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Lambda Functions

Lambda expressions are like inline functions that directly return the result of an expression. This document discusses lambda expressions and how to use map(), filter(), and reduce() functions with lambda expressions, including examples and explanations of their syntax and usage.

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shubhamcollege11
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6 views

Lambda Functions

Lambda expressions are like inline functions that directly return the result of an expression. This document discusses lambda expressions and how to use map(), filter(), and reduce() functions with lambda expressions, including examples and explanations of their syntax and usage.

Uploaded by

shubhamcollege11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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lambda expression:

-------------------
* This lambda expressions is like "inline functions" of
C++.
* The lambda expressions are ultimately functions that
directly returns the result of expression.
* General syntax is:
expression_name = lambda para_list : expression
* If we print type of lambda expression, then it will
be "function".

For example:
-------------
add = lambda a,b:a+b
get_square = lambda n:n*n
print("Type of add is :", type(add))
print("Type of get_square is :", type(get_square))

The output will be:


--------------------
Type of add is : <class 'function'>
Type of get_square is : <class 'function'>

* To use lambda expression, simply use it like a


function call.
* Call it with parameters.

For example:
--------------
add = lambda a,b:a+b
get_square = lambda n:n*n

a1 = add(10,20)
a2 = add(5.2, 6.5)
a3 = add(10, 2.5)
print(a1)
print(a2)
print(a3)

s1 = get_square(8)
s2 = get_square(2.65)
print(s1)
print(s2)

The output will be:


--------------------
30
11.7
12.5

64
7.0225

==================================================

map():
* This function maps/directs/links the elements of
specified sequence (second parameter) to specified
function/lambda (first parameter)
* The result of map() is a sequence.

For example:
-------------
get_square = lambda n:n*n
ls = list(range(1,11))
ls2 = list(map(get_square, ls))
# maps elements of 'ls' with "get_square"
print(ls)
print(ls2)

The output will be:


--------------------
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

* Refer following another example.


Example-2:
-----------
get_ascii = lambda ch : ord(ch)
ls = list(map(get_ascii, "Vishal"))
print(ls)

The output will be:


---------------------
[86, 105, 115, 104, 97, 108]

* In map(), strictly remember that, we have to pass


individual sequences for each parameter of that
function/lambda expression.

For example:
-------------
add = lambda a,b: a+b
ls1 = range(1,11)
ls2 = range(10,101,10)
a1 = list(map(add, ls1, ls2))
print(a1)

The output will be:


---------------------
[11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110]

* In above add(), there are two parameters.


* Therefore we passed two sequences.

==================================================

filter():
* This function filters the values/elements of
specified sequence for which result/condtion was TRUE.
* This function also requires two parameters:
- first is function name or lambda expression
- second is sequence.
* This function also returns a sequence.

For example:
-------------
get_evens = lambda n : n%2==0
ls = range(1,11)
a1 = list(filter(get_evens, ls))
print(a1)

The output will be:


--------------------
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

* Above lambda expression can also be written as:


get_evens = lambda n : True if n%2==0 else False

* In above examle, for 2,4,6,8, and 10; the result


of expression was TRUE. Therefore these passed values/
elements are collected.

===============================================

reduce():
* This function is present in module "functools".
* This function maps elements of specified sequence
with specified function.
* The result of this function will be single value.

For example:
-------------
from functools import reduce
add = lambda a,b : a+b
ls = range(1,11)
a1 = reduce(add, ls)
print(a1)

The output will be:


--------------------
55

* Internally reduce() function iterpretes as :


a = a + b

Example-2:
-----------
from functools import reduce
get_large = lambda a,b : a if a>b else b
ls = [21, 66, 84, 85, 30, 5, 61, 72]
a1 = reduce(get_large, ls)
print(a1)

The output will be:


---------------------
85

=================================================

1) lambda expression should be preferred for abvoe


3 functions. Because it will save execution time
that spends in control transfer.
2) result of map() and filter() is a sequence.
3) result of reduce() is a single value.
4) in all above examples, we can also define regular
function with parameter instead of lambda expression.
5) The reduce() and filter() allows only single sequence
as parameter.
6) In map() the numbers of seuqnces depends on numbers
of parameters of functionlambda expression.

===================================================

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