Introduction

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that

provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and
measurement may be performed. The title of laboratory is also used for
certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to
those in scientific laboratories. These notably include:

 the film laboratory or darkroom

 the computer lab
 the medical lab
 the clandestine lab for the production of illegal drugs

Scientific laboratories can be found in schools and universities, in industry, in

government or military facilities, and even aboard ships and spacecraft

Lab safety

In some laboratories, the conditions are no more

dangerous than in any other room. In many labs, though, hazards are
present. Laboratory hazards are as varied as the subjects of study in
laboratories, and might include poisons; infectious agents; flammable,
explosive, or radioactive materials; moving machinery; extreme
temperatures; lasers, strong magnetic fields or high voltage. The
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States,
recognizing the unique characteristics of the laboratory workplace, has
tailored a standard for occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in
laboratories. This standard is often referred to as the "Laboratory Standard".
Under this standard, a laboratory is required to produce a Chemical Hygiene
Plan (CHP) which addresses the specific hazards found in its location, and its
approach to them.

In determining the proper Chemical Hygiene Plan for

a particular business or laboratory, it is necessary to understand the
requirements of the standard, evaluation of your current safety, health and
environmental practices and assessment of your hazards. The Chemical
Hygiene Plan must be reviewed annually. Many schools and businesses
employ safety, health and environmental specialists, such as Chemical
Hygiene Officer (CHO) to develop, manage and evaluation their Chemical
Hygiene Plan. Additionally, third party review is also used to provide an
objective "outside view" which provides a fresh look at areas and problems
that may be taken for granted or overlooked due to habit.

Inspections and audits should also be conducted on a

regular basis to assess hazards due to chemical handling and storage,
electrical equipment, biohazards, hazardous waste management,
 Introduction

housekeeping and emergency preparedness, radiation safety, ventilation as

well as respiratory testing and indoor air quality. An important element of
such audits is the review of regulatory compliance and the training of
individuals who have access to and/or work in the laboratory. Training is
critical to the ongoing safe operation of the laboratory facility. Educators,
staff and management must be engaged in working to reduce the likelihood
of accidents, injuries and potential litigation. Efforts are made to ensure
laboratory safety videos are both relevant and engaging.

Chemical hygiene safety plan and links to OSHA regulations on

laboratory safety

OSHA regulations (29 CFR) governing occupational

exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories are linked below.

These regulations require the adoption of a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

for facilities using hazardous chemicals:

"Where hazardous chemicals as defined by this standard are used in

the workplace, the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions
of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is capable of protecting
employees from health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals in
that laboratory and capable of keeping exposures below the limits
specified."

These regulations are currently non-mandatory in

academic institutions. However, most colleges and universities are
implementing Chemical Hygiene Plans. A Chemical Hygiene Plan is written by
the laboratory supervisors and addresses specific hazards in the laboratory
and procedures for managing them.

The Chemical Hygiene Plan for the organic chemistry teaching labs is the
plan outlined on this page, the orgchem chemical hazards page, and in the
Safety section of the Handbook for Organic Chemistry (CU Chem Dept).
 Introduction

Goggles and Eye Safety, Personal Protection Equipment, Special

Health Problems

Goggles/Eye Safety

Employs must wear chemical spill protection safety goggles whenever

anyone in the lab room is handling chemicals. They must be flexible fitting,
hood ventilation goggles, according to ANSI chemical splash standards. The
CU bookstore sells this type of goggle. Past students rated several types of
goggles and found the UVEX goggle (Stealth or Classic) as the most
comfortable.

If employ spill a chemical in their eye:

If employ get any chemical at all in their eye,

immediately begin rinsing it in the eye wash, holding
their eye open. Their TA or another student will come to
assistance and help employ ascertain the seriousness of
the exposure.

ere is an eyewash in each lab room Location of eyewash - note the hand-held pull-out
safety wash just above the eyewash

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

Personal protection equipment in the

teaching laboratory includes safety goggles (discussed above), gloves, and
 Introduction

lab coats and aprons. In industrial situations, Personal Protective Equipment

might include full suits of protective clothing, including boots and a
face/head shield. Respirators are used when handling very toxic chemicals.
If are required to use a respirator, employ will need to be trained in its use.

The OSHA directive on face protection:

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) --1910 Subpart I

Clothing worn to lab is part of employee’s personal protection equipment.

They must be covered from the top of the shoulders to well below the knees.
(A bare middle is right at the edge of the lab bench where it can come into
contact with spilled chemicals.) Their feet must be covered–sandals are not
appropriate in the chemical lab. Very loose fitting garments, such as ties and
wide sleeves, as well as long unrestricted hair pose a hazard and must be
restrained.

Special health problems

If employees are aware that employees have allergies to specific chemicals

or drugs, or to UV light, or if employ have asthma or other health problems,
they may want to consult their doctor before taking organic chemistry lab.
Feel free to discuss any questions employ may have with the Laboratory
Coordinator. And know this:

Employees may not take organic chemistry lab if employees are

pregnant.

Overview of how to handle flammable, volatile, health hazardous,

and corrosive chemicals

One goal of the organic chemistry teaching lab staff

is to teach each student how to safely handle organic chemicals. Not only is
this necessary for employee to have a safe experience in organic lab, it is
useful knowledge for almost any job they have after college, as well as for
handling cleaning solvents and other chemicals in their home. Also read the
Hazards of Chemicals and the Handling of Waste Chemicals sections on this
site:

 Hazards of Chemicals section

 Waste Chemicals Handling

 Introduction

Chemical Hazard Information for a Specific Compound

This information is found on one of many printed or

online sources or on the MSDS. Follow the links below.

 Hazard and physical data for compounds

 Direct link to the organic chemistry MSDS page

General Guide for Handling Chemicals in the Laboratory

Knowing what the hazards are is one thing, and knowing

how to handle chemicals with these hazards is another. The goal of the
following sections is to teach employee how to handle chemicals with the
most common hazards employee will encounter. The chemicals most
frequently used in the CU organic chemistry laboratories are chosen as
examples for each type of hazard.

 Flammable Chemicals (examples: diethyl ether, acetone, hexanes,

ethanol, methanol)

The method for proper handling of these flammable

chemicals depends on their flammability rating, as given by a number 4-0 in
the red area of a NFPA/HMIG label. The NFPA/HMIG rating for diethyl ether
is "4" while acetone, methanol, ethanol, and hexanes are "3". Ether is
extremely flammable and any spark or simply heat can ignite it. The other
four solvents listed here will readily burn, but they are not as likely to
spontaneously combust. (Ether is also quite volatile, and its vapors can
travel quickly away from the immediate work area. This fact increases its
flammability danger.)

Never use ether in a lab that has an open flame

anywhere in the room. Be careful not to spill any flammable solvent
(especially ether) on a heating mantle or hot plate. Keep them away from
electrical outlets.

In case of fire:

o If employees clothing catches fire, immediately

drop to the floor and roll to smother the flames
and call for help.
o If a compound or solvent catches on fire, if
employee can, quickly cover the flames with a
 Introduction

piece of glassware
o If it is feasible, use a fire extinguisher to put the
fire out.
o Do not put water on an organic chemical fire
because it will only spread the fire.
o If the fire is large, do not take chances: evacuate
the lab and the building immediately and tell their
TA or the Coordinator what has happened
o If no one in authority is available, pull the fire
alarm in the hallway
o If no one in authority is available, call a safe
phone.
o If the fire alarm sounds for any reason, leave the
room immediately and exit the building.

 Volatile Chemicals (examples: hexanes, acetone, methylene

chloride, diethyl ether)

Diethyl ether and methylene chloride are the most

volatile of the chemicals that employee will use in the organic chem teaching
labs. If they are accidentally inhaled, they can cause irritation of the
respiratory tract, intoxication, drowsiness, nausea, or even central nervous
system depression. Diethyl ether presents a special problem because it is
not only volatile, it is also extremely flammable.

Student laboratories have been retrofitted with

Plexiglass student hoods. The front of each student hood has a plastic
covering, allowing access to the hood. All of the student hoods - there are 20
in each lab room - are ventilated by the fan located in the main hood. If you
pull the plastic flaps to one side or put them on top of the student hood, this
action will decrease the ventilation efficiency not only of your student hood,
but of the student hoods of each and every other student in the lab room.
Therefore, leave the flaps down whenever possible. The main hood must
also be kept nearly closed as often as possible.
 Introduction

a student hood,
note the flaps on the front face the main hood, note that it is nearly closed

Everyone in the lab must work together to reduce the amount of volatile
chemicals released into the lab room!

If employee inhale vapors:

Leave the area immediately - at least into the hallway.

Tell your TA or the Coordinator; they will take you outside into the fresh air,
and if necessary provide first aid or take you to get medical attention.

Contact Health Hazards of Solvents and Organic Chemicals

(examples: methanol, ethanol, hexanes, acetone, methylene chloride,
diethyl ether)

The health hazard of a chemical is designated by a number

4-0 in the blue area of a NFPA/HMIG label. None of the chemicals employee
will use has a "4" rating; most are 1 or 2. If employee had a one-time
overexposure to the above chemicals, employee might suffer a minor or a
serious injury. If employee protect their self properly by wearing gloves, lab
coat, goggles, and closed-toed shoes, and if employees are careful not to
spill chemicals, employees are not likely to come into contact with these
chemicals. In the past, chemicals have been spilled by students and left
where they were in the lab, especially by the balances. This could cause
serious harm to another student, so be sure to clean up a chemical spill
promptly. Often in the Lab Manual, you will be directed to clamp reaction
flasks and vacuum flasks. The reason for this is two-fold: so that you do not
lose your product and so that you do not spill chemicals.
 Introduction

If employees spill a chemical on their self:

Immediately rinse the affected area with lots of

water. Use soap if employee wish, but never try to "treat" the spill with
another solvent or chemical unless directed to do so by their TA. If the
affected area remains more than slightly red after the rinsing period, seek
medical attention.

Hazards of Corrosives (examples: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,

phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide) . Strong acids and bases are
used frequently in the organic chemistry teaching labs. At full strength, they have a
health rating of "3", meaning that short exposure could cause serious injury. (As
they are diluted, the health rating drops about one number in rating for each 1:10
dilution.) If spilled on their skis, they cause a chemical burn. They are very harmful
to your eyes. If employee breathes in a big whiff of vapors, employee will feel a
burning in their nasal and respiratory passages.

Handle corrosives with great care so as not to spill

them or inhale their vapors. Always wear goggles, gloves, protective
clothing, and shoes. The heavier style of Playtex gloves are recommended
for use when handling corrosives.

If employee spills a corrosive on their self:

Immediately rinse the affected area with lots

of water. Use soap if employee wish, but never try to "treat" the spill with
another solvent or chemical unless directed to do so by their TA. If the
affected area remains more than slightly red after the rinsing period, seek
medical attention.

Waste Chemical Handling

How hazardous chemical waste are collected in

the Organic Chemistry Teaching Labs: rules and how employee can do your
part to reduce the amount of hazardous waste produces.

Glassware Safety

Use common sense when handling glassware.

Keep glassware away from the edge of the bench top. Always clamp your
reaction flask and the suction flask securely to a ring stand to prevent them
from falling over. Check each piece of glassware for hairline or star cracks
before using it. When doing a distillation, clamp each piece of glassware
 Introduction

securely. If employees do break a piece of glassware, do not leave it in the

sink or on the bench top because someone may inadvertently get cut.
Wearing thick gloves use a brush and dustpan to sweep up the broken glass.
Place the broken glassware in one of the "Broken Clean Glassware"
containers located in the labs.

If their reaction requires the use of a heating

mantle or steam bath, glassware or the clamps used to hold glassware can
become hot enough to cause a thermal burn on their skin. Wear heavy
gloves to prevent this. Cuts can be also prevented by wearing thick gloves,
especially while washing glassware. Protect their feet by wearing closed-toed
shoes, not only to protect their feet from dropped glassware, but to protect
them from broken pieces of glass which may be on the floor from a previous
lab section. Always employees wear goggles to protect their eyes from flying
broken glassware.

Equipment and Electrical Safety

If employee’s reaction is heated with a

heating mantle, hot plate, or steam bath, remember that the glassware or
the clamps used to hold glassware can become hot enough to cause a
thermal burn on their skin. Wear heavy gloves to prevent this.

Use electrical equipment (heating

mantles, Variacs, stir motors, hot plates) properly to prevent electrical
shock. Check the cord or plug to make sure that it is not damaged or frayed;
if it is, tell their TA. Always disconnect the plug from the socket by pulling
firmly on the plug: Do not yank it out by the cord! Keep water away from all
electrical equipment.

Electrical cords that are left running across

the floor are a trip hazard. Tripping and falling is especially dangerous in a
chemistry lab, when a student might be carrying a corrosive or flammable
chemical. Always wrap the cords firmly around stir motors, hot plates, and
MelTemps before employee return them to the shelves for storage.

If employee cut or burns their self:

If employee cut their self wash the wound

immediately with large amounts of cool water. If it is your neighbor who has
been hurt, be prepared to help them if they are unable to help themselves.
Apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding as necessary. If the bleeding is
 Introduction

profuse, elevate the affected limb. Watch for evidence of shock and contact
their TA or the Lab Coordinator as necessary. Thermal burns are treated by
covering the affected area with cool water or ice. After a while, you can
apply a pain-relieving cream. If the burn looks like it is more than just a
reddening of the skin, seek medical attention. Personal Protective Equipment
 Introduction

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is special gear

used to protect the wearer from specific hazards of a hazardous substance.
It is a last resort protection system, to be used when substitution or
engineering controls are not feasible. PPE does not reduce or eliminate the
hazard, protects only the wearer, and does not protect anyone else.
 Introduction

SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

Scope of the Work

1. Study of the existing safety measures, procedures and systems

in laboratory.
2. It will help us to know whether any inadequacy is there in
meeting with the statutory standards or any extra preventive and
protective safety measures are needed so that no statutory
violations will arise with regard to safety aspects.
3. Recommendations for changes to improve the effectiveness of
the existing safety programme procedures and systems from the
viewpoint of occupational health and safety.
Objectives

The primary object of safety department is to save lives and to

protect company’s assets and property against any accidents. With this
in view the following goals are set:

The objective of this project work is to find out,

1. Whether Biocon & Syngine industry meets the laboratory

safety measures prescribed by various national standards in
regard with the safety.

2. To study the compatibility of safety measures provided in

Biocon & Syngene industry
 Introduction

SYNGENE PROFILE
Established in 1994, Syngene was India’s first
Custom Research Organization to receive special export status by the
Government of India. Syngene is one Subsidiary Company in Biocon.
November 29, 1978 Biocon’s Founding Day - the start of a biorevolution
in India. Over the years, Biocon has evolved from an enzyme-
manufacturing company into a fully integrated biopharmaceutical
enterprise. Biocon India is incorporated as a joint venture between Biocon
Biochemicals Ltd. of Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran
Mazumdar-Shaw 1979 Biocon is the first Indian company to manufacture
and export enzymes to USA and Europe. It is a pioneer company in its
own rights as was the first one to receive ISO 9001 certification
worldwide in the domain of production of enzymes.

General Information

Biocon Limited is a fully integrated biopharmaceutical company focused on

biopharmaceuticals, custom research and clinical research.

Subsidiary Companies:

Syngene International Limited is a custom research organisation offering

synthetic chemistry and molecular biology services for early stage drug
discovery and development.

Clinigene International Limited is a clinical research organisation offering

Phase I-IV clinical trials and studies for novel/generic molecules to
international pharmaceutical majors.

Biocon Biopharmaceuticals Private Limited (BBPL) began as a joint

venture with CIMAB to develop and market a range of monoclonal antibodies
and cancer vaccines. In March 2010, Biocon acquired CIMAB’s 49% stake
and BBPL became a 100% subsidiary.

AxiCorp GmbH is a Friedrichsdorf (Germany) based pharmaceutical

marketing company and is amongst the fastest growing in Europe. Biocon
Limited acquired a majority stake in AxiCorp GmbH (78%) in February,
2008.
 Introduction

NeoBiocon FZ LLC is a research and marketing pharmaceutical company

based in Abu Dhabi. Incorporated in January 2008, NeoBiocon is a 50:50
joint venture with Dr. B.R.Shetty, Managing Director of NeoPharma, Abu
Dhabi.

Intellectual Profile of 4750+ Personnel

Biocon, Syngene and Clinigene together employee

approximately 4750 qualified personnel - from biologists, chemists, medical
practitioners, pharmacologists, engineers, finance/legal/marketing analysts,
HR generalists to general administrators. 5% of our employees have PhD
degrees, 41% have a master’s degree in science and the remaining are
graduates with a bachelor's degree in science, commerce or arts. 15% of
Biocon employees are women (across the group). The employee attrition last
quarter was 7% and last year it was over 20%. The average age of the
employees is 29 years.

Milestones

- Biocon is India's first biotechnology company, established

  in 1978

- Biocon is the first biotechnology company to receive ISO

  9001 certification in India

- Syngene, a Biocon subsidiary, is India's first custom

  research company in drug discovery

- Biocon is the first Indian company to be approved by

  US FDA for the manufacture of lovastatin, a
  cholesterol-lowering molecule
 Introduction

- Syngene is awarded the Certificate of Excellence for

  Export Achievement by the Government of India, for
  two consecutive years 2002-2003

- Biocon is the first company, globally to manufacture

  human insulin, INSUGEN®, using a Pichia expression
  system, 2004

- Biocon divests its enzymes division to Novozymes, focuses   on

biopharmaceuticals, 2007

- Syngene receives "BioServices Company of the Year",

  BioSpectrum Awards, 2007

- Biocon's BIOMAb EGFR® wins "Product of the Year",

  BioSpectrum Awards, 2007

- Biocon acquires a 78% stake in German pharmaceutical   company,

AxiCorp GmbH for a consideration of €30
  Million, 2008

- Biocon launches a Safety Device in the form of pre-filled   syringes for two
of its life saving products, GCSF (granulocyte-  colony stimulating factor)
and EPO (Erythropoietin) in   collaboration with Safety Syringes Inc. ERYPRO
Safe™ and   NUFIL Safe™ are the first two drugs that will marketed using
this novel device with other inject able products to follow in the   future,
2008

- Biocon and Abraxis Bioscience launch ABRAXANE in India for   treatment of

Breast Cancer, 2008

- Biocon is ranked among the top 20 global biotechnology   companies (Med

Ad News), 2008

- Biocon is the 7th largest biotech employer in the world (Med   Ad News),
2008

- Biocon's Syngene partners with Sapient Discovery to expand   integrated

drug discovery offerings, 2009
 Introduction

- Biocon's Syngene and DuPont Crop Protection Forge Alliance   Partnership,

2009

- Bristol-Myers Squibb and Biocon's Syngene open new R&D   Facility at

Biocon Park, 2009

- Biocon inks partnership with ISB to launch the Biocon Cell for   Innovation
Management, 2009

- Biocon Announces Strategic Collaboration with Mylan to enter   the Global

Generic Biologics Market, 2009

Products

Biopharmaceuticals

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)

- Anti-Diabetic Agents
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Anti-Oxidants
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Anti-Obesity Agents
- Digestive-Aid Enzymes
- Anti-Hypertensive Agents
- Haemostatic Agents
- Hepatoprotective Agents
- Immunosuppressants
- Gastro-Intestinal Agents
- Nutraceuticals

Biological

- Insulin
- Streptokinase
- EPO
- GCSF
- Monoclonal Antibodies
 Introduction

Materials and methods

GENERAL
1. Emergency phone numbers are posted on the laboratory door YES / NO
2. Warning signs are posted on doors YES / NO

3. All personnel know how to obtain MSDS's YES / NO

4. All personnel have received Lab Specific Training YES / NO

5. Lab coats are available. YES / NO

6. Chemical protective gloves are available YES / NO

7. Safety glasses/goggles are available. YES / NO

8. An eyewash fountain is present. YES / NO

9. A body shower is present YES / NO

10. Aisles are uncluttered and without a tripping hazard. YES / NO

11. Non-contaminated sharp objects in labeled, puncture-proof YES / NO

containers.

12. Fume hoods are inspected regularly YES / NO

13. All exit ways are free and unobstructed YES / NO

14. Fire extinguishers are available and unobstructed. YES / NO

15. Current inventory of chemicals is available YES / NO

CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING

1. Gas cylinders are properly secured. YES / NO

2. No leaking containers are present. YES / NO

3. All chemical containers are properly labeled. YES / NO

 Introduction

4. Chemicals are stored according to compatibility. YES / NO

5. Peroxide forming reagents are dated when opened. YES / NO

6. Peroxide forming reagents are disposed of or tested after expiry YES / NO

date.

7. Flammable storage area(s) is labeled. YES / NO

8. Flammables are kept away from sources of heat, ignition, flames, YES / NO
etc.

9. Corrosive chemical storage area(s) is labeled. YES / NO

10. Corrosive materials are stored low to the ground. YES / NO

11. Chemicals in the open are kept to a minimum. YES / NO

CHEMICAL WASTE
YES /
1. Hazardous waste containers are labeled and have NO
closed lids.
2. Laboratory waste is systematically and safely YES /
disposed. NO

From the above table I measured the general safety in Syngene laboratory.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

General safety measures observed in the Syngene laboratory.

GENERAL
1. Emergency phone numbers are posted on the laboratory door YES
2. Warning signs are posted on doors YES
 Introduction

3. All personnel know how to obtain MSDS's YES

4. All personnel have received Lab Specific Training YES

5. Lab coats are available. YES

6. Chemical protective gloves are available YES

7. Safety glasses/goggles are available. YES

8. An eyewash fountain is present. YES

9. A body shower is present YES

10. Aisles are uncluttered and without a tripping hazard. NO

11. Non-contaminated sharp objects in labeled, puncture-proof NO

containers.

12. Fume hoods are inspected regularly YES

13. All exit ways are free and unobstructed YES

14. Fire extinguishers are available and unobstructed. YES

15. Current inventory of chemicals is available YES

CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING

1. Gas cylinders are properly secured. YES

2. No leaking containers are present. YES

3. All chemical containers are properly labeled. YES

4. Chemicals are stored according to compatibility. YES

5. Peroxide forming reagents are dated when opened. YES

6. Peroxide forming reagents are disposed of or tested after expiry YES

date.

7. Flammable storage area(s) is labeled. YES

 Introduction

8. Flammables are kept away from sources of heat, ignition, flames, YES
etc.

9. Corrosive chemical storage area(s) is labeled. YES

10. Corrosive materials are stored low to the ground. NO

11. Chemicals in the open are kept to a minimum. YES

CHEMICAL WASTE
3. Hazardous waste containers are labeled and have YES
closed lids.
4. Laboratory waste is systematically and safely YES
disposed.

 Emergency phone numbers are posted on the laboratory door

-200
 Warning signs are posted on laboratory doors
 All personnel know how to obtain MSDS's: Labels alert people
to the dangers of the product and basic safety precautions. It is
imperative that all containers in laboratories are clearly identified. Any
hazardous material, whether in transit, storage, or use, must be
labeled. A label may be a mark, sign, stamp, device, sticker, ticket,
tag, or wrapper and must be attached to, imprinted, stenciled, or
embossed on the container of the controlled product. There are many
categories of hazards that might be encountered in a laboratory
setting, and situations can change frequently.

 All personnel have received Lab Specific Training: Training and

education provides more detailed instruction on the specific procedures
necessary to carry out work safely. Induction Training is basic
training that provides instruction on classification of controlled
products; include Facility Orientation and safety awareness training,
Basic fire fighting and lab safety training, EHS process SOP, Use of
PPEs, Emergency Response Procedure and Emergency Assembly point.
Induction Training for all Syngene Personnel is provided by
Environmental Health & Safety and is mandatory for all faculty, staff.
 Introduction

Job-specific training refers to instruction in the procedures for the safe

handling and storage each laboratory, and includes spill or leak
remediation; waste disposal; and basic first aid instructions.
Environmental Health & Safety tracks all safety training on campus
and with up-to-date safety training lists for all their personnel, to
request a safety training attendance list.
 Lab coats are available: In syngene laboratory appropriate
protective clothing (e.g., lab coats, aprons.) is required in all
experimental areas where hazardous materials are handled.

Instructions for selection and use of protective laboratory clothing

are as follows:

o select knee-length lab coats with button or snap closures

o Wear a solid-front lab coat or gown with back closures and knitted
cuffs when working with highly toxic or infectious agents.
o wear protective aprons for special procedures such as transferring
large volumes of corrosive material
o remove protective clothing when leaving the laboratory
o remove protective clothing in the event of visible or suspected
contamination

 Chemical protective gloves are available: In the laboratory, gloves

are used for protection from radiation, chemical products, biohazard
material and physical hazards such as abrasion, tearing, puncture and
exposure to temperature extremes.

 Safety glasses/goggles are available: All staff, faculty and visitors

must wear appropriate eye and/or facial protection in the following:

All areas where hazardous materials, or substances of an unknown

nature, are stored, used or handled. All areas where the possibility of
splash, flying objects, moving particles and/or rupture exist. All areas
where there are other eye hazards, e.g. UV or laser light.

 An eyewash fountain is present: Eye wash provide an effective

means of treatment when chemicals come in contact with the eyes.
Should be clearly marked. Should be no more than 15-30 second
away from the work bench. Should be provided with drainage
system
 Introduction

 A body shower is present: Body showers provide an effective

means of treatment in the event that chemicals are spilled or splashed
onto the skin or clothing. Should be clearly marked.
Should be no more than 15-30 second away from the work bench.
Should be provided with drainage system.

 Fume hoods are inspected regularly: Chemical fume hoods are

enclosed units with a sliding sash for opening or closing the hood.
They are able to capture and exhaust even heavy vapors, and are
preferred for All laboratory procedures that require manual handling of
hazardous chemical material.
 Fire extinguishers are available: Laboratory fires can runaway
chemical reactions, electrical heating units, failure of unattended or
defective equipment, or overloaded electrical circuits. Familiarize
yourself with the operation of the fire extinguishers and the location of
pull stations, emergency exits and evacuation routes where you work.
In the event that the general alarm is sounded use the evacuation
routes established for your area and follow the instructions of the
Evacuation Monitors. Once outside of the building, move away from
the doors to enable others to exit.
 All chemical containers are properly labeled: Any hazardous
material, whether in transit, storage, or use, must be labeled. A label
may be a mark, sign, stamp, device, sticker, ticket, tag, or wrapper
and must be attached to, imprinted, stenciled, or embossed on the
container of the controlled product.
 Hazardous waste containers are labeled and have closed lids.
 Laboratory waste is systematically and safely disposed.
Classes of waste should be properly labeled. Large quantities of
flammable wastes should never be accumulated in a closed,
unventilated room. Separate the waste materials and dispose them
into the respective waste pins. Unless the waste materials were not
separated and disposed in their respective Pins, the casuals won’t
collect the waste materials for disposal. Overfilled and/or leaking
containers cannot be accepted for disposal. Disposal of laboratory
waste can be achieved by techniques involving dilution, neutralization.
 Introduction

CONCLUSION

Safety is important in any work place. Laboratory safety is

very important to reduce chances of accident. In laboratories where
dangerous conditions might exist, safety precautions are important. Rules
exist to minimize the individual's risk, and safety equipment is used to
protect the lab user from injury or to assist in responding to an emergency.
Laboratory workers are exposed to new chemicals as they research new
products and synthesis routes. Every laboratory uses variety of chemicals in
small quantities resulting in presence of incompatible chemicals in close
proximity. Laboratory coworkers may be working on different products.
Therefore, they may not be aware of dangers from each other’s
experiments.

Training and education provides more detailed instruction

on the specific procedures necessary to carry out work safely & using about
personal protective equipment. From using personal protective equipment
lab users are avoid dangers in laboratory. Fire extinguisher is very important
 Introduction

to control accident. All employees are educated about fire and handling the
fire extinguisher.

In Syngene laboratory almost all employees are used

personal protective equipment. The employees are well educated about
safety.

Recommendation

1. Cable duct from SMS towards Forge Plant and HTS, shall be provided with EMERGENCY EXIT
at strategic location to be used in fires to meet Rule 71 of “The Factories Act, 1948” and Rule
71 of “The Karnataka Factories Rules, 1969”.
2. Cable tunnels should be necessarily equipped with proper fire protection. Probably with
heat or smoke detection system along with portable CO 2 and DCP extinguishers or
automatic sprinkler or CO2 total flooding system approved by any fire association or fire
insurance company as per Rules 77 (2) and (7) of The Karnataka Factories Rules, 1969.
3. Fire service department should impart training programme to be useful in fire emergencies
on shop floors atleast once in three months to ensure employees, the means of escape as
per Rule 71(2) of “The Factories Act, 1948”.
4. Provisions shall be made for separate water supply system having atleast 50,000 litres of
capacity as per Rule 77 (6) of “The Karnataka Factories Rules, 1969”.

Laboratory safety check list for Safety Improvement

Well organized and carefully maintained premises are safer from lab accident.
This check list will help managements and their lab safety staff to assess their standard of
housekeeping.
“If the answer to any question is "NO" action should be taken to put matters right”.
GENERAL
1. Emergency phone numbers are posted on the laboratory door
 Introduction

2. Warning signs are posted on doors

3. All personnel know how to obtain MSDS's
4. All personnel have received Lab Specific Training
5. Lab coats are available.
6. Chemical protective gloves are available
7. Safety glasses/goggles are available.
8. An eyewash fountain is present.
9. A body shower is present
10. Aisles are uncluttered and without a tripping hazard.
11. Non-contaminated sharp objects in labeled, puncture-proof containers.
12. Fume hoods are inspected regularly
13. All exit ways are free and unobstructed
14. Fire extinguishers are available and unobstructed.
15. Current inventory of chemicals is available
o
CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING

No leaking containers are present.

Gas cylinders are properly secured.
All chemical containers are properly labeled.
Chemicals are stored according to compatibility.
Peroxide forming reagents are dated when opened.
Peroxide forming reagents are disposed of or tested after expiry date.
Flammable storage area(s) is labeled.
Flammables are kept away from sources of heat, ignition, flames, etc.
Corrosive chemical storage area(s) is labeled.
Corrosive materials are stored low to the ground.
Chemicals in the open are kept to a minimum.

CHEMICAL WASTE
Hazardous waste containers are labeled and have closed lids.
Laboratory waste is systematically and safely disposed

References
 Introduction

Anonyms (2004). Notification, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department of

Industrial Policy and Promotion).The Gazette of India PART II-Section 3-Sub-section (i)

New Delhi,

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