Wachemo university

college of engineering and technology

Department of electro mechanical engineering

Heat transfer assignments group 3

NAME ID

1 Adem Asfaw 1402397

2 Enyew baye 1305633

3 Bonsa banshure 1303889

4 Gutama abeya 1305793

5 samuel dereje 13D1572

6 Wendimnew smegnew 12D766

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Content
Out line……………………………………………………………………..
1, fins……………………………………………………………………………..3
2 fin efficiency………………………………………………………….10
3, fin, fin effectiveness…………………………………………………….16
4,uniform and non uniform cross sectional area……….15
5, fin boundary condition……………………………………………….. 18
6, proper length offin…………..……………………………………….. 22

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Introduction
Fins are generally used to enhance the heat transfer from a
given surface
1. Addition of fins can increase the heat transfer from the
surface by several folds
2. In many engineering situation, means are often sought to
improve heat dissipation from a surface to its surrounding
When every the available surface is found inadequate transfer
the required quantity of heat with available temperature drop
and convective heat transfer coefficient, extended surfaces or
fins are used.
3. By increasing the surface area in contact with air or
providing fins
4. By increasing the heat transfer coefficient the surface By
increasing the temperature difference between hot and cold
bodies

Working Principles
In many engineering applications large quantities of heat
have to be dissipated from small areas.

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 5. The fins increases the effective area of the surface
thereby increasing the heat transfer by convection.
6. In other words, the shape of fins must be optimized
such that the heat transfer density is maximized when
the space and the materials used for the finned surfaces
are constraints.
METHODS TO INCREASE HEAT TRANSFER RATE
By increasing the surface area in contact with air or providing
fins.
By increasing the heat transfers coefficient for the surface.
7. By increasing the temp of the hot surface or by increasing
the temperature difference between hot and cold bodies
8. The fins are designed and manufactured in many shapes
and forms.
9. They manufactured in different geometries, depending
upon the practical applications.
10. The ribs attached along the length of a tubes are called
longitudinal fins.
11. The concentric annular disc around a tube are termed as
circular or annular fins

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12. Pin fins or spines are rods protrading from a surface.

TYPES OF FINS
Straight fin of uniform Straight fin of non uniform cross
section section
Annular fin Pin fin

A straight fin is any extended surface that is attach to plane

wall it may be uniform cross sectional area or its cross sectional
area varies with the distance x from the wall

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Annular fins annular fins one that circumferentially attached
to the cylinder and its cross section varie whith radius from the
wall of the cylinder

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Trapezoidal fines heat transfer by convention
between a surface and the fluid surrounding can be
increased by attaching to the surface thin metallic
strips
Advantage
By using the fins,heat transfer rate can be increased
without any preventive maintenance
It is the cheapest way for increasing the heat
transferring rat from the hot bodies.

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 Disadvantage
We know that the length of fins is directly proportional to the
heat transferring rate. But the larger length is may be cause of
bending in the fins and also increases the weight of
engine. Therefore the overall efficiency will goes to
decrease.
2. We know that the length of fins is directly proportional to
the heat transferring rate. But the larger length is may be cause
of bending in the fins
USES IN REAL LIFE

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Straight Fins Trapezoidal fins

splines
Application

• Common applications of finned surfaces are with cooling of

electronics components
1. Condensers and economizers of thermal power plants
2. Radiators for automobiles
1. Dry type cooling towers

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2. Air cooled cylinders of compressors, IC engines
3. Evaporators and condensers of refrigeration and air
conditioning system.
4. Electric motor and transformers
Fin Efficiency
Consider the surface of a plane wall at temperature Tb exposed
to a medium at
temperature infinity Heat is lost from the surface to the
surrounding medium by convection with a heat transfer
coefficient of h Disregarding radiation or
accounting for its contribution in the convection coefficient h,
heat transfer
from a surface area As is expressed Q⁼ s (T

In reality, however, the temperature of the fin will drop along

the fin, and

thus the heat transfer from the fin will be less because of the
decreasing temperature difference T(x) toward the fin tip, as
shown in To account for the effect of this decrease in
temperature on heat transfer Fin

Effectiveness Fins are used to enhance heat transfer, and the

use of fins on a surface cannot be recommended unless the

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enhancement in heat transfer justifies the added cost and
complexity associated with the fins. In fact, there is no
assurance that adding fins on a surface will enhance heat
transfer. The performance of the fins is judged on the basis of
the enhancement in heat transfer relative to the no-fin case.
The performance of fins expressed in terms of the fin
effectiveness

Fin performance can also be characterized by fin efficiency, This

Is the ratio of the fin heat transfer rate to the heat transfer rate
of the fin if the entire fin were at the base temperature

in this equation is equal to the surface

area of the fin

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Fin efficiency will always be less than one

where is the total area and q t is the sum of the heat

transfer rates of all the fins
Fins of Uniform Section Area

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Fins of UniformSection Area

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4.7 ... Fin Efficiency and Effectiveness
HOW effective a fin can enhance heat transfer is characterized
by the fin
effectiveness Ratio of
fin heat transfer and
Il.A
the heat transfer
C
without the fin, For an
adiabatic fin:
tanh(mL)
If the fin is long enough, it can be considered an infinite fin tanh(mL)
—+

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In order to enhance heat transfer, > L
However, 2 will be considered justifiable

If then we have an insulator instead of a heat fin

Fin Effectiveness (contd...)
1. TO increase the fin'S material should have higher thermal
conductivity, k,
2. It seems to be counterintuitive that the lower convection
coefficient, h, the higher But it is not because if h is very
high, it is not necessary to enhance heat transfer by adding
heat fins. Therefore, heat fins are more effective if h is low.
Observation: If fins are to be used on surfaces separating
gas and liquid. Fins are usually placed on the gas side.
(Why?)

Fin Efficiency
The fin efficiency is defined as the ratio of the energy
transferred through a real fin to that transferred through an
ideal fin, An ideal fin is thought to be one made of a perfect or
infinite conductor material. A perfect conductor has an infinite
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thermal conductivity so that the entire fin is at the base
material temperature.
Thermal Resistance Concept

Boundary Conditions
Several boundary conditions are typically employed:
3. At the fin base
4. Specified temperature boundary condition, expressed as:
TET At the fin tip

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5. Specified temperature
6. Infinitely Long Fin
7. Adiabatic tip
8. Convection (and
temperatute
combined convection) (a) Specified temperature
(b) Negligible heat loss
Adapted from Heat and Mass Transfer — (c) Convection
A Practical Approach, Y.A. Cengel, Third Edition, (d) Convection
and radiation McGraw Hill
Temperature distribution for fins of different configurations

Cas e Tip Condition Temp. Distribution Fin heat

A Convection heat — + (h ) Sinh ntCL— r) coshmL + Sinh )

transfer; ).sinh ml,

B Adiabatic coshrpr(L— .t_) coshmL M tanhm

(dB/dx)EL-o

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 C Infinitely long tin

kAc

Fin Effectiveness Adapted from Heat and Mass Transfer—

A practical Approach, Y.A. Cengel. Third Edition, McGraw Hill
2007.
9. The performance of the fins is judged on the basis of the
enhancement in heat transfer relative to the no-fin case.
10. The
performance of
fins is
expressed in defined
terms of the fin
effectiveness
Jin
Fin Efficiency
Define Fin
efficiency:

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q max where q represents an idealized situation such that the
fin is made up of material with infinite thermal conductivity,
Therefore, the fin should be at the same temperature as the
temperature of the base.

Overall Fin Efficiency

Overall fin efficiency for an array of fins:
Define terms: Ab: base area exposed to coolant q f
At: surface area of a single fin
At: total area including base area
and total finned surface, At-Ab+NAf N:
total number of fins
Overall Fin Efficiency
(contd...)

IVA

Define overall fin efficiency: = I — —L (l —77 )

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Proper length of fin
Proper Length of a Fin An important step in the design of a fin is
the determination of the appropriate length of the fin once the
fin material and the fin cross section are specified. You may be
tempted to think that the longer the fin, the larger the surface
area and thus the higher the rate of heat transfer. Therefore,
for maximum heat transfer, the fin should be infinitely long.
However, the temperature drops along the fin exponentially
and reaches the environment temperature at some length. The
part of the fin beyond this length does not contribute to heat
transfer since it is at the temperature of the

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