Chapter -3 Motion in a Straight Line

MCQ question

1. A boy starts from a point A, travels to a point B at a distance of 3 km from A and

returns to A. If he takes two hours to do so, his speed is:

(a) 3 km/h (b) zero (c) 2 km/h (d) 1.5 km/h

2. A boy starts from a point A, travels to a point B at a distance of 1.5 km and returns
to A. If he takes one hour to do so, his average velocity is:

(a) 3 km/h (b) zero (c) 1.5 km/h (d) 2 km/h

3. Which one of the following is the unit of velocity?

(a) kilogram (b) metre (c) m/s (d) second

4. A body starts from rest and travels for a second with uniform acceleration of 2 m/s².
If the displacement made by it is 16 m, the time of travel t is:

(a) 4 s (b) 3 s (c) 6 s (d) 8 s.

5. A body starts from rest and travels with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. After t seconds its
velocity is 10 m/s .Then t is:

(a) 10 s (b) 5 s (c) 20 s (d) 6 s

6. A body starts from rest. If it travels with an acceleration of 2 m/s², its displacement at
the end of 3 seconds is:

(a) 9 m (b) 12 m (c) 16 m (d) 10 m

7. A body starts from rest and travels with uniform acceleration of 2 m/s². If its velocity
is v after making a displacement of 9 m, then v is:

(a) 8 m/s (b) 6 m/s (c) 10 m/s (d) 4 m/s

8. A body starts from rest and travels for five seconds to make a displacement of 25 m if
it has travelled the distance with uniform acceleration a then a is:

(a) 3 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (c) 2 m/s2 (d) 1 m/s2.

9. A body is moving along a straight line path with constant velocity. At an instant of
time the distance travelled by it is S and its displacement is D, then.

(a) D = S (b) D > S (c) D < S (d) None of these

10. The location of a particle has changed. What can we say about the displacement and
the distance covered by the particle?

(a) Neither can be zero (b) One may be zero (c) Both may be zero (d) One is +ve, other is
–ve.

11. The displacement of a body is zero. The distance covered:

(a) may or may not be zero (b) is not zero (c) is zero (d) depending upon the
acceleration.

Short Answer questions

1. What is the shape of the displacement time graph for uniform linear motion?

2. If position of a particle at instant t is given by x = t3 then find acceleration of the

particle.

3. What does the slope of the position-time graph represent? What do you mean by
relative velocity?

4. A 450 m long is going from Jammu railway station to Kanyakumari Railway station.
Can we consider a railway train as a point object?

5. Can the speed of an object be negative? Justify the statement.

6. Is it possible that the displacement of a moving particle is zero but not the distance?
Explain.

7. Ram went from home to school 7.0 km away. On finding his home closed he returned
to his home immediately. What is net displacement? What is the total distance covered
by him?

8. Sketch the velocity-time graph of uniform motion of a body and non-uniform motion
of a body.
 Long Answer Question

1. A car moving along a straight highway with a speed of 126 km h–1 is brought to a stop
within a distance of 200 m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed uniform), and
how long does it take for the car to stop?

2. A jet airplane travelling at the speed of 500 km h–1 ejects its products of combustion
at the speed of 1500 km h–1 relative to the jet plane. What is the speed of the latter with
respect to an observer on ground?

3. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward,
followed again by 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m
long and requires 1 s. Plot the x-t graph of his motion. Determine graphically and
otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall in a pit 13 m away from the start.

4. A woman starts from her home at 9.00 am, walks with a speed of 5 km h–1 on a
straight road up to her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office until 5.00 pm, and returns
home by an auto with a speed of 25 km h–1. Choose suitable scales and plot the x-t graph
of her motion.

Case Based Question

Q.1. In the absence of air resistance, all bodies falls with same acceleration near the
surface of the earth. This motion of a body falling towards the earth from a small height
is called free fall. The acceleration with which a body falls is called acceleration due to
gravity and it is denoted by g.

(i) For a freely falling body, which of the following equations is incorrect?

(a) h-ut =(1/2) gt2 (b) v2 – u2 =2gh (c ) h = (1/2) ut +gt2 (d) (v-u)/g = t

(ii) The maximum height attained by a body thrown vertically upward with initial
velocity u is

(a) h=u2 /2g (b) h=u/2g (c ) h=u2 /g (d) h= 2u2 /g

(iii) The time of ascent of a body thrown vertically upward with initial velocity u is:
(a) t= u/2g (b) t= u/g (c) t= u2 /g (d) t= u/g2

(iv) The total time of flight to come back to the point of projection of a body thrown
vertically upward with initial velocity u is (a) t= 2u/3g (b) t= u/2g (c ) t= 2u/g (d) t= u2
/2g

(v) Velocity of fall at the point of projection of a body thrown vertically upward with
initial velocity u is (a) v = u (b) v = 2u (c ) v = 3u (d) v = 4u

Chapter -4 Motion in a Plane

MCQ question:

Ques.1. The angular velocity depends upon the rate of change of the?

(a) Angular acceleration (b) Angular Distance (c) Angular Displacement (d)
torque

Ques.2. A small body attached at the end of an inextensible string completes a

vertical circle, then its :

(a) angular momentum remains constant (b) linear momentum remains constant

(c) angular velocity remains constant (d) total mechanical energy remains constant

Ques.3. A body is travelling in a circle at a constant speed. It :

(a) has a constant velocity (b) is not accelerated

(c) has an inward radial acceleration (d) has an outward radial acceleration

Ques.4. When a body P moves on a circular path, the centripetal acceleration is:

(a) directed inwards from P, to the centre of the circle

(b) directed tangential to the circumference of the circle, at P

(c) directed perpendicular to the planet of the circle, at P

(d) directed outward, perpendicular to the circumference of the circle

Ques.5. The path followed by a projectile is called its?

(a) Territory (b) Treasury (c) Tractor (d) Trajectory

Ques.6. One radian is defined to be the angle subtended where the arc length S is
exactly equal to the?

(a) radius of the circle (b) diameter of the circle

(c) circumference of the circle (d) half of radius of the circle

Ques.7. A car sometimes overturns while taking a turn. When it overturns, it is:

(a) the inner wheel which leaves the ground first

(b) either inner wheel or the outer wheel leaves the ground

(c) both the wheel leave the ground simultaneously

(d) the outer wheel which leaves the ground first

Ques.8. The centripetal component of acceleration arises when?

(a) The direction of motion is changed

(b) The direction propagation is changed

(c) The direction of gravity is changed

(d) The direction of projectile is changed

Answer : (a) The direction of motion is changed

Ques.9. The word centripetal is derived from two Greek words meaning?

(a) Seeking the situation

(b) Seeking the centre

(c) Touching the centre

(d) Leaving the centre

 Ques.10. A body is moving along a circle with an increasing speed. It possesses?

(a) centripetal acceleration only (ac)

(b) tangential acceleration only (ar)

(c) both tangential and centripetal acceleration (ar and ac)

(d) No acceleration

Very Short Answer Questions

Ques.11. Under what condition |a + b| = |a| + |b| holds good?

Ques.12.The sum and difference of the two vectors are equal in magnitude, i. e. |a + b|
= |a – b|. What conclusion do you draw from this?

Ques.13. What is the minimum number of coplanar vectors of different magnitudes

which can give zero resultant?

Ques.14. When a – b = a + b condition holds well, then what can you say about b?

Ques.15. What is the effect on the dimensions of a vector if it is multiplied by a

non-dimensional scalar?

Ques.16. Is finite rotation a vector quantity? Why?

Ques.17. Is infinitesimally small rotation a vector quantity? Why?

Ques.18. A quantity has both magnitude and direction. Is it necessarily a vector?

Why? Give an example.

Long answer question:

Ques.19. A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is whirled in a horizontal

circle with a constant speed. If the stone makes 14 revolutions in 25 s, what is the
magnitude and direction of acceleration of the stone?

Ques.20. The ceiling of a long hall is 25 m high. What is the

maximum horizontal distance that a ball thrown with a speed of 40
m s −1 can go without hitting the ceiling of the hall?

Ques.21. Derive an equation for the path of a projectile fired parallel to horizontal.
 Ques.22. a) Define time of flight and horizontal range.

b) From a certain height above the ground stone A is dropped gently. Simultaneously
another stone B is fired horizontally. Which of the stones between them will hit the
ground earlier?

Cased Based question

Ques.23. Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an object or particle is

thrown with some initial velocity near the earth’s surface and it moves along a
curved path under the action of gravity alone. The path followed by a projectile is
called its trajectory, which is shown below. When a projectile is projected obliquely,
then its trajectory is as shown in the figure below.

Here velocity u is resolved into two components, we get (a) u cosθ along OX and (b) u
sinθ along OY .

(i) The example of such type of motion is

(a) motion of car on a banked road
(b) motion of boat in sea
(c) a javelin thrown by an athlete
(d) motion of ball thrown vertically upward

(ii) The acceleration of the object in horizontal direction is

(a) constant
(b) decreasing
(c) increasing
(d) zero

(iii) The vertical component of velocity at point H is

(a) maximum
(b) zero
(c) double to that at O
(d) equal to horizontal component

(iv) A cricket ball is thrown at a speed of 28 m/s in a direction 30° with the horizontal.
The time taken by the ball to return to the same level will be
(a) 2.0 s
(b) 3.0 s
 (c) 4.0 s
(d) 2.9 s

(v) In above case, the distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to
the same level will be
(a) 39 m
(b) 69 m
(c) 68 m
(d) 72m

Chapter:- 10

Mechanical Properties Of Fluids

Q 1. Multiple choice questions:

1. Plants get water through the roots because of:

(a) Capillarity

(b) Viscosity

(c) Gravity

(d) Elasticity

Ans. (a) Capillarity

2. Liquid pressure depends upon:

(a) height of the liquid column

(b) directions

(c) shape of the liquid surface

(d) area of the liquid surface

Ans. (a) height of the liquid column

3. Hydraulic lifts and hydraulic brakes are based on:

 (a) Pascal’s law

(b) Bernoulli’s principle

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) Stoke’s law

Ans (a) Pascal’s law

4. According to Archimedes’ principle, loss of weight of a body immersed in a

liquid is equal to:

(a) weight of the liquid displaced.

(b) weight of the total liquid.

(c) weight of the body.

(d) None of these.

Ans. (a) weight of the liquid displaced

5. The pressure at the bottom of a tank containing a liquid does not depend on:

(a) area of the bottom surface.

(b) nature of the liquid.

(c) height of the liquid column.

(d) acceleration due to gravity.

Ans. (a) area of the bottom surface.

6. Specific gravity of a body is numerically equal to:

(a) relative density of the body.

(b) density of body in water.

(c) weight of the body in water.

(d) weight of the body in air.

Ans. (a) relative density of the body.

7. A block of ice floats on a liquid of density 1.2 in a beaker then level of liquid
when ice completely melt:

(a) rises

(b) remains same

(c) lowers

(d) None of these

Ans. (a) rises

8. The surface of water in contact with glass wall is:

(a) Plane

(b) concave

(c) convex

(d) Both b and c

Ans (b) concave

9. If the surface of a liquid is plane, then the angle of contact of the liquid with the
walls of container is:

(a) Acute angle

(b) Obtuse angle

(c) 90°

(d) 0°

Ans. (d) 0°

10. When the angle of contact between a solid and a liquid is 90°, then

(a) Cohesive force > Adhesive force

(b) Cohesive force < Adhesive force

(c) Cohesive force = Adhesive force

(d) Cohesive force >> Adhesive force

 Ans. (c) Cohesive force = Adhesive force

Q 2. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

1. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum mass of

3000 kg. The area of the cross-section of the piston carrying the load is 425
cm2. What maximum pressure would the smaller piston have to bear?

2. Can Bernoulli’s equation be used to describe the flow of water through a

rapid in a river? Explain.

3. A U-shaped wire is dipped in a soap solution and removed. The thin soap film
formed between the wire and the light slider supports a weight of 1.5 × 10–2
N (which includes the small weight of the slider). The length of the slider is 30
cm. What is the surface tension of the film?

4. During a blood transfusion, the needle is inserted in a vein where the gauge
pressure is 2000 Pa. At what height must the blood container be placed so
that blood may just enter the vein? [Use the density of whole blood = 1.06 ×
10³ kg/m³]

5. What is Pascal’s Law?

6. What is head loss in Bernoulli’s equation?

Q 3. Assertion and Reason questions:Directions:

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation
of the assertion.

(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation
of the assertion.

(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.

(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.

1. Assertion : A needle placed carefully on the surface of water may float, whereas
a ball of the same material will always sink.

Reason : The buoyancy of an object depends both on the material and shape
of the object.
 2. Assertion : The impurities always decrease the surface tension of a liquid.

Reason : The change in surface tension of the liquid do not depend upon the
degree of contamination of the impurity.

3. Assertion : The concept of surface tension is held only for liquids.

Reason : Surface tension does not hold for gases.

3. Assertion : The shape of a liquid drop is spherical.

Reason : The pressure inside the drop is greater than that of outside.

4. Assertion :when fluid flows, there is some loss of energy due to friction.

Reason : Different layers of the fluid exert forces on each other.

5. Assertion: Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to

every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel.

Reason: Fluids cannot distribute the external pressure equally to all portions.

6. Assertion :The viscosity of water is less than blood.

Reason :The viscosity of liquids decreases with increase in temperature.

Q 4. Long Answer type Questions:

1. A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury
columns in the two arms are in level with 10.0 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of
spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity of spirit?

Ans. The given system of water, mercury, and methylated spirit is shown as follows:
Height of the spirit column, h1 = 12.5 cm = 0.125 m
Height of the water column, h2 = 10 cm = 0.1 m
P0 = Atmospheric pressure
ρ1 = Density of spirit
ρ2 = Density of water
Pressure at point B = P0+ h1ρ1g Pressure at point D = P0+ h2ρ2g
Pressure at points B
and D is the same.
Therefore, the specific gravity of spirit is 0.8.
2. Explain Archimedes’ Principle.
Ans. This is another important rule in the study of the mechanical properties of fluids. It
states that when a body is partially or fully dipped in a fluid, the fluid exerts a
contact force on the body which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
This force is known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically against the weight of
the body through the centre of gravity of the displaced liquid, known as the centre of
buoyancy.
Formula:-
 3. Derive Bernoulli's theorem and write limitations of Bernoulli's theorem.
Ans.
Consider a slight viscosity liquid flowing with laminar flow, then the whole potential,
kinetic, and pressure energy will be constant. The diagram of Bernoulli’s theorem is
shown below
Consider the ideal fluid of density ‘ρ’ moving throughout the pipe LM by changing
cross-section.
Let the pressures at the ends of L&M are P1, P2 & the cross-section areas at L&M
ends are A1, A2.
Allow the liquid to enter with V1 velocity & leaves with V2 velocity.
Let A1>A2
From the continuity equation
A1V1=A2V2
Let A1 is above A2 (A1>A2), then V2>V1 and P2>P1

The mass of liquid entering at the end of ‘L’ in ‘t’ time, then the distance covered
by the fluid is v1t.
Thus, the work done through force over the fluid end ‘L’ end within’ time can be
derived as
W1= force x displacement = P1A1v1t
When same mass ‘m’ goes away from the end of ‘M’ in time ‘t’, then the fluid covers
the distance through v2t
Thus, work done through fluid against the pressure because of ‘P1’ pressure can be
derived by
W2=P2A2v2t
Network done through force over the fluid in ‘t’ time is given as
W = W1-W2
= P1A1v1t- P2A2v2t
This work can be done on the fluid by force then it increases its potential & kinetic
energy.
When kinetic energy increase in fluid is
Δk = 1/2m(v22-v12)
Similarly, when potential energy increases in the fluid is
Δp = mg (h2-h1)
Based on the relation of work-energy
P1A1v1t- P2A2v2t
= 1/2m(v22-v12) – mg (h2-h1)
If there is no liquid sink and source, then the fluid mass entering at ‘L’ end is equivalent
to the fluid mass leaving from the pipe at the end of ‘M’ can be derived like the
following.
A1v1 ρ t = A2v2 ρt = m
A1v1t = A2v2t = m/ρ
Substitute this value in the above equation like P1A1v1t- P2A2v2t
P1 m/ ρ – P2 m/ ρ
1/2m(v22-v12) – mg (h2-h1)
i.e, P/ ρ + gh + 1/2v2 = constant

Limitations of Bernoulli's theorem are:

1. The fluid particle velocity in the middle of a tube is utmost and reduces slowly in the
direction of the tube because of friction. As a result, simply the liquid’s mean velocity must
be in use due to the particles of the liquid velocity is not consistent.
2. This equation is applicable to streamline the supply of a liquid. It is not suitable for
turbulent or non-steady flow.
3. The external force of the liquid will affect the liquid flow.
4. This theorem preferably applies to non-viscosity fluids
5. Fluid must be incompressible
6. If the fluid is moving in a curved lane, then the energy because of centrifugal forces must
be considered.
7. The flow of liquid should not change with respect to time.
8. In unstable flow, a little kinetic energy can be changed into heat energy & in a thick flow;
some energy can be vanished because of shear force. Thus these losses must be ignored.
9. The effect of viscous must be negligible.