NAMPACO SECONDARY SCHOOL

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Nampula, March, 2024

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Member's name of group

Josué Lourenço Males

Inocêncio João
Júlio Faurido
Marino Alfredo
Florino Félix
Amigado Albino
Bonifácio Sabonete
Dino Francisco Herminio
Dionísio José
Culda Afonso Mutine

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Work of English subject to talk

about present simple tense, past
simple tense, adverb of
frequency and relative pronouns.

Teacher:__________________

Nampula, March, 2024

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Índice
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3

Present simple tense ........................................................................................................................ 4

How to form the simple present ...................................................................................................... 4

Past simple tense ............................................................................................................................. 5

Formation of Simple Past Forms .................................................................................................... 6

Adverb of Frequency ...................................................................................................................... 8

Examples of Adverbs of Frequency................................................................................................ 8

List of Adverbs of Frequency ......................................................................................................... 9

Relative pronoun ............................................................................................................................. 9

Which vs. that ............................................................................................................................... 10

Who vs. whom .............................................................................................................................. 11

Who vs. that .................................................................................................................................. 11

Ambiguous antecedents ................................................................................................................ 12

Relative vs. interrogative pronouns .............................................................................................. 12

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 13

Reference bibliographic ................................................................................................................ 14

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Introduction
This work is of an evaluative nature where we will address different topics that have to do with
grammar in order to make us understand the topic in question and differentiate it from other
topics. Carrying out this work will help to understand it and help to improve the way academic
work is carried out, therefore this work is very important for this and several other factors. The
objective of carrying out this work is to understand the topic

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Present simple tense
The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an
action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s
sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is
formed by using the root form or by adding s or es to the end.

 I feel great!

 Pauline loves pie.

 I’m sorry to hear that you’re sick.

 The other is to talk about habitual actions or occurrences.

 Pauline practices the piano every day.

 Ms. Jackson travels during the summer.

 Hamsters run all night.

How to form the simple present

In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third-person singular
(which ends in s).

1. First-person singular: I write.

2. Second-person singular: You write.

3. Third-person singular: He/she/it writes. (Note the s.)

4. First-person plural: We write.

5. Second-person plural: You write.

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 6. Third-person plural: They write.

For a few verbs, the third-person singular ends with es instead of s. Typically, these are verbs
whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z.

1. First-person singular: I go.

2. Second-person singular: You go.

3. Third-person singular: He/she/it goes. (Note the es.)

4. First-person plural: We go.

5. Second-person plural: You go.

6. Third-person plural: They go.

For most regular verbs, you put the negation of the verb before the verb, e.g., “She won’t go” or
“I don’t smell anything.”

1. The verb to be is irregular:

2. First person singular: I am.

3. Second-person singular: You are.

4. Third-person singular: He/she/it is.

5. First-person plural: We are.

6. Second-person plural: You are.

7. Third-person plural: They are.

Past simple tense

The simple past (also called past simple, past indefinite or preterite) is a verb tense which is used
to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also

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frequently used to talk about past habits and generalizations. Read on for detailed descriptions,
examples, and simple past exercises.

Formation of Simple Past Forms

The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with irregular
past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did not.

 Statement: You called Debbie.

 Question: Did you call Debbie?

 Negative: You did not call Debbie.

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the
past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one
specific time in mind.

Examples:

 I saw a movie yesterday.

 I didn't see a play yesterday.

 Last year, I traveled to Japan.

 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

 Did you have dinner last night?

 She washed her car.

 He didn't wash his car.

We use the simple past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

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  I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

 He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at
10:00.

 Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a
longer action often indicated by expressions such as for two years, for five minutes, all day, all
year, etc.

Examples:

 I lived in Brazil for two years.

 Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

 They sat at the beach all day.

 They did not stay at the party the entire time.

 We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the
same meaning as used to. To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add
expressions such as always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

 I studied French when I was a child.

 He played the violin.

 He didn't play the piano.

 Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

 She worked at the movie theater after school.

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  They never went to school, they always skipped class.

Examples:

 She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

 He didn't like tomatoes before.

 Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

 People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

 Simple Past Tips

Adverb of Frequency
An adverb of frequency is a word that is employed in a sentence to give more information about
the verb, adjective or another adverb. Adverbs of frequency can be placed after the noun or
pronoun that acts as the subject and before the verb if there is just one verb in a sentence. If there
is more than one verb in a sentence (e.g., auxiliary verb), the adverb of frequency can be
positioned before the main verb.

The word ‘frequency’, according to the Cambridge Dictionary, is defined as “the number of
times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or
a large number of times.” So, an adverb of frequency is an adverb which depicts the number of
times an action happens within a particular period of time. The Merriam Webster Dictionary
defines the word ‘frequency’ as “the rate at which something happens or is repeated.” Therefore,
an adverb of frequency can be defined as an adverb which denotes the rate at which something
happens.

Adverbs of frequency can be placed after the noun or pronoun that acts as the subject and before
the verb if there is just one verb in a sentence. If there is more than one verb in a sentence (e.g.,
auxiliary verb), the adverb of frequency can be positioned before the main verb.

Examples of Adverbs of Frequency

1. Ashish often likes to have food from hotels.
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 2. Wiley always buys groceries from the supermarket.

3. The teachers have been instructed to take attendance every hour.

4. Every day, the hospitals see a huge inflow of accident casualties.

5. We never like to have litchi juice from any other store.

List of Adverbs of Frequency

Never Seldom Always

Every hour Everyday Often

Constantly Ever Eventually

Daily Frequently Hourly

Yearly Generally Monthly

Occasionally Regularly Sometimes

Occasionally Regularly Sometimes

Hardly ever Scarcely Now and then

Relative pronoun
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that’s used to introduce a relative clause. The main English
relative pronouns are which, that, who, and whom. These words can also function as other parts
of speech—they aren’t exclusively used as relative pronouns.

A relative clause introduces further information about the preceding noun or noun phrase, either
helping to identify what it refers to (in a restrictive clause) or just providing extra details (in a
nonrestrictive clause).

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The relative clause comes after a noun or noun phrase (called the antecedent) and gives some
additional information about the thing or person in question. The relative pronoun represents the
antecedent.

Relative pronouns

1. Which vs. that

2. Who vs. whom

3. Who vs. that

Which vs. that

That and which are both normally used when the antecedent is an animal or thing, not a person.
Which one you use depends on whether the relative clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive.

A restrictive clause provides essential identifying information about the antecedent. In other
words, if you removed a restrictive clause, the meaning of the sentence would change drastically,
becoming much less specific. You should use that to introduce a restrictive clause.

Examples: Restrictive clauses (“that”)

 The houses that I lived in previously were all quite small.

 The subject that I liked best in school was chemistry.

A nonrestrictive clause, on the other hand, provides information that could be removed without
affecting the basic meaning of the sentence. These clauses are separated by commas from the rest
of the sentence, and they are introduced by which.

Examples: Nonrestrictive clauses (“which”)

 My previous house, which was quite small, was in Coventry.

 I did well in chemistry, which was always my favorite subject.

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Who vs. whom
The difference between who and whom is rarely observed in everyday speech nowadays—
people mostly just say “who”—but you should distinguish between them in formal and academic
writing.

Who functions as the subject of the clause (i.e., the person/people performing the action).

Whom functions as the object of the clause (i.e., the person/people being acted upon).

Examples: Relative clauses with “who” and “whom”

 She was the last person to whom I wanted to speak, but I greeted her warmly all the same.

 I don’t like people who only talk about themselves.

 My neighbor Jamil, whom I’d never met before, came over to introduce himself
yesterday.

If you struggle to remember the difference, try imagining how the sentence would be phrased
using personal pronouns. If you use “he,” “she,” or “they,” then who is the right choice. If you
use “him,” “her,” or “them,” then whom is correct.

For example, “I’d never met him before” becomes “whom I’d never met before.”

Who vs. that

Who (along with whom) is used only to refer to people (and sometimes animals). It’s never used
for things.

That is a trickier subject. It’s primarily used for things other than people, but it’s often used to
refer to people too, especially when making a generalization (e.g., “parents that engage with their
kids”) and sometimes also with specific people (e.g., “it was Steph that said it”). Note that which
is never used in this way.

This usage is considered wrong by many style guides, although some authorities argue that it
shouldn’t be, since it’s been common for a long time. We recommend maintaining a clear
distinction in your writing, using who or whom for people and that or which for things.
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Ambiguous antecedents
Like other pronouns, a relative pronoun can cause ambiguity if it is not placed straight after its
antecedent (the noun or noun phrase it refers back to). When the text preceding the relative
clause contains multiple nouns, make sure the last one is the one you intended the relative clause
to modify.

For example

 The father of my husband, who is called Joe, has been really welcoming.

 My husband’s father, who is called Joe, has been really welcoming.

Relative vs. interrogative pronouns

Most relative pronouns are also used as interrogative pronouns—words used to ask questions.
Their roles in questions are similar to their roles in relative clauses: what and which are used to
ask questions about things, who and whom about people, and whose about ownership.

Examples: Interrogative pronouns

 What is an adjective?

 Whom do you ask for advice when you’re stuck?

 Whose is this phone charger?

The demonstrative pronouns “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those” are used to highlight some
previously mentioned person or thing.

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Conclusion
At the end of this work, we concluded that carrying out this work was very important because
regarding the topic we had several conclusions, for example the simple present is a verb tense
with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or
when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called present indefinite).
Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by adding
s or es to the end, and by carrying out this work it helped us to understand in fact that a work
needs a lot of improvement so that there are improvements every time we come across work of
this nature

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Reference bibliographic
Aarts, B. (2011). Oxford modern English grammar. Oxford University Press.

BUTTERFIELD, J. (Ed.). (2015). Fowler’s dictionary of modern English usage (4th ed.).
Oxford University Press.

CAULFIELD, J. (2023, April 17). Relative Pronouns | Definition, List & Examples. Scribbr.
Retrieved March 21, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/nouns-and-pronouns/relative-
pronouns/

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