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    TD1

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    lilian58.lb
    The document discusses Fourier series and related topics. It contains four exercises: the first examines solving the wave equation using travelling waves and Fourier series, the second examines Abel transforms and convergence of trigonometric polynomials, the third examines properties of Fourier coefficients, and the fourth examines the sawtooth function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TD1

    Uploaded by

    lilian58.lb
    6 views2 pages
    The document discusses Fourier series and related topics. It contains four exercises: the first examines solving the wave equation using travelling waves and Fourier series, the second examines Abel transforms and convergence of trigonometric polynomials, the third examines properties of Fourier coefficients, and the fourth examines the sawtooth function.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses Fourier series and related topics. It contains four exercises: the first examines solving the wave equation using travelling waves and Fourier series, the second examines Abel transforms and convergence of trigonometric polynomials, the third examines properties of Fourier coefficients, and the fourth examines the sawtooth function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views2 pages

    TD1

    Uploaded by

    lilian58.lb
    The document discusses Fourier series and related topics. It contains four exercises: the first examines solving the wave equation using travelling waves and Fourier series, the second examines Abel transforms and convergence of trigonometric polynomials, the third examines properties of Fourier coefficients, and the fourth examines the sawtooth function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Dijon University 2022-2023

    Master Mathematical-Physics

    TD 1: Fourier series

    Exercise 1 : (Solving the wave equation by travelling waves) (i) Consider a solution u ∈ C 2 of
    ∂2u ∂2u
    the wave equation 2 − 2 = 0 on R2 . By making the change of variables ξ = x + t and η = x − t,
    ∂t ∂x
    show that u(x, t) = F (x + t) + G(x − t) for some functions F and G of class C 2 .
    ∂2u ∂2u
    (ii) Assume now that the function u in the class C 2 satisfies − = 0 on [0, π] × R+ as well as
    ∂t2 ∂x2
    the boundary conditions u(0, t) = u(π, t) = 0, ∀t ≥ 0 and the initial conditions u(x, 0) = f (x) and
    ∂t u(x, 0) = g(x) for all x ∈ [0, π]. Assume also that g(0) = g(π) = 0. We first extend f and g by
    making them odd on [−π, π] and then periodic in x of period 2π, and similarly for u(x, t). Show that
    the extended function u(x, t) solves the wave equation on R × R+ and belongs to the class C 2 .

    (iii) Using (i), show that


    F (x) + G(x) = f (x), F 0 (x) − G0 (x) = g(x).
    Deduce from this the d’Alembert formula for the solutions of (ii)
    Z x+t
    1 1
    u(x, t) = [f (x + t) + f (x − t)] + g(y)dy.
    2 2 x−t

    h(π−x)
    (iv) Fix a point p ∈]0, π[ and a height h > 0. Assume that f (x) = xh p if 0 ≤ x ≤ p and f (x) = π−p if
    p ≤ x ≤ π and g(x) = 0. Compute the sine Fourier series of f . Deduce then an expression for u(x, t)
    in terms of standing waves. Finally, compare this result with the expression of u(x, t) obtained in (iii)
    in terms of travelling waves.

    Exercise 2 : (Abel transform and convergence of trigonometric polynomials) (i) Let (an )n∈N
    n
    X
    and (bn )n∈N be two sequences of complex numbers. We use the notation Bn = bk and we assume
    X k=0
    that (Bn ) is bounded by M , that (an ) tends to 0 as n → ∞ and that (an − an+1 ) converges
    n∈N
    absolutely. Show that the serie X
    an bn ,
    n∈N
    converges.

    (ii) Assume that (an ) and (bn ) are sequences of decaying positive real numbers that tend to 0. Show that
    the trigonometric series
    a0 X X
    + an cos(nx) + bn sin(nx),
    2
    n≥1 n≥1

    converges pointwise on R \ 2πZ and converges uniformly on any closed interval [α + 2kπ, 2π − α + 2kπ]
    with k ∈ Z and α is any number in ]0, π[.
    Exercise 3 : Let f and g be 2π-periodic integrable functions, a ∈ R and (k, n) ∈ Z2 . Show that

    (i) cn (τa f ) = e−ina cn (f ), where τa f (t) = f (t − a), (v) f is even ⇒ cn (f ) = c−n (f ),

    (ii) cn (eikt f ) = cn−k (f ), (vi) (f ∗ eint )(x) = 2πcn (f )einx ,

    (iii) f is real-valued ⇒ c−n (f ) = cn (f ), (vii) cn (f ∗ g) = 2πcn (f )cn (g),

    (iv) f is odd ⇒ cn (f ) = −c−n (f ), (viii) kf ∗ gk∞ ≤ kf k1 kgk∞ .

    Exercise 4 : (Sawtooth function) Let f : R → R the 2π−periodic function defined by


     π x
     −2 − 2 if − π < x < 0,
    f (x) = 0 if x = 0,
     π x
    2 − 2 if 0 < x ≤ π.

    1) Draw a picture of f and prove that f is piecewise smooth on R.


    2) Compute the Fourier transform S(f ) of f .
    3) Prove that the Fourier transform S(f ) converges pointwise to f .
    4) Compute the sums
    X (−1)n X 1
    , .
    (2n + 1) n2
    n≥0 n≥1

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