10 Steps in Research Process

10 Steps in the Research Process
Research process contains a series of closely related activities which has to carry out by a
researcher. Research process requires patients. There is no measure that shows your research is
the best. It is an art rather than a science. Following are the main steps in social or business
research process.
Selection of Research Problem

Extensive Literature Survey
Making Hypothesis
Preparing the Research Design
Sampling
Data collection
Data Analysis
Hypothesis Testing
Generalization and Interpretation
Preparation of Report
Selection of Research Problem

The selection of topic for research is a difficult job. When we select a title or research statement,
then other activities would be easy to perform. So, for the understanding thoroughly the problem
it must have to discuss with colleagues, friend, experts and teachers. The research topic or
problem should be practical, relatively important, feasible, ethically and politically acceptable.
Literature Review or Extensive Literature Survey

After the selection of research problem, the second step is that of literature mostly connected
with the topics. The availability of the literature may bring ease in the research. For this purpose
academic journals, conference and govt. reports and library must be studied.
Making Hypothesis
The development of hypothesis is a technical work depends on the researcher experience. The
hypothesis is to draw the positive & negative cause and effect aspects of a problem. Hypothesis
narrows down the area of a research and keep a researcher on the right path.
Preparing the Research Design

After the formulation of the problem and creating hypothesis for it, research Design is to prepare
by the researcher. It may draw the conceptual structure of the problem. Any type of research
design may be made, depend on the nature and purpose of the study. Design the information
about sources, skill, time and finance is taken into consideration.
Sampling
The researcher must design a sample. It is a plan for taking its respondents from a specific areas
or universe. The sample may be of two types:
Probability Sampling
Non-probability Sampling
Data collection
Data collection is the most important work, is researcher. The collection of information must be
containing on facts which is from the following two types of researcher.
Primary Data Collection: Primary data may be from the following.
Experiment
Questionnaire
Observation
Interview
Secondary data collection: it has the following categories:
Review of literature
Official and non-official reports
Library approach
Data Analysis
When data is collected, it is forwarded for analysis which is the most technical job. Data analysis
may be divided into two main categories.
Data Processing: it is sub-divided into the following.

Data editing, Data coding, Data classification, Data tabulation, Data presentation, Data
measurement
Data Exposition: Data Exposition has the following sub-categories.
Description, Explanation, Narration, Conclusion/Findings, Recommendations/Suggestions
Hypothesis Testing
Research data is then forwarded to test the hypothesis. Do the hypothesis are related to the facts
or not? To find the answer the process of testing hypothesis is undertaken which may result in
accepting or rejecting the hypothesis.
Generalization and Interpretation
The acceptable hypothesis is possible for researcher to arrival at the process of generalization or
to make & theory. Some types of research has no hypothesis for which researcher depends upon
on theory which is known as interpretation.
Preparation of Report
A researcher should prepare a report for which he has done is his work. He must keep in his
mind the following points:
Report Design in Primary Stages
The report should carry a title, brief introduction of the problem and background followed by
acknowledgement. There should be a table of contents, graphs and charts.
Main Text of the Report
It should contain objectives, hypothesis, explanations and methodology of the research. It must
be divided into chapters and every chapter explains separate title in which summary of the
findings should be enlisted. The last section would be clearly of conclusions to show the main
theme of the R-study.
Closing the Report
After the preparation of report, the last step in business research process contains of
bibliography, references, appendices, index and maps or charts for illustration. For this purpose
the information should more clearer.

10 Steps in Research Process

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10 Steps in the Research Process

Selection of Research Problem

Selection of Research Problem

Literature Review or Extensive Literature Survey

Preparing the Research Design

Data Processing: it is sub-divided into the following.

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