GRAMMAR

1, Past simple tense ( thì quá khứ đơn)

Quá khứ đơn được dùng để mô tả những sự kiện đã xảy ra và hoàn toàn kết thúc tại
thời điểm trong quá khứ.

Ngoài ra, thì quá khứ đơn còn có công dụng:

+ Diễn tả hành động được lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
+ Xuất hiện trong câu điều kiện loại 2.
+ Xuất hiện trong ước muốn không có thật.

BÀI TẬP

Bài tập 1 – Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs in
brackets

1, My sister cooked (cook) dinner last night.

2, I walked (walk) to school this morning.
3, Josie carried (carry) her mum’s bag for her.
4, We (tidy) tidied our rooms yesterday.
5, They studied (study) hard, but they did not pass/ didn’t pass(not pass) the
exam.
6, Your grandparents were (be) delighted when they saw you last week.
7, We didn’t spend (not spend) all our money at the shops.
8, You bought (buy) a really nice dress for the party.
9, I was relieved when I didn’t drop (not drop) that beautiful vase.
10, The teacher began (begin) the class at 8.00 a.m. this morning
Bài tập 2 – Choose the correct answers

1. I … to Italy last summer.

A – have been B – went C – have gone

2. They … that dog for about three months.

A – had B – hasn’t had C – have had

3. ‘Did you get those jeans for your birthday?’ – ‘’Yes, I … .’

no, I didn’t
A – have B – did C – did get

4. ‘The new Bond film is on at the ABC cinema.’ – ‘I know. I … it

already.’
A – ‘ve seen B – saw C – seen

5. ‘Do you like duck?’ – ‘I don’t know. I … it.’

A – never ate B – ‘ve never eaten C – didn’t eat

6. ‘Has Jen learnt the vocabulary for her test yet?’ – “No, she … .’
A – haven’t B – didn’t C – hasn’t

7. Sue can drive us to the airport. She … her test yesterday.

A – did pass B – has passed C – passed

……… Duong….. his test last week?

A. Have/ pass B. Did/ passed

c. Did/ pass d. Do/ pass?

Bài tập 3 – Change the sentences into Past Simple tense

1. Do you go to the pub? Did you go to the pub?

2. I am in a hurry. I was in a hungry
3. He doesn’t see beautiful rainbows. He didn’t see…..
4. They tell me funny stories. They told me….
5. I spend my holiday in Hawaii. I spent …..
6. They are in the park They were…..

Bài tập 4 – Complete the text with the past simple

 Yesterday it (1) … my friend ́s birthday. He (2) … a lot of friends from school.
It (3) … very hot so we (4) … to go to the swimming pool. There (5) … many
people so we (6) … a lot. Suddenly, Joe (7) … and (8) … himself. We (9) … an
ambulance. He (10) … in hospital but he (11) … a broken arm. That (12) … a
memorable birthday

Bài tập 5 – Complete the text with the correct affirmative or negative past simple
form of the verbs in the brackets

1. Emma tried on a green dress and a blue dress in the clothes shop, and …
(choose) the blue one.
2. Our team … (not win) the last match of the season.
3. We … (go) bowling yesterday evening.
4. It was a long film, but I … (not feel) bored.
5. The film … (begin) at seven and finished at ten.
6. They … (not spend) all their money on holiday.
7. Hannah … (feel) relieved when she got her exam results.
8. My aunt … (not be) at the family wedding last weekend.
9. We … (get) home at eight o’clock on Sunday.
10. I enjoyed the film, but I … (not / can) understand all of the dialogue

2, Present perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

- Hành động đã hoàn thành cho tới thời điểm hiện tại mà không đề cập tới nó xảy ra
khi nào
- Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại
Khẳng định S + have/ has + Eg: It has rained for 2 days.
(+) V3/ed
(Trời mưa 2 ngày rồi.)
Trong đó:

– S = I/ We/ You/
They + have

– S = He/ She/ It +
has

Phủ định S + haven’t/ hasn’t + Eg: We haven’t met each other for a long time.
(-) V3/ed
(Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian dài
Trong đó: rồi.)

– haven’t = have not

 – hasn’t = has not

Nghi vấn Have/ Has + S + Eg:

(?) V3/ed ?
- Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn đã từng
Trong đó: du lịch tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?)

- Yes, I/ we/ you/ - Yes, I have./ No

they + have.

- Yes, he/ she/ it +

has.

- Về một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm nói

just, recently, lately gần đây, vừa mới

already rồi

before trước đây

ever đã từng

never chưa từng, không bao giờ

for + N – quãng thời gian trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time, …)

since + N – mốc/điểm thời gian từ khi (since 1992, since June, …)

yet chưa (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)

so far = until now = up to now = up to the present cho đến bây giờ
*Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Bài 1: Chia động từ

1. She already ( watch)……………………. this movie.

2. He (write)………………….. his report yet?

3. We (travel)…………………. to New York lately.

4. They (not give)……………… his decision yet.

5. Tracy ( not see)………………. her friend for 2 years.

6. I (be)………………….. to London three times.

7. It (rain)……………… since I stopped my work.

8. This is the second time I (meet)……………… …..him.

9. They (walk)……………………….. for more than 2 hours.

11. You (get)……………….. married yet?

12. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.

13 . Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).

14. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.

15. ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?

16. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.

17. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.

18. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?

19. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.

20. I (work)………….. here for three years.

21. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?

22. You (not/do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose.

 23. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about
half of the plan.

24. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.

25. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.

26. She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.

27. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.

28. I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have)………. one since Thursday.

29. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/ see)…………. each other for five
years.

30. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of
term.

31. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve
o’clock.

32. How long…….. (you/ know)………. each other?

33. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?

34. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?

35. He (live) ………….here all his life..

36. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?

37. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave)

……….. six.

38. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.

39. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.

40. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.

41. School (not, start)……………..yet.

Bài 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. She has never drunk whisky before.
....................................................................................
2. He has never known me before.
....................................................................................
3. This is the first time we’ve visited Ha Long Bay.
.....................................................................................
4. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
.....................................................................................
5. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
.....................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
.....................................................................................

Bài 3. Bài tập viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành có đáp án

1. This last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.
=> She hasn't............................................................................................................
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.
=> He has.................................................................................................................
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.
=> We have................................................................................................................
4. I last had my hair cut in November.
=> I haven't................................................................................................................
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................
6. It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't.............................................................................................................
7. When did you have it?
=> How long...........................................................................................................?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I have never................................................................................................................
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last................................................................................................................
10. To day is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
=> It is.......................................................................................................................
 3, Direct and reported speech
1. Định nghĩa

- Câu trực tiếp: Câu trực tiếp là lời nói xuất phát trực tiếp từ người nói và thường
được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

Ví dụ: "I am hungry", Bob said.

- Câu gián tiếp: Câu gián tiếp hay còn gọi là câu tường thuật là thuật lại lời nói của
người khác, không thuật lại đầy đủ các từ ngữ nhưng ý nghĩa vẫn giữ nguyên và
không nằm trong dấu ngoặc kép.

ADVERTISING
Ví dụ: Bob said he was very hungry.

2. Cách biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp (câu tường thuật)

*Những thay đổi về thì của động từ

Thì ở câu trực tiếp Thì ở câu gián tiếp

1. Hiện tại đơn (Simple Present) Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past)
Ex: “I work for a post office”, she said. She said she worked for a post office.

2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous)
Ex: “I am feeling ill” Tom said to me Tom told me that he was feeling ill.

3. Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect) Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) Tom said he ha
Ex: Tom said: “I haven’t done it” done it

4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Ex: “I’ve been waiting for 2 hours”, Jack Jack said he had been waiting for 2 hours.
said

5. Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect)
Ex: “I didn’t do it”, he said. He said he hadn’t done it

6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn ( Past perfect
Ex: “I was lying”, he said. Continuous)
He said he had been lying
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect)
Ex: “I had already done my homework”, Ex: Bob said he had already done his homework.
Bob said.

8.Tương lai đơn (Simple Future) Tương lai ở quá khứ (Future in the past)
Ex: “I’ll buy it”, Tom said. Tom would buy it.

* Lưu ý: Có 1 số trường hợp không thể thực hiện lùi thì khi chuyển từ câu trực
tiếp sang câu gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh:

- Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại, khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu
gián tiếp, động từ chính và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn/ thời gian được giữ nguyên
không đổi

Ví dụ: My sister says: “I’m going to the supermarket.”

→ My sister says she is going to the supermarket.

- Nếu diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên

Ví dụ: He said: “The Sun sets in the West.”

→ He said that the Sun sets in the West.

- Câu điều kiện loại II và loại III.

Ví dụ: “If I were you, I would not say that.” she said

→ She said that if she were me, she would not say that.

- Cấu trúc “Wish + quá khứ đơn/ quá khứ hoàn thành”

Ví dụ: “I wished I lived in Berlin.” Jane said.

→ Jane said she wished she lived in Berlin.

- Cấu trúc “It’s time somebody did something”

Ví dụ: “It’s time he did the washing-up.” his mother said.

→ His mother said it was time he did the washing-up.

Ngoài ra, còn có một số thay đổi với các động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs)

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Can Could

Must/ have to Had to

May Might

Will Would

Shall/ Should Should

Needn’t Didn’t have to

*Chuyển trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian theo quy luật:

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

This That
Ex: “I want to buy this pen.” She said she wanted to buy that pen.

These Those
Ex: “I want to buy these pens.” She said she wanted to buy those pens.

Here There
Ex: “I want to sit here.” Ex: She said she wanted to sit there.

Now Then
Ex: “I am sitting in front of TV now.” She said she was waiting in front of TV then.

Today That day

Ex: “Today I have a test” She said she had a test that day.

Yesterday The day before/ The previous day. She said she had a tes
Ex: “I had a test yesterday.” day before.
Tomorrow The next day/ The following day. She said she would ha
Ex: “I’ll have a test tomorrow.” test the next day.

Ago Before
Ex: “I had a test 2 days ago.” She said she had had a test 2 days before.

Last night The night before/ The previous night.

Ex: “I watched TV with my mother She said she had watched TV with her mother the night
last night.” before.

Next week The following week/ The week after.

Ex: “I will go on a picnic next week.” She said she would go on a picnic the following week.

The day before yesterday Two days before/ earlier

Ex: “I had a test the day before She said she had had a test 2 days before.
yesterday.”

*Thay đổi đại từ:

- Đại từ nhân xưng

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

I He/ she

We/ you They

You (nếu là chủ ngữ) They/ I/ he/ she

Me Him/ her

Us Them

You (nếu là tân ngữ) Them/ me/ him/ her

- Đại từ sở hữu:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

My His/ her

Our Their

Your Their/ my/ his/ her

Mine His/ hers

Ours Theirs

Yours Theirs/ mine/ his/ hers

- Đại từ this/ that, these/ those

+ “This, that” có thể đổi thành “it”

+ “These, those” có thể đổi thành “that/ them”

Ví dụ: Mary said: “This is the first time I’ve broken my arm.”

→ Mary said that it was the first time she had broken her arm.

3. Tường thuật câu kể (Statements)

S1 + say(s)/ said (that)+ S2 + verb

S1 + tell(s)/ told + O + (that) + S2 + verb

Ví dụ: “I feel really fed up with my job.” said Susan.

→ Susan said that she felt really fed up with her job.

→ Susan told me that she felt really fed up with her job.

4. Tường thuật câu hỏi

*Câu hỏi Yes/No: S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather+ S + V

- Thêm If/ Whether để mở đầu cho mệnh đề tường thuật.

- Trật từ câu hỏi (động từ trước chủ ngữ) chuyển thành trật tự câu kể (chủ ngữ + động
từ). Bỏ do/does/did nếu có, đổi thì của động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật lùi về quá
khứ một thì và thay đổi các yếu tố khác như địa từ, sở hữu, tân ngữ, các từ chỉ thời
gian, nơi chốn,…

Ví dụ: “Are you angry?” he asked. → He asked if/whether I was angry.

*Wh-questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: what, where, when, how…)

S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + what/ who/…. + S+V

- Không dùng If/ Whether mà dùng lại các từ để hỏi sẵn có (what/ where/ when,…)
để mở đầu cho mệnh đề tường thuật.

- Các biến đổi khác thực hiện giống như khi tường thuật câu hỏi Yes/No

Ví dụ: “What are you talking about?” said the teacher.

→ The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

5. Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh, cầu khiến, khuyên bảo, đe dọa, lời mời, ngỏ ý …

*Khẳng định:

S + told/ asked/ advised/ reminded/ agree/ offer/ refuse... + O + to-V

Ví dụ: “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said. (yêu cầu)

→ Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

*Phủ định:

S + told/ asked/ advised/ reminded/ agree + O + NOT to-V

Ví dụ: “Don’t talk in class” the teacher said to us. → The teacher told us not to talk in
class.

6. Tường thuật lời đề nghị

S + suggested + ( someone ) + V_ing

Ví dụ: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said.

→ He suggested me sending her some flowers.

Task 1. Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning

1. She said, "I am reading."

→ She said that.......

2. They said, "We are busy."

→ They said that ….......

3. He said, "I know a better restaurant."

→ He said that.........

4. She said, "I woke up early."

→ She said that.......

5. He said, "I will ring her."

→ He said that.......

6. They said, "We have just arrived."

→ They said that.......

7. He said, "I will clean the car."

→ He said that.......

8. She said, "I did not say that."

→ She said that.......

9. She said, "I don't know where my shoes are."

→ She said that.......

10. He said: "I won't tell anyone."

→ He said that.......

Task 2. Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning

1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.

→ She asked.......
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.

→ Martin asked us.......

3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"

→ He asked.......……

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

→ The mother asked her daughter.......

5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.

→ She asked her boyfriend.......

6. "What are they doing?" she asked.

→ She wanted to know.......

7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.

→ He wanted to know.......

8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"

→ The teacher wanted to know......

9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.

→ She asked me.......

10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.

→ My friend asked me.......

Task 3. Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning

1. The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.”

The doctor advised me.......

2. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.”

Mary suggested.......

3. “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said.

Bill denied.......….

4. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said.

She accused Tom.......

5. “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary.

Mary apologized for.......