Public Health Laboratory Assistant

PHLA for EFL learners

Teacher : Bouliche.R

Introduction to PHLA : A Public Health Laboratory Assistant (PHLA)

is a vital member of the public health team, working in a laboratory
setting to support disease diagnosis, outbreak monitoring, and public
health initiatives.

Characteristics of a PHLA :
 Accuracy & Attention to Detail: Since their work directly
impacts the accuracy of test results, PHLAs need to be meticulous
and detail-oriented. Following protocols precisely and ensuring
proper labeling of samples is crucial.
 Organization & Time Management: Laboratory workflows can
be fast-paced, requiring PHLAs to be organized and manage their
time efficiently to handle multiple tasks simultaneously.
 Communication Skills: While most communication may be with
senior lab personnel, PHLAs may need to interact with patients or
healthcare providers to collect samples. Clear and concise
communication is essential for providing instructions and ensuring
patient comfort.
 Teamwork: Public health laboratories function best as a team.
PHLAs need to collaborate effectively with other laboratory
personnel, scientists, and healthcare professionals.
  Safety Awareness: The laboratory environment can hold potential
hazards like biological agents, chemicals, and sharps. PHLAs must
be aware of safety protocols and comfortable using Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) like gloves, safety glasses, and lab
coats.
 Learning & Adaptability: The field of public health is constantly
evolving. PHLAs should be open to learning new techniques,
procedures, and staying updated on emerging public health threats.

Roles of PHLAs :

 Specimen Collection & Processing: PHLAs play a crucial role in

collecting various samples from patients or individuals suspected
of having an infectious disease. This includes blood draws, urine
collection, swab samples (throat, nasal, etc.), and stool collection.
They ensure proper labeling, handling, and storage of these
samples to maintain their integrity for accurate testing.
 Laboratory Support: They assist senior laboratory technicians
and scientists with various tasks within the lab. This might involve
preparing reagents (chemicals used in tests), maintaining
laboratory equipment, and performing basic laboratory procedures
under supervision.
 Data Recording & Reporting: PHLAs may be involved in
recording test results and maintaining accurate laboratory records.
In some cases, they might assist with preparing reports for public
health officials.

Laboratory Safety for Public Health Assistants

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  PPE is your first line of defense against hazards. Wear the

appropriate PPE for the task at hand. This might include:

o Lab coat: Protects your clothing from contamination.

o Gloves: Different types exist for various chemicals and

procedures (nitrile, latex).

o Safety glasses (with side shields): Protects your eyes from

splashes and flying debris.

o Face mask/respirator: For specific procedures involving

aerosols or hazardous dusts.

 Learn how to properly put on and remove PPE to avoid

contamination.

General Safety Practices:

 Handwashing is essential! Wash your hands thoroughly with soap

and water:

o Before putting on and after removing gloves.

o After handling any potentially contaminated materials or

equipment.

o Before leaving the laboratory.

  No eating, drinking, applying cosmetics, or using tobacco

products in the lab. Food and drinks can become contaminated,

and smoking can increase your risk of inhaling hazardous fumes.

 Never smell or taste chemicals. Use fume hoods for working with

volatile or odorous chemicals. Waft fumes towards your nose with

your hand, not directly sniffing.

 Handle sharps (needles, blades) with care. Never recap needles

and dispose of them properly in designated sharps containers.

 Be aware of your surroundings. Don't run in the lab and avoid

horseplay. Keep walkways clear and maintain a stable work

posture.

 Know where the safety equipment is located. This includes fire

extinguishers, eyewash stations, and safety showers. Learn how to

use them in case of an emergency.

 Report any spills or accidents immediately to your supervisor or

designated personnel.

Chemical Safety:
  Always read and understand Safety Data Sheets (SDS) before

working with any chemicals. SDS sheets detail the properties,

hazards, and safe handling procedures for specific chemicals.

 Work in a well-ventilated area, especially when using volatile

chemicals. Fume hoods provide additional protection for

procedures with hazardous fumes.

 Label all containers clearly with the chemical name and any

relevant hazard information.

 Never dispose of chemicals down the drain. Follow proper

disposal procedures based on the specific chemical.

 Be aware of flammability hazards. Keep flammable liquids away

from heat sources and open flames.

Additional Tips:

 Long hair should be tied back to avoid entanglement with

equipment.

 Remove dangling jewelry or loose clothing that could get

caught on equipment.

 Inform your supervisor of any allergies or medical conditions

that could be affected by laboratory work.

  Stay alert and focused while working in the lab. Avoid

distractions and multitasking that could lead to errors.

Biological Hazards:

 Infectious Agents: These are the biggest concern in public health

labs. They include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can

cause disease. Proper handling of specimens and adherence to

safety protocols are crucial.

 Sharps: Used needles, blades, and other sharp instruments can

puncture the skin and transmit pathogens. Always handle sharps

with care and dispose of them properly in designated sharps

containers.

Chemical Hazards:

 Toxic Chemicals: Many laboratories use various chemicals that

can be toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Always read Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and wear appropriate PPE

when working with chemicals.

  Flammable and Corrosive Materials: These chemicals pose a

risk of fire, explosion, or burns. Be aware of proper storage and

handling procedures for these materials.

Physical Hazards:

 Electrical Hazards: Faulty equipment or improper use of

electricity can lead to electrical shocks. Ensure equipment is

properly maintained and use caution around electrical outlets and

cords.

 Slips, Trips, and Falls: Wet floors, cluttered walkways, or

improper footwear can increase the risk of slips and falls. Maintain

a clean and organized work area and wear appropriate closed-toe

shoes.

 Ergonomic Hazards: Repetitive tasks or awkward postures can

lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Take breaks to stretch and vary

tasks whenever possible. Report any discomfort to your supervisor.

Additional Hazards:
  Radiation: While not as common in public health labs, some may

use radioactive materials for specific tests. Strict safety protocols

and training are required for handling radioactive materials.

 Compressed Gases: Gas cylinders can pose a risk if not handled

properly. Learn the safe handling procedures for any compressed

gases used in the lab.

Remember: By following established safety protocols, using

appropriate PPE, and maintaining a safety-conscious mindset, PHLAs

can significantly reduce the risk of encountering these hazards in the

laboratory. If you are ever unsure about a procedure or safety protocol,

always ask your supervisor for clarification.

PPE Essentials for Public Health Laboratory Assistants (PHLAs)

1. Lab Coat:

 A lab coat serves as a physical barrier, protecting your clothes

from splashes, spills, and contamination.

 Choose a lab coat made from a breathable yet protective material

like cotton or a cotton blend.

  Ensure the lab coat fits well and covers your arms and torso

adequately. Avoid wearing loose-fitting lab coats that could snag

on equipment.

2. Gloves:

 Gloves are essential for protecting your hands from contact with

infectious agents, chemicals, and sharps.

 Different types of gloves offer varying levels of protection and are

suited for specific tasks:

o Nitrile gloves: A good general-purpose glove offering

protection from a wide range of chemicals and biological

agents.

o Latex gloves: Offer good dexterity and sensitivity but may

cause allergic reactions in some people.

o Butyl gloves: Highly resistant to many solvents and

chemicals, but may be less dexterous than other options.

 Choose the appropriate glove material based on the specific hazard

you are working with.

 Change gloves frequently, especially after handling potentially

contaminated materials or when they become torn or damaged.

3. Safety Glasses (with side shields):

 Safety glasses protect your eyes from splashes, flying debris, and

splashes of chemicals or infectious materials.

 Look for glasses with side shields for additional protection from

hazards entering from the side.

 Ensure the glasses fit comfortably and provide a clear field of

vision.

4. Face Mask/Respirator (depending on procedure):

 Face masks offer some protection from splashes and airborne

droplets.

 Respirators provide a higher level of protection by filtering out

airborne particles, including some infectious agents and hazardous

dusts.

 The type of mask or respirator needed will depend on the specific

procedure being performed and the potential hazards involved.

 Consult with your supervisor for guidance on when to use a face

mask or respirator.
Essential Safety Procedures in the Public Health Laboratory

General Practices:

 Handwashing is paramount! Wash your hands thoroughly with

soap and water:

o Before putting on and after removing gloves.

o After handling any potentially contaminated materials or

equipment.

o Before leaving the laboratory.

 No eating, drinking, applying cosmetics, or using tobacco

products in the lab. Food and drinks can become contaminated,

and smoking increases the risk of inhaling hazardous fumes.

 Never smell or taste chemicals. Use fume hoods for working with

volatile or odorous chemicals. Waft fumes towards your nose with

your hand, not directly sniffing.

 Handle sharps (needles, blades) with extreme care. Never recap

needles and dispose of them properly in designated sharps

containers.
  Be aware of your surroundings. Don't run in the lab and avoid

horseplay. Keep walkways clear and maintain a stable work

posture.

 Know the location of safety equipment. This includes fire

extinguishers, eyewash stations, and safety showers. Learn how to

use them in case of an emergency.

 Report any spills or accidents immediately to your supervisor or

designated personnel.

Working with Chemicals:

 Always read and understand Safety Data Sheets (SDS) before

working with any chemicals. These sheets detail the properties,

hazards, and safe handling procedures for specific chemicals.

 Work in a well-ventilated area, especially when using volatile

chemicals. Fume hoods provide additional protection for

procedures with hazardous fumes.

 Label all containers clearly with the chemical name,

concentration (if applicable), and any relevant hazard information.

 Never dispose of chemicals down the drain. Follow proper

disposal procedures based on the specific chemical.

  Be aware of flammability hazards. Keep flammable liquids away

from heat sources and open flames.

Aseptic Technique:

 This technique minimizes contamination of samples, equipment,

and the environment.

 Key principles include:

o Working in a clean, designated workspace.

o Using sterile equipment and supplies whenever possible.

o Flaming loops or incinerating needles between uses (when

applicable).

o Minimizing exposure of sterile items to the environment.

Best Regards.