ECE12 - Module 1

Transformers
Rectifiers
Filters
Industrial Electronics
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss the block diagram of a power supply anddescribe

the outputwaveform producedby each block.
2. Explain andanalyze theoperation and characteristics of
power supply filters.
3. Explain the purpose of a filter.
4. Describe the capacitor input filter and other filtering
methods.
Intended Learning Outcomes
5. Define ripple voltage and calculate the ripple factor
6. Discuss surge current in a filter circuits.
7. Design filtered power supply that is determining the proper

values of the components of the filter circuit to
produces the desired output.

DC Power Supply System
DC Power Supply System
Rectification
Rectifiers
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating

current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse
operation (converting DC to AC) is performed by an inverter.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier
Rectifiers
Half-wave Rectifiers
Half-wave Rectifiers - Ideal Diode
Half-wave Rectifiers - Practical Diode
Half-wave Rectifiers - Sample
Problem
Sketch the output vo and determine the dc level of the output.
VD = 0.7 V
Half-wave Rectifiers - PIV
The peak inverse voltage (PIV) [or PRV (peak reverse

voltage)] rating of the diode is of primary importance in the
design of rectification systems.
Fll-wave Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers - PIV
Bridge Rectifiers - PIV
Center-Tapped Rectifier
Center-Tapped Rectifier - PIV
Center-Tapped Rectifier - PIV
Sample Problems
Sample Problem
Determine vi, sketch vL and iL. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sample Problem
Sketch vo and iR. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sample Problem
Sketch vo and determine PIV of each diode. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sample Problem
Sketch vo and determine effective dc voltage. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Capacitor Filter
Capacitor Filter
Capacitor Filter
Capacitor Filter
Capacitor Filter
Capacitor Filter
Ripple
Ripple
Ripple - Sample Problem
Using a dc and ac voltmeter to measure the output signal from

a filter circuit, we obtain readings of 30 V dc and 5 Vrp-p.
Calculate the ripple of the filter output voltage.
Ripple - Capacitor Filter
Ripple - Capacitor Filter - Sample
Problem
a. Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave rectifier with a
470uF filter capacitor connected to a load drawing 150 mA.
b. If the peak rectified voltage for the filter circuit is 60 V,

calculate the filter dc voltage.
c. Determine the ripple factor.

Challenges in a Filter Circuit
- Current Surge
Surge Current in the Capacitor filter
• Initially the filter capacitor is uncharged.
• At the instant the switch is closed, voltage is connected to

the bridge and the capacitor appears as a short circuit.
• This produces an initial surge of current Isurge through the

two forward-biased diodes. The worst-case situation occurs
when the switch is closed at a peak of the secondary voltage
and a maximum surge current, is produced, as illustrated in
the figure.
• Initially, the filter capacitor is uncharged.
• At the instant the switch is closed, voltage is connected to

the bridge and the capacitor appears as a short circuit.
• This produces an initial surge of current Isurge through the

two forward-biased diodes. The worst-case situation occurs
when the switch is closed at a peak of the secondary voltage
and a maximum surge current, is produced, as illustrated in
the figure.
• It is possible that the surge current could destroy the

diodes, hence a surge-limiting resistor is sometimes
connected, The value of this resistor must be small compared
to RL.
• Also, the diodes must have a maximum forward surge
current rating such that they can withstand the momentary
surge of current. This rating is specified on diode data sheets
as IFSM. The minimum surge resistor value can be calculated as
indicated.
End

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Transformers

1. Discuss the block diagram of a power supply anddescribe

5. Deﬁne ripple voltage and calculate the ripple factor

6. Discuss surge current in a ﬁlter circuits.

7. Design ﬁltered power supply that is determining the proper

produces the desired output.

A rectiﬁer is an electrical device that converts alternating

The peak inverse voltage (PIV) [or PRV (peak reverse

Determine vi, sketch vL and iL. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sketch vo and iR. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sketch vo and determine PIV of each diode. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Sketch vo and determine effective dc voltage. Use vd = 0.7 V.

Using a dc and ac voltmeter to measure the output signal from

b. If the peak rectiﬁed voltage for the ﬁlter circuit is 60 V,

c. Determine the ripple factor.

• Initially the ﬁlter capacitor is uncharged.

• At the instant the switch is closed, voltage is connected to

• This produces an initial surge of current Isurge through the

• Initially, the ﬁlter capacitor is uncharged.

• At the instant the switch is closed, voltage is connected to

• This produces an initial surge of current Isurge through the

• It is possible that the surge current could destroy the

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