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    CH 2 Constitutional Design

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    Bhavya Angurana
    The document discusses apartheid in South Africa and how the country transitioned to a democratic system with a new constitution. It describes how apartheid oppressed blacks and was led by the African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was freed and became president as apartheid ended. South Africans worked to create a new constitution that guaranteed rights and reconciliation between races.

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    CH 2 Constitutional Design

    Uploaded by

    Bhavya Angurana
    7 views2 pages
    The document discusses apartheid in South Africa and how the country transitioned to a democratic system with a new constitution. It describes how apartheid oppressed blacks and was led by the African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was freed and became president as apartheid ended. South Africans worked to create a new constitution that guaranteed rights and reconciliation between races.

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    CH_2_CONSTITUTIONAL_DESIGN

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    The document discusses apartheid in South Africa and how the country transitioned to a democratic system with a new constitution. It describes how apartheid oppressed blacks and was led by the African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was freed and became president as apartheid ended. South Africans worked to create a new constitution that guaranteed rights and reconciliation between races.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    7 views2 pages

    CH 2 Constitutional Design

    Uploaded by

    Bhavya Angurana
    The document discusses apartheid in South Africa and how the country transitioned to a democratic system with a new constitution. It describes how apartheid oppressed blacks and was led by the African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was freed and became president as apartheid ended. South Africans worked to create a new constitution that guaranteed rights and reconciliation between races.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Class-IX

    Political Science
    Ch-2 Constitutional Design

    Q1. What is Apartheid?


    It was the official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the
    government of South Africa between 1948 and 1989.

    Q2. How was the apartheid oppressive for blacks?


    The apartheid system was oppressive for the blacks:
    1. They were forbidden from living in white areas.
    2. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.
    3. Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls,
    theatres, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets, were all separate for the whites and
    blacks. This was called segregation.
    4. They could not even visit the churches where the whites worshipped.
    5. Blacks could not form associations or protest against the terrible treatment.

    Q3. Name the umbrella organization that led the struggle against the policies of
    segregation in South Africa. How was apartheid opposed?
    1. The African National Congress (ANC) was the umbrella organization (an association
    of (often related, industry-specific) institutions, who work together formally to
    coordinate activities or pool resources) that led the struggle against the policies of
    segregation.
    2. The organizations that opposed apartheid included many workers’ unions and the
    Communist Party.
    3. Many sensitive whites also joined the ANC to oppose apartheid and played a leading
    role in this struggle. Several countries declared apartheid as unjust and racist.

    Q4. How did apartheid came to an end?


    End of Apartheid in South Africa:

    1. As protests and struggles against apartheid had increased, the government could no longer
    keep the blacks under their rule.
    2. Discriminatory laws were repealed. Ban on political parties and restrictions on the media
    were lifted.
    2. After 28 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela walked out of the jail as a free man. At the
    midnight of 26 April 1994, the new national flag of the Republic of South Africa was
    unfurled marking the newly born democracy in the world.
    3. The apartheid government came to an end, making way for the formation of a multi-racial
    government. Mandela became the first president of new South Africa.

    Q5. How did South Africans make a democratic constitution?

    1. After the emergence of the new democratic South Africa, black leaders appealed to fellow
    blacks to forgive the whites for their atrocities (cruel act).
    2. They build a new South Africa based on equality of all races, social justice and human rights.
    3. After two years of discussion and debate they came out with one of the finest constitutions
    the world. This constitution gave the most extensive rights to its citizens.
    4. The South African constitution inspires democrats all over the world. It is now seen as a
    model of democracy.

    Q6. Why do South Africans need a constitution?

    1. The oppressor and the oppressed were planning to live together as equals in the new
    democracy.
    2. They wanted social and economic rights. The white minority was keen to protect its
    privileges and property.
    3. The whites agreed to the principle of majority rule and that of one person one vote. The
    blacks agreed that the majority would not take away the property of the white minority.
    4. The only way to build and maintain trust is to write down some rules of the country that
    everyone would abide by. These rules also determine what the elected governments are
    empowered to do and what they cannot do.
    5. They agreed on some basic rules which will be supreme, that no government will be able
    to ignore these. This set of basic rules is called a constitution.

    Q7. What is a Constitution?


    1. A constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all the people
    living in a country.
    2. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship between the people
    living in a territory and the relationship between the citizens and the government.

    Q8. Why do we need a Constitution?


    We need a constitution because:-
    1. It generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kind of
    people to live together.
    2. It specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have power to take
    which decisions.
    3. It lays down limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the rights of the
    citizens are.
    4. It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.

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