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E&C Lab3

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8 views

E&C Lab3

Uploaded by

momdfors
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF BAGAHDAD

(COLLEGE OF ENGINERRING)

ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATIOM DEPARTMENT

NAME: MOHAMMED FARIS ABDUL MAJEED

STAGE: FOURTH STAGE

LABORATORY NAME: Electronics and Communications

NAME OF EXPERIMENT: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)


Exp. No.3: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

Objective:-
To study and implement the generation and detection of ASK signals.

Equipment:-
1- Oscilloscope.

2- Function generator.

3- Pulse generator.

4- DC power supply.

5- 741 Op-Amp.

6- BC107 npn transistor.

7- Resistors and capacitors.


Procedure:-
1. Connect the circuit of figure (3 a). Apply a sinusoidal carrier of frequency 6 KHz
and peak to peak amplitude of 2V to the input, and a square wave of 0.5 KHz and
peak to peak amplitude of 10 V.

2. Sketch the data signal, carrier signal, and the output signal.

3. Design an envelope detector as shown in figure (3 b) to recover the baseband


signal and sketch its output, where 𝑅𝐶 = 1 /√(𝜔𝑐∙𝜔) and 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0.1.
Report:-
1- In your own words, explain the working principle of the ASK modulator
shown in figure (3 a).
The ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) modulator is a circuit that enables the transmission of
digital information using variations in amplitude.
Here's a breakdown of the working principle of an ASK modulator:
1. Input Signal: The ASK modulator receives a digital input signal, which represents binary
data. This input signal is typically a square wave that alternates between two amplitude
levels representing 0s and 1s.

2. Amplification: The input signal is first amplified using the operational amplifier 741. This
amplifier ensures that the input signal has sufficient strength to drive the subsequent
stages of the modulator.

3. Transistor Switching: The amplified signal is then used to switch a transistor on and off.
The transistor acts as a switch, allowing the carrier signal to pass through when the input
signal is high (1) and blocking the carrier signal when the input signal is low (0).

4. Carrier Signal: The circuit generates a high-frequency carrier signal, typically in the radio
frequency range. The carrier signal represents the medium through which the digital
information is transmitted.

5. Modulation: By switching the transistor on and off according to the input signal, the
carrier signal's amplitude is varied. When the transistor is on, the carrier signal is allowed to
pass through, resulting in a high amplitude. When the transistor is off, the carrier signal is
blocked, resulting in a low amplitude.

6. Output: The modulated signal, consisting of variations in the carrier signal's amplitude, is
then transmitted through a communication channel.

In summary, the ASK modulator employs an amplifier and a transistor to switch the carrier
signal's amplitude based on the digital input signal, enabling the transmission of binary
information using amplitude variations.
2- State the advantages and disadvantages of ASK modulation.
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a digital modulation technique used in
telecommunications. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of ASK:

Advantages:
1. Simplicity: ASK is relatively simple to implement, making it cost-effective.
2. Bandwidth Efficiency: ASK requires less bandwidth compared to other modulation
techniques like frequency or phase modulation.
3. Compatibility: ASK can be easily combined with other modulation schemes, allowing
for flexibility in system design.

Disadvantages:
1. Susceptibility to Noise: ASK is more susceptible to noise compared to other
modulation schemes. Any noise in the transmission can affect the amplitude level and
degrade the signal quality.
2. Limited Data Rate: ASK has a limited data rate compared to other modulation
techniques. Higher transmission rates require a wider bandwidth, limiting its practical
use in some applications.
3. Sensitivity to Channel Conditions: ASK performance is affected by channel conditions,
such as path loss and interference. It may not be suitable for long-distance or high-noise
environments.

It's important to note that while ASK has certain advantages and disadvantages, its
suitability depends on the specific application and requirements.

3- Describe another type of ASK signal detection and compare it with the
noncoherent detection method.
One type of ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) signal detection is coherent detection. In
this method, the receiver has prior knowledge of the carrier frequency and phase. The
received ASK signal is multiplied with a locally generated version of the carrier signal,
and the result is passed through a low-pass filter to recover the modulating signal.
This method requires synchronization and accurate knowledge of the carrier signal.

On the other hand, noncoherent detection is another ASK signal detection method
that doesn't require carrier synchronization. It directly measures the envelope of the
received ASK signal. Noncoherent detection uses a square-law detector or an
envelope detector to extract the modulating signal without knowledge of the carrier
phase or frequency. This makes it more robust in the presence of carrier frequency
offsets or phase variations.

While coherent detection provides better performance in terms of sensitivity and


detection accuracy, it requires more complex circuitry and synchronization
mechanisms. Noncoherent detection, on the other hand, is simpler but may have
lower detection sensitivity due to the absence of carrier phase information. The
choice between these methods depends on the trade-off between performance,
complexity, and robustness in a given application.

4- Draw and explain the power spectral density of an ASK signal.

The power spectral density is similar to the baseband signal but it is shifted
by ±fc, also it is a Sinc function.
5- Why ASK is considered to save carrier power?

ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) is a modulation technique where different


amplitudes of a carrier signal represent different symbols or bits. The
power savings aspect of ASK lies in its power spectral density (PSD).

The PSD of ASK is concentrated at the carrier frequency, with reduced


power in the surrounding frequencies. This is because the amplitude
variations occur at the carrier frequency, resulting in distinct peaks in the
PSD spectrum.

Compared to other modulation schemes like FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)


or PSK (Phase Shift Keying), ASK can achieve higher spectral efficiency due
to its concentrated PSD. Spectral efficiency refers to the number of bits
that can be transmitted within a given bandwidth.

By keeping most of the signal power concentrated around the carrier


frequency, ASK enables more efficient use of the available bandwidth. This
means that for a given power level, ASK can transmit more data than other
modulation schemes, leading to power savings.

Moreover, the simplicity of ASK implementation contributes to power


savings as well. ASK requires fewer computation and processing resources
compared to more complex modulation techniques, which translates into
lower power consumption in practical applications.

In summary, ASK is considered to save carrier power due to its


concentrated power spectral density and its overall simplicity, allowing for
efficient use of the available bandwidth and lower power consumption.

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