Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler & Stanley R. Crouch, Publisher:
Thomson Brooks/Cole.
2. Instrumental Methods Analysis, by B. K. Sharma, Publisher: Krishna Prakashan Media.
3. Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, A. I. Vogel, Publisher: Longman
4. Elementary Organic SpectroscopybyY.R. Sharma, Publisher: S. Chand .
5. Engineering Chemistry by Shashi Chawla, Publisher: Dhanpat Rai& Co.
 NMA-204 Computer Oriented Numerical Methods
L T P C
3 0 2 4

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this course is to provide conceptual understanding of:

 various numerical methods for solving linear and nonlinear equations.

 various numerical techniques of interpolation, integration, and differentiation with
their applications.
 various numerical methods to solve IVPS and BVPS.

Course Outcome: On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

CO1 find roots of nonlinear equations and solve systems of algebraic K1, K5
equations.
CO2 use interpolation techniques and to find numerical differentiation/ K3, K5
integration of data, function.
CO3 use numerical methods for finding solutions of ordinary differential K3, K5
equations, simultaneous and higher order equations.
CO4 learn numerical methods for finding solution of initial and boundary value K1, K2
problems, partial differential equations.
CO5 learn basic concepts of some Finite element methods. K1, K2

CO-PO Mapping:

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

CO1 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 3
CO2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 3
CO3 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 2
CO4 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 3
CO5 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 3
Avg. 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - 3
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) If there is no
correlation, put “- “

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: Nonlinear Equations and Simultaneous Linear Equations: 12 hours Roots of nonlinear
equation: Methods of solution, Order of convergence of iterative methods, Simple roots: Bisection, False
position, Secant, Newton-Raphson, Chebyshev, Iteration and multi point iteration methods, Multiple roots:
Newton-Raphson and Chebyshev, Complex roots: Newton-Raphson and Muller’s method, System of nonlinear
equations: Newton-Raphson and Iteration methods, Polynomial equations: Bairstow’s method, convergence
analysis of abovemethods.
Linear systems: Introduction, Direct methods, Operation count, Pivoting, Ill conditioned linear systems &
condition number, Iteration methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, SOR methods, convergence conditions. Special
system of equations: Thomas algorithm, Eigen value problems: Given’s and Power methods.

UNIT II: Interpolation, Differentiation and Integration: 10 hours Curve

fitting: Polynomial interpolation, error, existence and uniqueness, truncation errorbounds, difference operators,
 Newton forward and backward difference interpolations,Lagrange, Newton divided difference and iterated
interpolations, Stirling and Bessel’sinterpolations, Spline interpolation, Least squares and Chebyshev
approximations, Numericaldifferentiation: Methods based on interpolation, error analysis, Numerical integration:
methodsbased on interpolations (Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3, Simpson’s 3/8 rule), Gauss quadraturemethods,
Romberg integration, error bounds and estimates.

UNIT III: Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: 6 hours Initial-

value problems, Single step methods: Taylor’s, Picard’s, Euler’s, Modified Euler’smethod and Runge-Kutta
method (fourth order), error estimates, multi-step methods: Adam’s-Bashforth and Milne’s methods, convergence
and stability analysis, Simultaneous and Higher order equations: RK Fourth order method.

UNIT IV: Initial & Boundary Value Problems and Iterative Solvers: 6 hours BVP:
Shooting method and finite difference methods for ordinary differential equations,Solution of partial differential
equations: Laplace, Poisson equations: standard 5- point anddiagonal 5- point formulae, Jacobi method, Gauss
Seidel method (Liebmann’s iterative method),Relaxation method. Solution of heat equation: Crank – Nicolson
method, Solution of waveequation.

UNIT V: Finite Element Method: 6 hours

Basic concepts, variational formulation and functional, base functions, approximations weighted residual methods:
Ritz method, Galerkin method, least squares method, collocation method, Finite element and solution of simple
problems and time dependent problems.

NT Lab:
Develop Programs of the following techniques in C/C++ Language:
1. To implement iterative methods to solve a nonlinear equation.
2. To implement iterative methods to solve a system of linear equations.
3. To implement Forward, Backward and Central difference interpolation formulae.
4. To implement Newton's divided difference and Lagrange's interpolation formulae.
5. To implement Numerical differentiation.
6. To implement Numerical integration using Trapezoidal, Simpson 1/3 and Simpson3/8 rules.
7. To implement single step methods to solve initial value problems.
8. To implement multi step methods to solve initial value problems.
9. Solution of Heat equations (Parabolic equations) by finite difference method.
10. Solution of Laplace equations (elliptic equations) by finite difference method.
11. Solution of wave equations (Hyperbolic equations) by finite difference method.

Books Recommended:

1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar & R.K. Jain, Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, N age International Publication.
2. S.S Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Eastern Economy Edition.
3. S. Rajsekaran, Numerical Method in Science and Engineering, Wheeler Publishing House.
4. B.S. Grewal, Numerical Method in Engineering & Science, Khanna Publisher.

Reference Books:

1. Chapra, S.C. and Canale, R.P., “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, Tata McGraw –Hill.
2. Balagurusamy, E., “Numerical Methods”, Tata McGraw –Hill.
3. Bradie, Brian (2006). A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis. Pearson EducationIndia.
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Third Impression, 2011.
4. K. W. Morton and D. F. Mayers, Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations,Cambridge
University Press.
 NPT 202: Technology of Natural Resins, Alkyds and Polyesters
L T P C
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this course is to enable the students understand:

Sources of various natural resins and their modifications for their use in coatings.
The fundamental concepts of resinification /polymerization to prepare synthetic resin.
Synthetic polyesters and alkyd resins: preparation, properties and applications.

Course Outcome
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

CO1 Study rosin and shellac and modify them for use in surface coatings Understand, Apply
CO2 Study natural high polymers and plasticizers and their application in surface coatings Apply
CO3 Study the functionality, degree of polymerization and molecular weight and their Apply
determination. Properties and applications of polyester resins
CO4 Formulate and evaluate Alkyd resins and carry out calculations for making tailor made Apply, Evaluate
alkyds
CO5 Study Hydrocarbon resins, Bitumen, CNSL and BNSL resins Understand
CO6 Physical and chemical examination of natural resins and their modifications Apply

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 2 2 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 2
CO2 3 1 - - - 1 1 - 2 - - 2
CO3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - - 1 2
CO4 3 3 3 3 3 - 2 - 1 2 3 3
CO5 3 - - - - - 2 - - - - 1
Avg 3.0 1.33 1.17 1.17 1.0 0.33 1.17 0.0 0.83 0.33 1.0 1.67
1:Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) If there is no correlation, put
“-”

SYLLABUS

Module- I: Natural Resins and Their Modifications

(a) Resins and polymers, resinous state and degree of polymerization, Resinous polymers/Polymeric resins,
classification of resins, Natural, Semi-synthetic & Synthetic Resins/Polymers, classification of natural resins,
sources, availability and properties of fossil & semi-fossil resins, processing of natural resins- congo, copal, kauri
etc.
(b) Rosin/ colophony : sources and recovery of rosin, grades of rosin, composition of oleoresin, composition of
rosin, abietic type acids & pimaric type acids, types of rosins (gum rosin, wood rosin, tall oil rosin), properties of
rosins, structure-property relationship, deficiencies of rosin films, dis-proportionated rosin, modification of rosins
; polymerized (dimerized) rosin, hydrogenated rosin, limed rosin, rosin esters, maleinized rosin, maleopimaric
acid, maleic resins (regular and spirit soluble), water soluble maleic resins, identification of presence of rosin.
Application of rosin in surface coating
(c) Shellac: origin and extraction, different kinds of lacs and their properties, composition of lac(shellac),
properties and testing of shellac, chemical modifications of shellac, French polish, uses of shellac in surface
coatings.
(d) Introduction to Terpene resin:
Module-II: Natural Polymers and Their Modifications
(a) Cellulosic polymers : sources, constitution and properties of natural cellulose, deficiencies of natural cellulose
as coating binder, chemical modifications of cellulose, ethers , esters and mixed esters, nitro cellulose (NC) ,
degree of substitution(DS) and degree of polymerization (DP), grades of NC based on solution viscosity, grades
of NC based on Nitrogen content & solubility, structure-property relationship, Thinner composition for NC,
handling & storage of NC, water soluble cellulose derivatives; preparation, properties, testing and uses of
individual cellulose derivatives (CA, CAB, EC, HEC, EHEC, MC, CMC, SCMC).
(b) Plasticizers : definitions, role of plasticizers, internal and external plasticizers- primary and secondary
plasticizers, mechanism of plasticization, types of plasticizers – oils, resin type and simple chemicals such as
phthalates, sebacates, phosphates, camphor, polymeric and non-phthalate plasticizers etc. , molecular structure,
properties and uses of individual plasticizers, efficiencies of plasticizers, evaluation of plasticizers based on
tensile strength, percent elongation, low temperature flexibility, exudation etc.
(c) Rubber and their modifications: sources & recovery of natural rubber from latex, properties of natural
rubber,deficiencies of natural rubbers as coating binder, modifications of natural rubber-chlorinated rubber resins,
cyclized (isomerized) rubber resins, grades of modified rubbers resins, properties of chlorinated rubber resins vs
cyclized rubber resins and their evaluation, merits and demerits of chlorinated and cyclized rubber resins, specific
uses of modified rubber resins., butadiene- acrylonitrile co-polymers, chloroprene rubber, high SBR co-polymer,
chlorinated paraffins & chloro waxes, biphenyls &polyphenyls, rubber resin latexes/ lattices for use in water-
based coatings.

Module-III: Alkyd Resins, Formulation and Manufacture

Raw materials & their properties, oils & fatty acids for alkyds, chemistry and formulation of various alkyds, oil
length & molecular structure and their effect on alkyds film properties, excess hydroxyls, Carother’s equation and
its applications, alkyd constant, tailor-made alkyds, formula calculation, manufacturing processes,
oil/monoglyceride process, fatty acid process; fusion & solvent methods, Commercial plant (batch & continuous)
for alkyd manufacture, gelation tendency & safe processing, classification, properties and application of various
types of alkyds, modification of alkyds such as acrylation, styrenation, silicone modification, vinylation urethane
modification, epoxy modification, co-polymerized alkyds, natural & synthetic resin modified alkyds, water
soluble alkyds. Alkyd emulsions (O/W, W/O), secondary inverted emulsion,
.
Module-IV: Introduction to Synthetic Polymers and Polyesters
(a) Polymerisable monomers vs. Monomeric chemicals, functionality of molecules and its determination; degree
of polymerization and molecular weight; non-convertible and convertible film-formers, Thermoplasts &
Thermosets

(b) Polyester resins : saturated polyesters (oil-free alkyds), unsaturated polyesters, components and formulations
of polyester resins, curing mechanism, air inhibition, properties, applications of polyester resins, hydrolytic
stability, recent trends, hyper-branched polyesters, high solids and radiation curable compositions, water soluble
polyesters

Module-V: Hydrocarbon and Other Resins

Bitumens and asphalts , petroleum bitumens, natural bitumens, gilsonite, albino bitumens (petroleum resins),
pitches, gums , glues, proteins (casein), waxes.
Hydrocarbon resins :coumerone and indene resins, resins from petroleum products, terpene resins,
dicyclopentadiene resins (DCPD), hydrogenated DCPD resins. Miscellaneous resins : Gum damar, fluoro
polymers, PVDF resins, PVDC Emulsions, PTFE, ketonic resins, polycarbonates, CNSL & BSNL resins etc.

References and other readings:

1. Organic Coating Technology, Volume I; by Henry Fleming Payne, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Surface Coatings, Volume I; by OCCA Australia (Prepd.), Chapman and Hall
3. Basics of Paint Technology, Part I & II, by V.C.Malshe nht & MeenalSikchi.
4. Modern Surface Coatings, by P.Nylen and E. Sunderland.
5. Outlines of Paint Technology, III Ed.; by W.M.Morgans, Edward Arnold
6. Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, Volume I; by Z.W.Wicks, F.N.Jones and S.P.Pappas, Wiley-
Interscience
7. Handbook of coatings additives, by L.J. Calbo (Ed.), Marcel Dekker Inc.
8. Protective and decorative coatings; by J.J. Mattiello.
9. Technology of Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers by C.R.Martin.
 NPT 204 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

OBJECTIVE: L T P C
3 1 0 4
To understand the theory and applications of classical thermodynamics, thermodynamic
properties, equations of state, methods used to describe and predict phase equilibria.
Course outcomes:
CO1 Understand the basic laws of thermodynamics and the terminology Understand, Analysis
associated with engineering thermodynamics.
CO2 Apply the laws of thermodynamics to evaluate the work and energy Apply, Evaluate
required/produced in different thermodynamic processes
CO3 Apply the knowledge of phase equilibria in two-component and multi- Apply, Evaluate
component systems.
CO4 Analyze the thermodynamic properties of substances in gas or liquid Understand, Analysis
state of ideal and real mixture
CO5 Understand intermolecular potential and excess property behaviour of Understand, Analysis
multi-component systems

CO-PO Mapping
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 1

CO2 3 1 1 1 - - 3 - - 1 - 1

CO3 3 3 2 2 - - - - - 1 - 1

CO4 3 3 3 2 - - 1 - - 1 - 1

CO5 3 2 2 3 - - 1 - - 1 - 1

Avg.
3 2.2 1.8 1.8 - - 1.5 0 0 1 0 1

Syllabus

Module 1 (8 hours)
Basic Concepts: Scope of thermodynamics, System & Surroundings, Properties, phase, zeroth law of
thermodynamics, Temperature, Equilibrium, Reversible & Irreversible process, Work, Heat, Energy;
First Law of Thermodynamics: Joule’s Experiment, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Heat capacities, Application of
first law to closed & open systems; Volumetric properties of pure fluids: PVT behaviour of pure substances,
Phase rule; Virial equation of state and its application: ideal gas and cubic equation of state.
Module 2 (6 hours)
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of First law of thermodynamics, second law of Thermodynamics,
Kelvin–Planck statement & Clausius Statement, Heat engine and thermal efficiency, Heat pump, Refrigerator,
COP, Carnot’s cycle, Carnot theorems; Entropy: Clausius theorem & Clausius inequality, Principle of entropy,
Entropy changes of an ideal gases, Entropy generation, Entropy balance for open systems, ideal work, and lost
work, Sustainability in chemical process industry.
Module 3 (6 hours)
Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids: Residual properties, Two phase systems: Clapeyron equation, Estimation of
thermodynamic properties by using graphs and tables;
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria: Nature of equilibrium, phase rule, VLE qualitative behaviour, Simple Models for VLE,
VLE by Modified Raoult’s law
Module 4 (6 hours)
Solution thermodynamics Theory: Fundamental property relation, Chemical potential and phase equilibria, Partial
properties, Ideal gas mixture model, Fugacity, and fugacity coefficient for pure species and in solution, Ideal
solution model and excess properties.
Module 5 (4 hours)
Solution thermodynamics Application: Liquid phase properties from VLE data, Models for the excess Gibbs
energy, Property changes of mixing.

Text Books
1. J.M. Smith and H.C. Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill
International Ltd,7th Edition, 2009.
2. Y.V.C. Rao, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Universities Press (India) Ltd. Hyderabad.
3. K.V. Narayanan, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Prentice Hall. 2007

Reference Books
B.G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Prentice Hall. 1999 Çengel, Y.A., Boles, M.A., Kanoğlu, M.,
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill Education, New York.

Web Links:

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/103/106/103106070/

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/103/101/103101004/
 NPT-206 Heat Transfer Operations

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE: To understand the fundamentals of heat transfer mechanisms in solids and fluids through different
modes and their applications in various heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers and evaporators etc in
process industries.

Course outcomes:

CO 1. Understand different modes of heat transfer and solving steady and Understand Analyze,
unsteady heat conduction problems Evaluate
CO 2. Apply calculation of heat transfer by free and force convection Apply, Analyze,
Evaluate
CO 3. Apply mechanism of radiation of heat transfer in systems used in Apply, Evaluate
different processing operations including solar radiation
CO 4. Understand phase-change phenomena of boiling and condensation Understand, Analyze,
Evaluate
Design of heat exchangers and its various types and applications Design
CO 5.

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSOs
CO1 3 3 2 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO2 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 3 3 3 3 2 - - - - 2
CO4 3 3 2 2 1 - - - - - - 2
CO5 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 2
Avg 3 3 2.4 2 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Syllabus:

Module 1 (6 hours)
Introduction to heat transfer and general concepts of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation, Types
of Insulating materials ,Conduction: Basic concepts of conduction in solids, liquids, gases, steady state
temperature fields and one dimensional conduction without heat generation e. g. through plain walls, cylindrical
and spherical surfaces, composite layers, insulation thickness, Extended surfaces, fins and their applications.
Introduction to unsteady state heat transfer.

MODULE 2 (6 hours)

Convection: Fundamentals of convection, Basic concepts and definitions, natural and forced convection,
hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers, laminar and turbulent heat transfer inside tubes, Dimensional
analysis, determination of individual and overall heat transfer coefficients.

MODULE 3 (6 hours)
Radiation: Basic laws of heat transfer by radiation, black body and gray body concepts, view factors, Kirchoff's
law, solar radiations, combined heat transfer coefficients by convection and radiation.

MODULE 4 (6 hours)
Heat Transfer by phase change: Condensation of pure vapors, film wise and drop wise condensation, heat transfer
in boiling liquids, boiling heat transfer coefficients, Evaporation: Elementary principles, types of evaporators,
Single and multiple effect evaporators.
MODULE 5 (6 hours)
Heat exchangers: Types of heat exchangers, Principal components of a concentric tube & shell-and- tube heat
exchangers, baffles, heat exchanger with multiple shell and tube passes, log-mean temperature difference, overall
heat transfer coefficient, fouling factors, design of double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers.

Text Books:
1. B. K. Dutta, Heat transfer: principles and applications. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2000.
2. C.P. Gupta, R. Prakash, Engineering Heat Transfer, Nem Chand & Bros., 2012.
3. D. Q. Kern. Process heat transfer, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950
Reference books
1. J.P. Holman, Heat transfer. McGraw Hill Higher Education; 2010.
2. Y. A., Cengel and A. J. Ghajar, Heat and Mass Transfer Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw Hill,
5th edition, 2016.

Web Links

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/103/105/103105140/

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/103/101/103101137/
 NPT 208: Technology of Inorganic Pigments and Extenders

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this course is to educate the students about

Properties of extenders and pigments
Characterization (testing and evaluation) of properties of pigments and extenders.
Manufacturing of Natural and Synthetic Pigments
Role of extenders and pigments in paints, printing inks, leather, plastics, rubbers etc.

Course Outcome
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

CO1 Understand the various properties of pigments and extenders and determine them by Understand,
analytical methods Apply
CO2 Study the manufacturing processes of inorganic prime pigments Understand,
CO3 Prepare extender pigments and study their properties and applications Apply, Create
CO4 Study the manufacturing processes and determine various properties of white and Understand,
black pigments Apply
CO5 Prepare coloured various inorganic pigments Apply, Create
CO6 Analyze and evaluate the extenders and pigments Analyze,
Evaluate

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 1 - 2 2 - - - 1 - 2 2
CO2 3 2 - - - 2 1 - 1 - 1 2
CO3 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO4 3 2 - 3 - - 2 - 1 - 1 2
CO5 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3
CO6 3 3 3 2 2 2 - - 2 2 3 2
Avg 3.0 2.0 1.33 2.0 1.33 1.0 1.17 0.67 1.5 0.67 1.83 2.17
1:Slight(Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)If there is no correlation, put “-”

SYLLABUS
Module-I: Pigmentary properties
Properties and evaluation of pigments such as primary crystal structure, secondary crystal structure, primary
pigment particles, aggregates, agglomerates, particle size and distribution, surface area by bet techniques, pigment
particle shape, refractive index and hiding power, oil absorption, colour, specific gravity and bulking value, uv
and ir absorption, light fastness, resistance to heat, water, alkali and acid, corrosion inhibition, toxicity, reducing
power, tinting strength, flooding and floating, settling volatile and water soluble matter, residue on sieve,
bleeding and other chemical,

Module-II: Inorganic prime pigments

Definition and classification of pigments. General methods of manufacturing of natural and synthetic inorganic:
Mechanical process,precipitation process, calcination process, other methods; pigments size reduction;
micronisation, air classification mill, airjet mill and surface treatment of pigments. Manufacturing, applications
and merits and demerits of nano pigments,

Module-III: Extender pigments

Source, manufacture, properties and uses of extenders pigments such as carbonates, such as calcium carbonate,
dolomite, whiting,calcite, silicates, such as china clay, talc, kaolin, mica, calcium magnesium silicate, silica
alumina, sulphates, such as barytes, blanc fixe, oxides, aluminates and miscellaneous extenders etc. Extender
mixtures, calcined pigments and extenders.

Module-IV: White and black pigments

Titanium dioxide: source, manufacturing, properties, chemistry, surface treatment, various grades and their
technical characterization, applications and ecology. Manufacturing, properties and applications of zinc oxide,
zinc sulphide, zinc phosphate, lithopone, basic lead carbonate, sulphate, silicate, etc. Antimony oxide, calcium
plumbate, zirconium oxide and silicate, potassium titanate, etc.
Source, manufacturing, properties and uses of black pigments : such as carbon black, furnace black, thermal, gas
channel, acetylene black, and their technical characterization e.g. Particle size crystal size shape and distribution
surface area oil absorption and structure of the aggregate, graphite, copper chrome complex, iron oxide, aniline
and logwood, etc.

Module-V: Colour pigments

Source, manufacture, properties and uses of natural and synthetic iron oxides, lead chromates, silico-chromates
and molybdate, chromegreen, chromium oxide, mixed metal pigments, cadmium pigments, prussian and
ultramarine blue, mercuric sulphide, cobalt blue, cadmium pigments, synthetic inorganic complexes and mixed
pigments e.g. Spinel pigments etc.
Text Book:
1. Gerhard Pfaf, Inorganic Pigments, ISBN 978-3-11-048450-2, CPI books GmbH, 2017
2. Gunter Buxbaum, Industrial Inorganic Pigments, ISBN 3527288783, 2nd edition, 1998
Reference Book:
1. T.C.Patton, Pigment Hand book Vol. I, II and III.
2. Basics of Paint Technology, Part I & II, by V.C.Malshe&MeenalSikchi.
3. Pigments, dyestuffs and Lakes, part six, Paint Technology Manuals.
4. H.F.Payne, Organic Coating Technology Vol. II.
5. Outlines of Paint Technology by W.M.Morgan.
6. Paints and Surface Coatings byLambourne
7. Technology of Pigments by A.B. Karnik
 NPT 210: Pigments and Extenders Lab

L T P C
0 0 4 2
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this course is to educate the students about
Properties of extenders and pigments
Characterization (testing and evaluation) of properties of pigments and extenders.
Manufacturing of Natural and Synthetic Pigments
Role of extenders and pigments in paints, printing inks, leather, plastics, rubbers etc.

Course Outcome
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

CO1 Analyze and evaluate various pigments and extenders Analyze,

Evaluate
CO2 Prepare various inorganic prime pigments Apply, Create
CO3 Prepare extender pigments and study their properties and applications Apply, Create

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 1 - 2 2 - - - 1 - 2 2
CO2 3 2 - - - 2 1 - 1 - 1 2
CO3 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
Avg 3.0 1.67 1.0 1.67 1.33 1.0 1.0 0.67 1.33 0.33 1.67 2.0
1:Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) If there is no correlation, put “-
”

I.Testing and Evaluation of general properties of pigments and extenders

Texture, colour, Tinting strength, Reducing power, Oil absorption, Daniel flow point, Residue on sieve,
Bulking value / Bulking density, Specific gravity, Moisture content, Water-soluble matter, Bleeding.

II.Preparation of pigments
Lemon chrome, Middle chrome, Scarlet chrome, Zinc chrome, Prussian blue, Yellow oxide of Iron, Red
oxide of Iron, Chrome green.

III.Preparation of Extenders
Calcium carbonate, Barium sulphate, Silica.

References:
1. B.S. Specification No. 33, 44.
2. AOCS Specifications
3. ASTM Specifications