CLOUD COMPUTING

"CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE: FROM GEOGRAPHIES TO DATA CENTERS - POWERING A CONNECTED WORLD"

CLOUD CONCEPTS

1) Benefits and considerations of using cloud services.

• Understand terms such as High Availability, Scalability, Elasticity, Agility, Fault Tolerance, and Disaster Recovery
• Understand the principles of economies of scale
• Understand the differences between Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operational Expenditure (OpEx)
• Understand the consumption-based model

2) Differences between (IaaS), (PaaS) and (SaaS)

• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• Compare the three different service types

3) Differences between Public, Private and Hybrid cloud models

• Public cloud
• Private cloud
• Hybrid cloud
• Compare the three different cloud models
Understand terms such as High Availability, Scalability, Elasticity, Agility, Fault Tolerance, and Disaster
Recovery

• scalability is the ability to scale, so allocate and deallocate resources at any time

• elasticity is the ability to scale dynamically

• agility is the ability to react fast (scale quickly)

• fault tolerance is the ability to maintain system uptime while physical and service component failures
happen

• disaster recovery is the process and design principle which allows a system to recovers from natural or
human induced disasters

• high availability is the agreed level of operational uptime for the system. It is a simple calculation of system
uptime versus whole lifetime of the system.
Understand the principles of economies of Scale

Economies of scale means that as companies grow bigger, they can do things more efficiently and at a lower cost per
unit. It's like a superpower that comes with size. When companies expand, they get better at managing different tasks
together, like HR, taxes, accounting, and marketing. They can also make bigger purchases and get discounts through
contracts. All of these help companies save money, which allows them to offer their services to customers at a lower
price per unit.
Understand the differences between Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operational Expenditure (OpEx)

In the past, companies needed to acquire physical premises and infrastructure to start their business. There was a
substantial up-front cost in hardware and infrastructure to start or grow a business. Cloud computing provides services
to customers without significant upfront costs or equipment setup time.

These two approaches to investment are referred to as capital expenditure and operational expenditure

• Capital Expenditure (CapEx): CapEx is the spending of money on physical infrastructure up front, and then
deducting that expense from your tax bill over time. CapEx is an upfront cost, which has a value that reduces over time.

• Operational Expenditure (OpEx): OpEx is spending money on services or products now and being billed for
them now.You can deduct this expense from your tax bill in the same year. There’s no upfront cost.You pay for a service
or product as you use it
Understand the consumption-based model

The consumption-based model is a pricing model used in the cloud so that customers are only charged based on
their resource usage.

This model is characterized by

• No associated upfront cost
• No wasted resources as such no charges are incurred for unused resources*. Unused in this case is different
per service. For instance, blob storage that stores any data is considered to be used, as it consumes the storage
space.Virtual Machines that are running consume CPU, memory and other resources even if there isn’t any traffic.
Hence, they are considered to be used and will incur charges.
• Pay for what you need
• Stop paying when you don’t

Consumption is the virtual metric used to calculate how much each resource (service) in Azure was used. Each
service has many smaller metrics that track its consumption to offer best possible pricing model. Those metrics are
tracked on very granular level.
Understand the Cloud Service models

As a service means which party will manage the particular layer and all the layers below.
• Software layer consists the application (application code and set) & the application data
• Platform layer means all the supporting software and the operating system required to host the application
• Infrastructure layer consists hardware the infrastructure and virtualization required to host the platform
.
Understand the Cloud deployment models

Cloud Deployment Model is simple a separation which describes where are the company resources deployed.
Whenever this is in public cloud provider environment or private datacenter.
Below table presents high level deployment model separation

Layer. Cloud Provider Own Datacenter

Public ✅ ✖
Hybrid ✅ ✅
Private ✖ ✅
Public Cloud

Cloud Provider Own Datacenter

✅ ✖

Key Characteristics

Everything runs on cloud provider hardware

No local hardware
Some services share hardware with other customers

Advantages Disadvantages
No CapEx (No initial investment)
High Availability
Not all security and compliance policies can be met
Agility
Rare specific scenarios can’t be done
Pay as you Go (PAYG) pricing
No ownership over the physical infrastructure
No hardware maintenance
No deep technical skills required
 Private Cloud

Cloud Provider Own Datacenter

✖ ✅

Key Characteristics

Everything runs on your own datacenter

Self-service should be provided
You maintain the hardware

Advantages Disadvantages

Can support any scenario Initial investment is required (CapEx)

Total control over security and infrastructure Limited agility constrained by server capacity and team skills
Can meet any security and compliance policy Very dependent on IT skills & expertise
 Hybrid Cloud

Cloud Provider Own Datacenter

✅ ✅

Key Characteristics

Combines both Public & Private cloud

Disadvantages
Advantages

Great flexibility
You can run any legacy apps in private cloud Can be more expensive
Can utilize existing infrastructure Complicated to manage due to larger landscape
Meet any security& compliance requirements Most dependent on IT skills & expertise from all three models
Can take advantage of all public cloud benefits
CORE CLOUD SERVICES

Cloud Architectural components:

• GEOGRAPHIES
• REGIONS
• REGION PAIRS
• AVAILABILITY ZONES
Geographies:

Geographies are broader areas that encompass multiple regions. They are designed to adhere to data sovereignty and
compliance requirements. Geographies may span across continents or cover specific countries or areas.

Example: A cloud provider might have a "Europe" geography that includes multiple regions within Europe, such as
"Western Europe" and "Northern Europe." This allows customers to choose the specific region within the geography that
best suits their needs.
Regions:

In cloud computing, regions are physical locations where cloud service providers have their data centers. Each region
consists of multiple data centers that are geographically distributed. These data centers are equipped with servers, storage,
and networking infrastructure to provide cloud services.

Example: Let's say a cloud provider has a region called "North America" that includes data centers located in California,
Texas, and New York. These data centers within the region work together to deliver cloud services.
REGION PAIRS:

Region pairs refer to the concept of pairing two geographically distinct regions together to provide additional redundancy
and disaster recovery capabilities. Each region pair consists of two regions that are located far apart from each other to
minimize the risk of both regions being affected by a single event.

Example: A cloud provider might pair the "North America" region with the "Europe" region. This means that the data
centers in California, Texas, and New York would be paired with data centers in London, Frankfurt, and Paris. If one region
experiences an outage or disaster, the paired region can take over and ensure continuity of services.
Availability Zones:
Availability zones are isolated locations within a region that are built to provide fault tolerance and high availability. They
are physically separate from each other, typically located in different data centers, and have independent power, cooling, and
networking infrastructure. The purpose of availability zones is to ensure that if one zone fails, the others can continue to
operate.

Example: Within a region like "North America," there could be multiple availability zones labeled as Zone A, Zone B, and
Zone C. Each availability zone consists of its own set of data centers, so if an issue occurs in one zone, the other zones can
still handle the workload without disruption.
CORE CLOUD SERVICES

Commonly-used Cloud Resourcesces:

• Compute
• Networking
• Storage
• Databases
• Web Services
• Internet of Things
• Big Data
• Artificial Intelligence
• DevOps
Compute:

Compute services are often one of the primary reasons why companies move to the Cloud platform. Azure provides a
range of options for hosting applications and services. Here are some examples of compute services in Azure:
Networking:
Linking compute resources and providing access to applications is the key function of Azure networking. Networking
functionality in Azure includes a range of options to connect the outside world to services and features in the global
Microsoft Azure datacenters. Azure networking facilities have the following features:
Storage :

Azure provides four main types of storage services. These services all share several common characteristics:
• Durable and highly available with redundancy and replication.
• Secure through automatic encryption and role-based access control.
• Scalable with virtually unlimited storage.
• Managed, handling maintenance and any critical problems for you.
• Accessible from anywhere in the world over HTTP or HTTPS.
Databases :

Azure provides multiple database services to store a wide variety of data types and volumes. And with global connectivity,
this data is available to users instantly.
Web services :

Having a great web experience is critical in today’s business world. Azure includes first-class support to build and host web
apps and HTTP-based web services. The Azure services focused on web hosting include:
THANK YOU