STATISTICS

Learner’s Edition
1. Measures of dispersion.
1.1 Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped and grouped data.
1.2 Range, Median, interquartile range, and semi- interquartile range.
1.3 Percentiles.
2. Cumulative frequency curves.
1.1 Cumulative frequency tables using grouped and ungrouped data.
1.2 Cumulative frequency curves (ogive).
1.3 Relative Cumulative Frequency tables using grouped and ungrouped.
1.4 Relative Cumulative Frequency curves.

BY C. J. CHOOPE
HOLY CROSS GIRL’S CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL
 STATISTICS
INTRODUCTION
Statistics deals with the collection, recording, interpretation, illustration and analysis of
data. However, we shall work with grouped and ungrouped data.

Range, quartiles, percentiles, interquartile range and semi - interquartile range

– are measures of dispersion.
Five – number summary – the box - and - whisker diagram.
GROUPED DATA
When statistical data contains a large number of values, it is often not possible to actually
draw a bar-chart or any other form of data presentation and often difficult to simply
calculate average. To overcome this particular problem, data can be reduced to a
frequency distribution. A frequency distribution is a table in which the given values are
divided into class – intervals. Therefore, grouped data is a set of numerical data that has
been put in class intervals or groups to actually make it easier to handle when there is a
large number of data or when there is widely spread of data. The groups are called
classes and the width of the class is called class – interval.

EXAMPLE: Let us consider the following set of measures:

52668756
21138547
35954536
74398524
The same set can be presented as follows:
Measure x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
frequency 2 3 4 4 7 4 3 3 2
MODE OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
We can tell from the table above that the most occurring number is 5. Hence, the mode of
the distribution is 5.
On the other hand, modal class is the class interval with the highest frequency.
MEDIAN OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1
The position of the median of a frequency distribution is 2 +1 ,
where = total frequency.
In the above distribution the total frequency is 32,
1
so the position of the median is 32 + 1 = 16.5.
2
5+5
The 16 measure is 5 and the 17th measure is 5, so the median is
th
2
= 5.
MEAN OF A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
For grouped data, the mean is an estimated mean.
The mean of a frequency distribution is given by the formula:
Σ
= Σf
.
where Σ = sum of frequency f × measure x and Σf = sum of frequency.
Hence, to find the mean of a frequency distribution we tend to add another row consisting of the
product.
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 Measure (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency(f) 2 3 4 4 7 4 3 3 2
Product 2 6 12 16 35 24 21 24 18
Σ = 158.
Σf = 32.
Σ 158
∴ = = 32
= 4.94.
Σf
QUESTION 1
For the following frequency distribution below, find:
(a) Modal class.
(b) The mean mark.
Marks x Frequency f
1 - 10 4
11- 20 5
21 - 30 7
31 - 40 10
41 - 50 13
51 - 60 15
61 - 70 7
71 - 80 5
81 - 90 3
91 - 100 1

TASK 1
The marks obtained by 12 B pupils of Holy Cross Girl’s Secondary School who sat for
mathematics end of term two test in the year 2017 were recorded in the frequency table
below.
Marks in (%) 0 < ≤ 20 20 < ≤ 40 40 < ≤ 60 60 < ≤ 80 80 < ≤ 100
Number of pupils 10 10 10 6 1
(a) How many pupils who sat for the test? [1]
(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean mark scored. [3]
MEAN, VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION
The final two measures of dispersion that we will look at are the variance and the standard
deviation. These measures give us information about how far the data values in a data set are
from the mean of the data set.
1.1 Discrete data [Ungrouped data]
MEAN
Σ
The mean ( ) for ungrouped data is defined as:
Variance and standard deviation are extremely powerful measures of dispersion. They simply
give the spread of the data.
VARIANCE
The variance is a measure of the average distance between each number in a data set and the
mean.
Variance measures the distances or spread of data about the mean.

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
 2
The variance ( ) for ungrouped data is defined as:
2
−
= = − , where is a member of the set , is the mean
value of the set and is the number of members in the set.

STANDARD DEVIATION
Standard deviation of a set of data gives an indication of the amount of dispersion, or the
scatter of members of the set from the mean.
The standard deviation is equal to the square root of the variance.
So, standard deviation = 2 .
The standard deviation ( ) for ungrouped data is defined as:
−
= = − , where is a member of the

set, is the mean value of the set and is the number of members in the set.
Note the following important points about variance and standard deviation.
 The smaller the variation and the standard deviation, the closer the data values are to the mean.
So, the data values are close together.
 The larger the variation and the standard deviation, the further the data values are from the
mean. So, the data values are spread out.
WORKED EXAMPLE 1
Below shows the set of scores obtained by 8 pupils in a mathematics test:
30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100.
Find:
(a) The mean score, [2]
(b) The variance, [2]
(c) The standard deviation. [2]
SOLUTION
Σ
(a) The mean score ( ) = .
30+40+50+60+70+80+90+100
=
8
520
= 8
= 65.
(b) Method 1
− 2
Score (x) Deviation from the mean ( − )
30 -35 1225
40 -25 625
50 -15 225
60 -5 25
70 5 25
80 15 225
90 25 625
100 35 1225
2
Σ = 520 Σ − = 4200
Σ − 2 4200
2
∴ Variance ( )= = = 525.
8

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
 Method 2
Σ − 2
2
Variance ( )=
30−65 2+ 40−65 2 + 50−65 2 + 60−65 2 + 70−65 2 + 80−65 2+ 90−65 2+ 100−65 2
= 8
1225+625+225+25+25+225+625+1225
= 8
4200
= 8
= 525.
(c) Standard deviation ( ) =
Σ − 2
=

= 525
= 22.91287847
= 22.9 (correct to 3 sig. figures).
TASK 2
The following shows the data set: 3, 6, 4, 2, 9, 7, 1, 5, 8, 6, 4, and 5.
Find:
(a) The mean,
(b) The variance,
(c) The standard deviation. [6 marks]
1.2 Continuous data [Grouped data]
MEAN
Σ
The mean ( ) for grouped data is defined as: = Σ .
Variance
2
The variance ( ) for grouped data is defined as:
Σ − 2 Σ 2
2
2
= = − , where is a class midpoint (mid –value)
Σ Σ

of the class interval , is the mean value of the data and Σ is the sum of all frequencies.
Standard deviation
The standard deviation ( ) for grouped data is defined as:

− 2 Σ 2
2
= = − ̅ , where is a class midpoint
Σ Σ

(mid –value) of the class interval , is the mean value of the data and Σ is the sum of all
frequencies.

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
 WORKED EXAMPLE 2
The heights of 50 similar plants were measured in centimetres and the results grouped in
intervals as shown in the table. Calculate the standard deviation and variance. [6 marks]

Height ( ) Frequency ( )
1< ≤ 5
4< ≤ 6
7< ≤ 7
10 < ≤ 9
13 < ≤ 6
16 < ≤ 3
19 < ≤ 8
22 < ≤ 4
25 < ≤ 2
SOLUTION
Method 1
Σ 12.5+ 33+59.5+103.5+87+52.5+164+94+53
Mean = =
Σ
= 50
659
= 50
= 13.18.
Height of Class Frequency Product Product
plants in midpoint ( ) Deviation from the − −
( ) mean ( − )
1< ≤ 2.5 5 12.5 -10.68 114.0624 570.312
4< ≤ 5.5 6 33 -7.68 58.9824 353.8944
7< ≤ 8.5 7 59.5 -4.68 21.9024 153.3168
10 < ≤ 11.5 9 103.5 -1.68 2.8224 25.4016
13 < ≤ 14.5 6 87 1.32 1.7424 10.4544
16 < ≤ 17.5 3 52.5 4.32 18.6624 55.9872
19 < ≤ 20.5 8 164 7.32 53.5824 428.6592
22 < ≤ 23.5 4 94 10.32 106.5024 426.0096
25 < ≤ 26.5 2 53 13.32 177.4224 354.8448
TOTAL 50 659 2378.88
By using the values from the table above, variance and standard deviation can be calculated
as follows:
Σ − 2
2
Variance ( ) = Σ
2378.88
= 50
= 47.5776
− 2
Standard deviation ( ) =
Σ
=
2378.88
= 50
= 47.5776
= 6.897651774
= 6.90 (corr. 3.s.f).
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 Method 2
Method two has three vital steps:
Step 1: Calculate the mean ( ).
Step 2: Calculate the variance ( 2 ).
Step 3: Calculate the standard deviation ( ).
Σ 12.5+ 33+59.5+103.5+87+52.5+164+94+53
Mean = = = Σ 50
659
= 50
= 13.18.
Σ − 2
2
Variance ( ) =
Σ
5 2.5−13.18 2 +6 5.5−13.18 2 +7 8.5−13.18 2 +9 11.5−13.18 2 +6 14.5−13.18 2 +3 17.5−13.18 2
+8 20.5−13.18 2 +4 23.5−13.18 2 +2 26.5−13.18 2
=
50
570.312+353.8944+153.3168+25.4016+10.4544+55.9872+428.6592+426.0096+354.8448
=
50
2378.88
=
50
= 47.5776
∴ Standard deviation ( ) =
= 47.5776
= 6.897651774
= 6.90 (corr. 3.s.f).
TASK 3
QUESTION 1
The table below shows the masses of the learners in a class.
Mass ( ) 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80 - 84
Frequency 3 4 6 8 7 5 2
Calculate
(i) the mean,
(ii) the variance,
(iii) the standard deviation of this data.
QUESTION 2
The following data shows the number of packets of washing powder purchased by 100
housewives during one month.
Number of packets purchased Number of housewives
1< ≤3 35
4< ≤6 24
7< ≤9 10
10< ≤12 13
13< ≤15 8
16< ≤18 6
19< ≤21 3
22< ≤24 1
Calculate the standard deviation. [6]

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
WORKED EXAMPLE 3
The following table shows the distribution of lengths of residential plots in a village.
Length of plots (m) 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35
Frequency 2 13 47 33 10 6
For the data above, calculate the standard deviation. [6]
SOLUTION
Σ 16+169+846+759+280+198 2268
Mean = =
Σ
= 111
= 111
= 20.43243243 = 20.4.

Length Frequency Midpoint Product Deviation ( )2 Product

( ) ( ) ( ) from the mean ( − ) 2 ( − )2
( − )
6 - 10 2 8 16 - 12.43 154.50 309.00
11 - 15 13 13 169 -7.43 55.20 717.60
16 - 20 47 18 846 -2.43 5.90 277.30
21 - 25 33 23 759 2.57 6.60 217.80
26 - 30 10 28 280 7.57 57.30 573.00
31 - 35 6 33 198 12.57 158.00 948.00
Total 111 2268 3042.70
Σ − 2
2
Variance ( ) =
Σ
3042.70
= 111
= 27.41171171
= 27.4 (correct to 3 . )
− 2
Standard deviation ( ) =
Σ

= 2

= 27.41171171
= 5.235619515
= 5.24 (correct to 3 . )
TASK 4
The police force in a community recorded the number of Gender based violence crimes that were
reported weekly on a number of consecutive weeks. The table below shows the results.
Number of gender – based violence crimes 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25
Number of weeks 4 8 13 10 17
Calculate the standard deviation of this data. [6]

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY CURVE (OGIVE)

Cumulative frequency graph also known as an is a graph representing cumulative frequency.
However, the cumulative frequency of statistical data is the running total of the frequency or the total
frequency up to and including a given class interval. If the total cumulative frequency is then:
1 1
 LOWER QUARTILE (Q1): is the measure corresponding to 4 ( + 1) / 4 n.
1 1
 MEDIAN (second quartile) ( 2 ): is the measure that corresponding to 2 ( + 1) / 2 n.

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 3 3
 UPPER QUARTILE (Q3): is the corresponding to 4 ( + 1) / 4 n.
 INTERQUARTILE RANGE (IQR) is the difference between the upper and the lower quartile, i.e.
INTERQUARTILE RANGE = Upper quartile – lower quartile = Q3 – Q1
 SEMI – INTERQUARTILE RANGE of a distribution is half the difference between the upper
and lower quartile, or half the interquartile range, i. e.
Upper quartile − lower quartile
semi - IQR = 2
Q3 – Q1
= 2
 The FIVE – NUMBER SUMMARY of a set of data consists of the minimum value, the lower
quartile (Q1), the median ( 2 ), the upper quartile (Q3) and maximum value.
 On the other hand, a BOX – AND – WHISKER DIAGRAM is simply a visual display of the five
– number summary.

Min Q1 Q2 Q3 Max

 A PERCENTILES is a measure that tells us what percentage (%) of the total frequency
scored at or below the measure.
OLD EXAM – QUESTIONS
QUESTON 1
Answer The Whole Of This Question On Sheet Of Graph Paper
The length of time taken by all of the 600 pupils of Thorn Hill High School to complete a task is given
in the table below.
Time( minutes) 35< ≤ 45 45< ≤ 55 55< ≤ 65 65< ≤ 75 75< ≤ 85 85< ≤ 95
Number of pupils 70 170 210 95 35 20
(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean taken to complete the task.
(b) Copy and complete the cumulative frequency table for the time taken to complete the task.
Time (t minutes) ≤ 35 ≤ 45 ≤ 55 ≤ 65 ≤ 75 ≤ 85 ≤ 95
Number of pupils 0 70 600
(c) Using a horizontal scale of 2 cm to represent 10 minutes for times between 30 minutes and 100
minutes, a vertical scale of 2 cm to represent 100 pupils. Draw a smooth cumulative frequency
curve to illustrate this information.
(d) Use your graph to find;
(i) the median time taken,
(ii) lower quartile,
(iii) Upper quartile,
(iv) the interquartile range,
(v) the 70th percentile,
(e) Use your graph to find:
(i) the number of pupils who took less than 78 minutes to complete a task.
(ii) the number of pupils who took more than 54 minutes to complete a task.
(iii) the probability that a pupil chosen at random from the school took more than 60 minutes.

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 QUESTION 2 ACTIVITY IN PAIRS
Answer The Whole Of This Question On Sheet Of Graph Paper
The heights of 56 plants grown under experimental conditions are given in the following
table.
Height in cm ≤ 10 10 ≤ ≤ 20 20 ≤ ≤ 30 30 ≤ ≤ 40 40 ≤ ≤ 50 50 ≤ ≤ 60 60 ≤ ≤ 70
Number of plants 1 2 4 6 13 22 8
(a) Calculate the estimate of mean heights of plants.
(b) Copy and complete the cumulative frequency table.
Height in cm 0 ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60 ≤ 70
Number of plants 0 1 56
(c) Using a horizontal scale of 2 cm to represent a height of 10 cm and a vertical scale of 2
cm to represent 10 plants, draw a smooth cumulative frequency curve for these results.
(d) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate
(i) The median,
(ii) The interquartile range,
(iii) 20th percentile,
(e) Find the number of plants whose heights are more than or equal to 65 cm.
LATEST EXAM – QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
The table below shows the number of pupils who got full certificates at a certain school.
Number of points 6< ≤ 10 10 < ≤ 14 14 < ≤ 18 18 < ≤ 22 22 < ≤ 26 26< ≤ 30
Number of pupils 9 20 26 25 14 6
(a) Calculate the standard deviation.
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below.
Number of points ≤ 6 ≤ 10 ≤ 14 ≤ 18 ≤ 22 ≤ 26 ≤ 30
Number of pupils 0 9 29 55 80
(ii) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 5 units on the – axis and 2 cm to represent 10 units on
the – axis, draw a smooth frequency curve where 0 ≤ ≤ 30 and 0 ≤ ≤ 100.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the median.
QUESTION 2 OCTOBER 2016
The ages of people living at Pamodzi Village are recorded in the frequency table below.
Ages 0< ≤ 10 10 < ≤ 20 20 < ≤ 30 30 < ≤ 40 40 < ≤ 50 50 < ≤ 60
Number of people 7 22 28 23 15 5
(a) Calculate the standard deviation.
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below.
Age ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60
Number of people 7 29 100
(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on both axes, draw a smooth cumulative
frequency curve where 0 ≤ ≤ 60 and 0 ≤ ≤ 100.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
semi – interquartile range.

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
 QUESTION 3 TASK
A group of 100 cyclists in Chipata participated in a cycling race. The following table shows the maximum
distances covered by the cyclists.
Distance in km(x) 100 < ≤110 110< ≤120 120< ≤130 130 < ≤140 140< ≤150
Number of cyclists 5 15 25 35 20
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below.
Distance in km (x) ≤ 100 ≤ 120 ≤ 130 ≤ 140 ≤150
Number of cyclists 5 100
[1]
(ii) Using a horizontal scale of 2 cm to represent 10 km and a vertical scale of 2 cm to
represent 20 cyclists, draw a smooth cumulative frequency curve for these results where
0 ≤ ≤ 150 and 0 ≤ ≤ 100. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate,
(a) How far the 50th cyclist cycled, [1]
(b) The number of cyclists who cycled less than or equal to 128 km. [1]
QUESTION 4 ACTIVITY IN PAIRS
Over a period of one week, the amount of fish ( ) caught at Lake Mweru by 600 fishermen is shown in
the table below.
Mass of fish in 300 < ≤310 310 < ≤320 320 < ≤330 330< ≤340 340< ≤350
Number of fishermen 25 75 340 130 30
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below for the mass of the fish caught.
Mass in kg ≤ 300 ≤ 310 ≤ 320 ≤ 330 ≤ 340 ≤ 350
Number of fishermen 0 25 600
[1]
(ii) Using a horizontal scale of 2 cm to represent 10 kg and a vertical scale of 2 cm to
represent 100 fishermen, draw a smooth cumulative frequency curve where
0 ≤ ≤ 350 and 0 ≤ ≤ 600. [3]
(iii) One fisherman was picked at random. Calculate the probability, as a fraction in its lowest
terms, that he caught more than 340 kg of fish. [2]
QUESTION 5
The table below shows the masses of 100 babies at birth, recorded at a hospital.
Mass(x kg) 1.5 < ≤2.0 2.0< ≤2.5 2.5< ≤3.0 3.0< ≤3.5 3.5< ≤4.0 4.0< ≤4.5 4.5< ≤5.0
Number of babies 3 12 20 24 25 14 2
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below.
Mass(x kg) ≤1.5 ≤2.0 ≤2.5 ≤3.0 ≤3.5 ≤4.0 ≤4.5 ≤5.0
Number of babies 0 3 15 100
[1]
(ii) Using a horizontal scale of 2cm to represent 0.5 kg for masses from 1.5 kg to 5.0 kg and a
vertical scale of 2 cm to represent 10 babies, draw a smooth cumulative frequency curve.
[3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the interquartile range. [1]
(iv) How many babies weighed more than 4.3 kg? [1]

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023
QUESTION 6
The table shows the number of litres of water that 80 pupils at Tapasa Primary School drank on two cold days.
Litres of water(x) 0< ≤0.5 0.5< ≤1 1< ≤1.5 1.5< ≤2 2< ≤2.5 2.5< ≤3 3< ≤3.5 3.5< ≤4
Number of pupils 2 2 7 19 30 14 5 1
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency
table below.
Litres of water (x) ≤0 ≤0.5 ≤1 ≤1.5 ≤2 ≤2.5 ≤3 ≤3.5 ≤4
Frequency 0 2 4 11 30

[1]
(ii) Using a horizontal scale of 4 cm to represent 1 litre of water on the -axis and a vertical
scale of 2 cm to represent 10 pupils on the –axis, draw a smooth cumulative frequency
curve, where 0 ≤ ≤ 4 and 0 ≤ ≤ 80. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate
(a) the interquartile range, [1]
(b) the 80th percentile. [1]
QUESTION 7 NOVEMBER 2017
The table below shows the amount of money spent by 100 learners at school on a particular day.
Amount in Kwacha 0< x≤5 5< x ≤ 10 10 < x ≤ 15 15 < x ≤ 20 20 < x ≤ 25 25 < x ≤ 30
Frequency 13 27 35 16 7 2
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table below.
Amount in Kwacha ≤0 ≤5 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 30
Frequency 0 13 40 100
[1]
(ii) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 5 units on the horizontal axis and
2cm to represent 10 units on the vertical axis, draw a smooth
cumulative frequency curve. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
semi - interquartile range. [2]
QUESTION 8 NOVEMBER 2019
The table below shows the expenditure of 90 farmers in a particular farming season.
Amount (K) 0< ≤100 100< ≤200 200< ≤300 300< ≤400 400< ≤500 500< ≤600 600< ≤700 700< ≤800

No. Of farmers 5 16 17 17 14 12 7 2
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table below.
Amount (K) ≤0 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 ≤ 300 ≤ 400 ≤ 500 ≤ 600 ≤ 700 ≤ 800
Frequency 0 5 21 38 55 69
[1]
(ii)
Using a scale of 2cm to represent 100 units on the horizontal axis and
2cm to represent 10 units on the vertical axis, draw a smooth
cumulative frequency curve. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the interquartile
range. [2]
RELATIVE CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY CURVE
A relative cumulative frequency curve is similar to a cumulative frequency curve, but instead of
plotting cumulative frequencies, we plot relative cumulative frequencies. However, a relative
cumulative frequency is a cumulative frequency divided by the total frequency.
 In a cumulative frequency curve, we plot actual numbers of learners.
 In a relative cumulative frequency curve, we plot percentages of the total number of learners as
decimals.
 The vertical axis of a relative cumulative frequency curve is numbered from 0 to 1.
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 QUESTION 9 2016 SPECIMEN
The table below shows the number of days that 52 learners in a Grade 12 class at Masambililo School
were absent in one school term.
Days absent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
Frequency 2 3 6 7 6 9 11 6 2
(a) calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information in the table above, copy and complete the relative cumulative
frequency table below.
Days absent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
Cumulative frequency 2 5 11 18 24 33 44 50 52
Relative cumulative 0.04 0.10 0.21 0.35 0.46
frequency
[1]
(ii) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw a smooth relative cumulative
frequency curve. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 50th percentile. [2]

QUESTION 10 AUGUST 2018

A farmer planted 60 fruit trees. In a certain month, the number of fruits per tree was recorded and
the results were as shown in the table below.
Fruits per tree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency 1 5 4 6 10 16 18
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the relative cumulative frequency
table below.
Fruits per tree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cumulative frequency 1 6 10 16 26 42 60
Relative cumulative 0.02 0.1 0.17 0.27
frequency
[1]
(ii) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit on the x  axis for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 and
2cm to represent 0.1 units on the y  axis for 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, draw a smooth
relative cumulative frequency curve. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
70 th percentile. [2]

QUESTION 11 NOVEMBER 2018

The frequency table below shows the distribution of marks obtained by 90 learners on a test.
Marks (x) 10 < x ≤ 20 20 < x ≤ 30 30 < x ≤ 40 40 < x ≤ 50 50 < x ≤ 60 60 < x ≤ 70
Frequency 2 10 15 23 30 10
(a) Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Copy and complete the relative cumulative frequency table below.
Marks (x) ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60 ≤ 70
Cumulative frequency 0 2 12 27 50 80 90
Relative Cumulative Frequency 0 0.02 0.13 0.3
[1]
(ii) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 10 units on the x - axis for 0 ≤ x ≤ 70 and
2 cm to represent 0.1 units on the y - axis for 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, draw a smooth
relative cumulative frequency curve. [3]
(iv) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 65th percentile.
[2]

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 QUESTION 12 AUGUST 2019

(a) The table below shows the distribution of the ages of 30 football players at a school.
Age (x) years 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Frequency 0 2 5 7 8 6 2
Calculate the standard deviation. [6]
(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the relative cumulative frequency
table below.
Age (x) years ≤ 10 ≤ 11 ≤ 12 ≤ 13 ≤ 14 ≤ 15 ≤ 16
Cumulative frequency 0 2 7 14 22 28 30
Relative cumulative 0.00 0.07 0.23 1.00
frequency
[1]
(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x  axis for 10 ≤ x ≤ 16 and
a scale of 2cm to represent 0.1 units on the y  axis for 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0,
draw a smooth relative cumulative frequency curve. [3]
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
90 th percentile. [2]

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BY C. J CHOOPE @2023