DLD Lab 1

Experiment NO: 1
Title: - Introduction to lab equipments
The Breadboard
The breadboard consists of two terminal strips and two bus strips (often
broken in the centre). Each bus strip has two rows of contacts. Each of the
two rows of contacts is a node. That is, each contact along a row on a bus
strip is connected together (inside the breadboard). Bus strips are used
primarily for power supply connections, but are also used for any node
requiring a large number of connections. Each terminal strip has 60 rows
and 5 columns of contacts on each side of the centre gap. Each row of 5
contacts is a node.
You will build your circuits on the terminal strips by inserting the leads
of circuit components into the contact receptacles and making
connections with 22-26 gauge wire. There are wire cutter/strippers and a
spool of wire in the lab. It is a good practice to wire +5V and 0V power
supply connections to separate bus strips.
Fig 1. The breadboard. The lines indicate connected holes.
The 5V supply MUST NOT BE EXCEEDED since this will damage the
ICs (Integrated circuits) used during the experiments. Incorrect
connection of power to the ICs could result in them exploding or
becoming very hot - with the possible serious injury occurring to the
people working on the experiment! Ensure that the power supply polarity
and all components and connections are correct before switching on
power.
Building the Circuit

Throughout these experiments we will use TTL chips to build circuits.
The steps for wiring a circuit should be completed in the order described
below:
1. Turn the power (Trainer Kit) off before you build anything!
2. Make sure the power is off before you build anything!
3. Connect the +5V and ground (GND) leads of the power supply to
the power and ground bus strips on your breadboard.
4. Plug the chips you will be using into the breadboard. Point all the
chips in the same direction with pin 1 at the upper-left corner. (Pin
1 is often identified by a dot or a notch next to it on the chip
package)
5. Connect +5V and GND pins of each chip to the power and ground
bus strips on the breadboard.
6. Select a connection on your schematic and place a piece of hook-
up wire between corresponding pins of the chips on your
breadboard. It is better to make the short connections before the
longer ones. Mark each connection on your schematic as you go, so
as not to try to make the same connection again at a later stage
7. Get one of your group members to check the connections, before
you turn the power on.
8. If an error is made and is not spotted before you turn the power on.
Turn the power off immediately before you begin to rewire the
circuit.
9. At the end of the laboratory session, collect you hook-up wires,
chips and all equipment and return them to the demonstrator.
10. Tidy the area that you were working in and leave it in the same
condition as it was before you started
Common Causes of Problems
1. Not connecting the ground and/or power pins for all chips
2. Not turning on the power supply before checking the operation of
the circuit.
3. Leaving out wires
4. Plugging wires into the wrong holes.
5. Driving a single gate input with the outputs of two or more gates
6. Modifying the circuit with the power on.
In all experiments, you will be expected to obtain all instruments, leads,

components at the start of the experiment and return them to their proper
place after you have finished the experiment. Please inform the
demonstrator or technician if you locate faulty equipment. If you damage
a chip, inform a demonstrator, don't put it back in the box of chips for
somebody else to use.
Example Implementation of a Logic Circuit
Build a circuit to implement the Boolean function F = (A.B), please note

that the notation A refers to A. You should use that notation during the
write-up of your laboratory experiments.
Quad 2 Input 7400 Hex 7404 Inverter

Fig 2. The complete designed and connected circuit
Sometimes the chip manufacturer may denote the first pin by a small
indented circle above the first pin of the chip. Place your chips in the
same direction, to save confusion at a later stage. Remember that you
must connect power to the chips to get them to work.

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DLD Lab 1

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Experiment NO: 1

Title: - Introduction to lab equipments

Building the Circuit

In all experiments, you will be expected to obtain all instruments, leads,

Example Implementation of a Logic Circuit

Build a circuit to implement the Boolean function F = (A.B), please note

Quad 2 Input 7400 Hex 7404 Inverter

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