4.2 Potential Hydrometeorological Hazards

Potential
Hydrometeorological
Hazards
Module 2
There are various programs in several
organizations around the world that discuss
different studies on the natural hazards of
hydro-meteorological phenomena and how to
minimize their impacts. Floods, tropical
cyclones, drought and desertification are
among those threats resulting from natural
processes or phenomena of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature.
Climate change is
having a significant effect
on the predicted growth
of these natural hazards.
Hydro means water.
Meteorological is a phenomenon
that are observable weather
events which illuminate and are
explained by the science of
meteorology.
Meteorology is a branch of science that
deals with the study of the atmosphere that
focuses on weather processes and
forecasting.
Hydrology is the study of water on the
surface of land, in soil and underlying rocks,
and in the atmosphere, particularly with
respect to evaporation and precipitation.
Hydrometeorology is the study of
atmospheric water especially
precipitation, as it affects agriculture,
water supply, food control, power
generation, etc. It pertains to the
occurrence, motion, and changes of state
of atmospheric water (Disaster
Reduction Resource Manual, 2008).
The most prevailing type of hydro-
meteorological hazards
Hydro-meteorological in the country is
Phenomena:
typhoon
Cyclone,and its sequential
Typhoon or Hurricaneeffects of rain and
windstorms, as well as floods.
What is typhoon?
Have you heard the word cyclone and
hurricane?
Are the terms cyclone, typhoon and
hurricane similar?
HURRICANE? CYCLONE? TYPHOON?
Those three words are similar they are all tropical cyclone but they just
use distinctive terms for a storm in different parts of the world.
A cyclone is an intense low-pressure area which is characterized by

strong spiral winds towards the center, called the “EYE” in a counter-
clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere.
Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating
intense wind, rain and flooding.
Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of storm, but they happen in different
places.
Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii and Asia (northwest Pacific).
Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United States and Central
America (northeast Pacific).
As a student and a citizen in the country, you
must be aware of the PSWS for you to be
prepared in times typhoon or strong typhoon
comes. Each PSWS has its corresponding wind
speed, lead time and the impacts it brings. It is
also the basis for the suspension of classes at
different levels. To the area with no storm signal,
it is then the discretion of the Local Government
Units personnel to suspend or not to suspend the
class. Below are the automatic suspension
guidelines released by the Department of
Education on the suspension of classes per
reference to DepEd Order No. 43 series of 2012,
stipulated in Executive Order No 66 series of
2012. One should follow what the Local
Government ordered in times of disaster.
Hydro-meteorological Hazards
Strong wind hit the Eastern Samar
Province in central Philippines last
May 13, 2020 lots uprooted trees on
the street, as Typhoon Vongfong
battered the country. Strong winds
and heavy rain have also battered the
island of Bohol, which was devastated
by a 7.2-magnitude earthquake three
weeks ago. More than 270,000
people in the area are already living
Tropical Cyclone under tarpaulins and in makeshift
shelters, and the extreme weather
Strong Wind threatens

humanitarian
to intensify
emergency
the
last
November 2013.
It is important to listen to the news
on the radio or TV set to know the
impending signs. As PSWS is issued
information regarding typhoons or
cyclones, you should be aware of
what is expected and plan the steps
you are going to go through.
Constant listening to the latest
weather update is highly advised.
Tropical Cyclone Color coding is usually uttered by

the weather specialist.
Excessive Rainfall/ Flood

Tropical Cyclone
Excessive Rainfall/
Flood
Kinds of Flooding base on the location and duration
Location
1. River Flooding - when the water normally flowing in
the channel overflows its banks and spreads out onto the
surrounding land. This causes major problems for people
living close to the river.
Location
2. Coastal Flooding- occurs when normally dry, low-lying
land is flooded by seawater. The extent of coastal
flooding is a function of the elevation inland floodwaters
penetrate which is controlled by the topography of the
coastal land exposed to flooding.
Location
3. Urban Flooding - is the inundation of land or property
in a built environment, particularly in more densely
populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the
capacity of drainage systems, such as storm sewers.
B. Duration
2. Sheet Flooding - an expanse of moving water into
which the transient streams of arid regions spread out as
they issue from the mountains upon the plains.
B. Duration
3. Storm Surge in Coastal Areas - a rising of the sea as a

result of atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated
with a storm.
B. Duration
4. Landslide - it is the movement of rock, earth or debris
down a sloped section of land. It is caused by rain,
earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope
unstable.
B. Duration
5. Thunderstorm - is a weather condition that produces
lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus
clouds and possibly a tornado. It is a violent local
atmospheric disturbance accompanied by lightning,
thunder, and heavy rain.
B. Duration
6. La Niña / El Niño- La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface
temperatures that cause heavy rainfall while El Niño refers to the abnormal
warming of sea surface temperatures in the Pacific, which causes droughts
and below-normal rainfall. It has brought losses to Philippine agriculture.
Approximately, La Nina is the opposite of El Nino. Each El Nino or La Nina
episode usually lasts for several seasons (Disaster Reduction Resource
Manual, 2008)
Lesson 2: Different Hydrometeorological Hazard Maps
Lesson 3: Available Tools for Monitoring Hydro-
meteorological Hazards
Flash Flood Early Warning System (EWS)
1. RAIN GAUGE
Automatic Rain Gauge is an early
warning device used in
monitoring hydro-meteorological
hazards.
Available Tools for Monitoring Hydro-meteorological
Hazards
2. STREAM GAUGE
Water level stream gauge.

Hazards
3. SIREN
Hazards
4. INTERNET ACCESS
Aside from these devices, hydrometeorological mentioned
monitoring can also be done by surfing on the internet. Some
of these are:
1. asti predict
2. noah.dost.gov.ph
The above internet monitoring tools are the basis for the
CDRRMC EVACUATION PROTOCOLS together with the use of
weather websites.

4.2 Potential Hydrometeorological Hazards

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Potential

A cyclone is an intense low-pressure area which is characterized by

Strong Wind threatens

Tropical Cyclone Color coding is usually uttered by

Excessive Rainfall/ Flood

3. Storm Surge in Coastal Areas - a rising of the sea as a

Water level stream gauge.

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