2

REVIEW OF
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
2.1. Introduction
Students have already done formation of differential equation and its solution when
it is of the following types :

1. Variable Separable
2. Homogeneous Equation
3. Non-homogeneous Equation

4. Linear Equation
5. Bernoulli's Equation

Nowwe give some definitions and examples for a quick revision. Also students will
need idea of Partial Differentiation for dealing with the topic of exact equations, so we
give some basic results with examples to enable the students to grasp the subject
properly.

2.2. DifferentialEquation
Adiferential equation is an equation which involves differential coefficients or
diferentials. For example:

dy =
() 2x + 2
dx

d'y +3+2 = 0
(i)
dr2 du

(iü) dy= cos dx are differential equations.

x

Ordinary Differential Equation

An ordinary differential equation is that in which all the differential coefficients are
W.r.t. a single independent variable. Thus

dy is an ordinary differential equation.

+x+|=0

51
complete
as equation.
this
the coefficient

The Solution relation the coefficient,

order
A This Consider differential
occuring

solution
solution.
solution It Again
It Consider

The (ii)
degree is is () The
can a
of ofa and differential
consider an degree
the when
Order Order
in order
be
the of
equation

of differential
22 it.
differential

a a of written coefficients

For
derivatives
Solution differential
5 dy,79
differential
the of
= of
y
differential
of
dr2 of example:
a
2
as
equation

dx with
equation
a differential

equation dx 2
dx
differential

2t2
equation,
(primitive)

equation 3 degree
are Degree dy
equation
General
obtained equation

with -79 +2 concerned.

has
Order

is
or 2
dx =
0
+7x+
2
equation

is also
degree

+5
1
been
equation of of
fron of is a
called which Solution
is 2
and a
a a
Differential
calledintegral
Differential and = made
5=0
Differential

this relation 3 0 order =0 is

and the
the involves order
free is
relation
order is is order
general
2 1.
the 2.
as
BRILLIANT
betveen 2. from
Equation
Equation

as satisfy
Equation
2. the
fractions
degree
of
solution. many of
degree
the
the highest
the
arbitrary
diferential

the variables
of DIFFERENTIAL

the
It given
of and
differential
highest
is radicals
highest

also differential
constants
equation.
such
called differential
differential EQUATIONS

that as coefficient

for
as

Sol. Example

TYPE the Rnnstant arbitrary

(i) Integrating,

(i) (iv) arbitrary

ctant REVIEVW

(ii) (i) () ILLUSTRATIVE Now

The A
d dr=xy
d (1 log log
The
sec'x d2=xy, singular A

given +x)(|
(1 (1
y(l given dy d
x(1+y)
1.
Solve
I:
VARIABLE
we
constants.
and constants.
and
particular

OF
+x)(1+y')= y =e+*e' cannot
+ +*) tan 1 give
is DIFFERENTIAL

differential
y') differential

y
solution obtained
+y)=c,
+ dy the examples

d-secy dt solution

log = +y(1 following be

Or (1 -x obtained

or
+x)=
1+
(1 x<0 of from
equation which equation +x*) SEPARABLE
and the of
log +y)
EQUATIONS

de dy d dy. d tan differential

solution differential

the
a

is
e = d x dy=
from differential

Particular

log 0
dt
Singular

general

is
required
is dy the
c = 0

x(1 0. equations
of
differential
general

equation equation
Solution solution
solution. +y)dr Solution

EXAMPLESI
solution

is by
+y equations

that that
giving
(1 by which which
+x) giving

particular

dy of
various
contains
contains
particular

=0
(J.U. types. values
(J.U. (J.U.
no no
values arbitrary
arbitrary
2013) 2015) 2013)
'to
to the 53
 Sol. Example

54

The Separating or or Integrating, or

(ii) which
or .:. Integrating,
Separating

given
(I (1+x) 2. e=e dx
tan tan tan log log tan secy secx The logy log
Solve
+x)(1 is y
y
differential
x y
tan
(tan given
required
=

the Fc =c,
tanx
-
(1 we tan the
the ++e dy
t
y
variables,
tan y)=
+y' differential
get, = y
differential variables,

) ) x, where secx de solution.

dr
+
equation
dr
+ which
which
log

c
log

(tan r
tan

x
-
sec
+c
we secy
(1
+y)
(|
equation
get,
c
is
or tan
d y equation
or we
+y) is x)+ y y
is
arbitrary
tan get
is required

dx dy tan
(1 (| the
tan
log dy x y
+ +x*) required =e.e+.e y
c = dy
is
=
=0 (r-*)
)
solution.
constant.
or rsecx
dy dy tA tanx

= =0. solution.
log
0. BRILLIANT

(tan dx sec'x dr
y)
- tan
log DIFFERENTIAL

y
(tan d=
x) sec“y
=
logc LEQUATIOXS

tan
x
d

Sol. Eample

or REVIEW
or or () (v)
.
Separating

or
The (v) () or

log log y 3.
Ja+x=-xy
given (y (y-r)
is tan'x+
tan'x+ tan'y (1 OF
Ja+ Solve
the 1+y*
y= y
txy)
+x)(1
x=-Xy, DIFFERENTIAL

-
the required

-a
differential

the +
variables,

dr d dy tan'y
+ dr differential
tan'y+[log 1

+y)
(r-xy) + solution
log
(*y-y)

+x we equation
+-log
(1
+y)=
1+*
1+x d EQUATIONS

dx) =-(1
get, y> equation

dy
or
is =0, dy= 0. [(1 (1 - +y)
+*) +*)+ tan'x-log

x>0,y>0 0, (1
(r (1+y)]
+**)
> (iv)
+c
1,y>
(i) log
is (1 dy
required

(y+ = +y)]
). =|+x+y+xy, c (1
+*)+c

solution.
1)+y =c

(*+
y
1)
>0
=
0

55
 56
or Or or or or (ii)
(iv) is
the
(i)
The y- *(y+ The
log required log log log I,a-ay) y-x The
log log *y+I)-'+
-ay||a+x|
(1 =
given
|y|- |y ay given
-ay given
(ry) y---(
+y) hy=
|

dy dx dy
=
|
+x+y + -+ 1)
-l+*)
differential
solution.
log a (a+x) differential
dx differential

(1+x)
la+x| | log dx
1 +
2 txy,
-
-
|1

dr =e=C,
ayl dx is log
+c
Or y>0
equation

–
log
ay
_ dx) equation
the
required
-+e t
1)
equation

is 1) =
say. |atx|=c
0
the log
is is
required
or
(where
|
is solution.
a
+x+c

or or
solution. C BRILLIANT

is
logx
dx dy
arbitrary
y-x
= y- +
logy=+c
(1+x)
dy
ay dy
DIFFERENTIAL
constant)

(1 =ay
+y) a
+x dx
+
a dr
dx
EQUATIONg

Sol. Example

REVIEW
or
() (iv) (iii)
or or
(vi) Integrating,
or
(V) (ii) (v)
The ()
4. The The
tan sec (I-e)
3e log (y+xy)
is
dx (1l tan Solve y(1 (y-*) OF
y tan
given
d +
3etan
x *d=(l-y)
given the 2
iven
y cos y t(y-1)
DIFFERENTIAL

dy dx
+ +x) required

sec'y y x=-
= d
differential
coS
|- I+
x) +
the
**
d dt
differential
coS y
differential

cos cos secy

+ y SIn
X
dy dr
following

+
=-x log dx
dy (|-e)
logy (*-xy)
(r de +
1-e 3e*
= y0 2x 2y = +(| solution.

-3 = (1
-
tanx
-e)
+tc
(|-)
-)=-+ =-y'
(*y'
EQUATIONS

- equation
0
equation

dx e sec'y cos
dy sec*y
differential 2

dy
y-1
-')
equation

tan = (*-
dy=0
x)
0 yha = dy dy
y is dx is 0
1)
dr dy the
is = is
= equations y dy 0
0 required
or +
log
:
(y
solution.

57
 58
is or or or (iii) or or
(i) or or or
the Integrating,

required y=-x+ y= dy
The
|sin log log tan tan
The
tan (1-e*)³ log log log log
= given
|
|

x
d y
given
y
tan (1- |

tan
tan |

2
tan–
ftan 1+ 1-
x
tan
sin sin d+ = y
tan tan tan |

solution.
1
c(1- e*) y
y=3
y
cosx x|=- we
cos differential

x|| secy
differential
y y
2
dr xX
y

=c tan tan sec

=c |- |-3 get,
-de e)' log|(1
log| y y
c is y|= tan where
log log|
or the is
tan
or equation
log tan x equation
the |
1
l-e|+ -e
required
dy -e'|= y 2
y y
or y required
or -e-c
= c c
=0
|

=+el
2
+
tan- log
2
is
(1
t
solution.

c
is
solution.
((-e)
tan
c
-
x+c y
cos or or or

BRILLANT

x) log tan
2'cos Jcot
2 hy
sin2 |

= sin x
y

dr=-
(| dx
2
-cos x
|

+ = DIFFERENTMAL

secy
log
x) |

tan tan
dr tan
y
y|=
x
dy
log EQUATIO

Sol. Example

REVIEW
Separating
The or or or
(iv)
(v) or or
given The
5. log
The tan tan
YOF
d d Solve tan d 2
L
;see'vd-fcosexd

dy given
|

given
y y tan 1+
the
differential
sin y" cosx = * y= cos
DIFFERENTIAL

y|=- Cot
cot
variables, COs)

differential
2y
|- 1+ differential

Sin x + cos cos

+ 2c -dy
sin y
- 2r 2y
equation

x
= C

say cot
we +c 0
cquation
1-
EQUATIONS

get,
equation (C=2 x)
+c 2
sinx cos
is is -I
the
c) 2x
required or or is
is is dr or
the
Or fcot d required

solution.
=- dx
y
cOS
j

=e.e =- x
solution.

tan |- 1+
fcosx
y cos cos

2x 2y
de

69
 Sol. Example

60
or or Putting Now
The
or
(1+*)+(1+)=0,
which
Integrating,

tan"y given -e=e+

l-xy 1-xy x+}= tan tan tan Separating

this
4 y=1,
1+y* (1 (1 6.
=
dy +*) +*) Solve is
-= x 1=- y=- differential dr the
value
+
tany=
=- when
required

tan dy Jej-
1,
which
tanx+
tan tan'xtc
the
d the
4 of x= I+2 =-(1+y)
+(1 differential

c variables,

is 4
in 0+c 0
+y)
equation solution.

+c +c
(1),
the 4
required
we (e
we =0 given equation

get, is
get, +*)
that
solution.

tan
y

=
dt
dy 1,
when BRILLIANT:

x
=0.
rDIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION

Sol. Example
Note.

Sol. given
Put The Eyample
REVIEWV
(iii) or
(i) () To or
given The
that
4x dy 8. In Separate
Put solve
from
given
+y+
Solve
the y=0 e log 7. OF
=(4x+y+ differential
ax+by+c=t.
-4 -4y y
=
dx dy
solution
(1), dd-xt4y differential 0
Find DIFFERENTIAL

the
l=t the =f(ax+by+ hen
= following
4ey e
when
the
(4x variables

-1 =3
x
equation
put =0 x+4y x particular

1) +y+ =0.
equation
t=ax+
EQUATIONS
differential
and
1) solution
is integrate.
c)
by+c
is is
or or
the
equation required

of
d the
differential

: solution.

equation

log|=3

...(1) x+4y

61
 Example
Sol.
62
or or or The or or
Put Integrating Separating

given
from 2+3 2 9. 4 t=2 tan
dt x+3 d x d dt
given

-
Solve

-3+2 +y
(1), (2x+3y-4)
differential
tan
dx dyd y–4 both the equation

dx dy the +
tan
1=2 l2 =2 variables,
+4
d =t =
(2x+3
following
(*
(x+
=X+c sides, de' dt
or
+
tan becomes

-) c)]
equation

c),
|2 we
= y-4). differential
( or y
x+ get,
is
+ 2 dt
C
or or c)], dt d dt
which tan --4
equations: dt
(2 =(2
3t -=

- 1
+2

dt
=
1
is
the
required
(+
c)]
d BRILLIANT

d
solution.
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

...(1)

Sol. Example
rVPE REVIEW
Integrating Separating
or
Put or The

1-2 log log

from +y) given

c- dx u 10. II: OF.

1- d d dy y=UX
dx dy
- -2v both the (1), dr cquation
Solve
HOMOGENEOUS
DIFFERENTIAL

=X
log dx
v -2xy
variables, 1-2 1+v vt* x²+y (+)
(1 2u 2u
= -v)
sides,

1+2
U+x 2xy
the
log 2u dt du
is
dy following

x we d du
=0 dk-
we
=
logx
get,
x²+'x2 2xy
EQUATIONS

get,
2x.vx
or
differential

(+) dy=
1-y EOUATIONS

1
2v 0

de equations

=
2xy
= the
X dy : required

solution.

...(1)

63
 Sol. Example
Sol. Example
64

The or Or or or or or or Put or The

given
12. x from
given
11.
d 3y -3 -3 dx du dy de dy
which

differential
Solve
-+
-3
d y=v
r'y Solve
X+y
+ +log + dx u (1
differential

log log log ), dt is

dx -

du
1+ 1+ v - required

=
-2 |x |v|+ |v|=-
+r or 2 (r+y') x*y
|y| y v 1+y
= 1

-
v|=c
equation x+y- *-y+ = dr dr equation
d-(+y')

c log|x|=c
solution.

is log dy=0
the x+
I |x|+c
2
is required

is
or or x-y-
dy
solution.
x =
1+y3 dr 0.
BRILLIANT

-
du

= cx
dx
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONG

...(1)

..(1)

REVIEWOF
or or or or
Put Put Dut Comparing

(-9-(-9(-9-
(3) y' (2) xtxt
I-2v-,2
=Vx',
(1) d
dx becomes,
becomes, becomes, = DIFFERENTIAL

x-2x'y' 2 d&', =
* log 1, (1)
log h+k-2 h,
(1-2v-v) |
1-v--
:. h-k+
dy h b with
I-2v-y²
1

-2v
|1
-2v-v'| 0d 1+ dy'
d' d'-y'
=
dy'
=y'
=
+ -1
-y' v 1
dy' dy
-v'|=-2
= =
d' k
where
EQUATIONS

v x'+y'
2
d 0 0| a'x
= = =
x'+h+y'+k-2

x'+h-y'-k+l:
ax
1-2v- h,
log x'+ x'-Ux
de + +
k b'y
log |x' 1+ are by
vx
|
v + +c
cx'| |+ constants

log|
y c'
I+v 1+v
I-v. 2 1
c|

2 3

...(3)

65
 Sol. Example

TYPE 66
Put Solving and Put Put Comparing
or
The or

y'
dy =Ux'
from
h=1, (1) given
13. II:
becomes
d dy *+2x-y+4y-2

(2), -6+3 dx= X=x+

Solve
6x+3y
k=
NON-HOMOGENEOUS

a'x ax+by+c
2x+y-1 2
h+k-3
h+2k-3
2x+y-3 x+2y-3
equation
-z-y--.
dx
+b'y
dx' dy 1
dr',
1 is
(r+2y-3) the
b 2x+y-3

x+ +4 -6+3 de' dy' dy' dy h, X+2y required

+c' 2x'+
y=y' is
=0 =0 =
dy' 2
(*+2y-3)

2y' 2x'+y'+
a' a y
x' 2(x' (x'+ +k, -3 xy=t=C,
+ solution.

3 2y' where
with de
+ h) =
(2x+y-3)

+ h)+ +2(y'+

b' b
(2h (h d dy dr
h
+
(y'+
and =
(2x+y-3)
+
k
2k- a'x ax+by+c
EQUATIONS

k)-3 k) k
-3) are +b'y+
BRILLIANT

3) -3 dy.
constants.

c' dy say, +3y

we
get,
--
4 9
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg
...3)
..(2)
..(1)

REVIEWV

or Integrating Separating

( (l- log log log 2 log from OF

|
1+u
I
|
1
log| |
DIFFERENTIAL

v)r2
(- +v|-3 +v|-3
I
+v–log both the 31+4
dt
(3),
I+v 1
t di
v)2 +
sides,
variables,

+1 v
= v|- t-1+6t+8 tx'
= c' log log
c' where
|l-v|-2 |
|

1
log 3t 3t I-1 2+9d
EQUATIONS
log|l-v|=
l-v|=2 -v|-log|
= +4 +4
| (+9+d dx
log 1

–v'|=
e=
|

I+1
c'|=c
2
de
log log log 3t 7t+7

log
| |
|x' log I
+4
c'| x'
|=2 |x'
-vtlog |x'|+ =
|+ |
7
7(+
+
log
2
log
log
2 log ld 3t
+
c c c 4 1)
c |

1
+v|=

log
|x'|+

log
c

67
 Sol. Example
68

Integrating Separating or
Comparing
The Changing

given
(1) put a= 14. x+y=c x+y=c'
(x'-y')'
dx dt dt
1+
a' a' [(x-1)-(y

(x-1)
x'+y'
becomes,
Solve
x 1, equation

the c
both 2+3
31 2t d +y=t b b=1, with

variables,
t+1
b2 dx dy (x-y}', to
sides,dt +4 +3 the c, (x-y +
-+1 dt a' dx dy we y-1 Fc'
dt d =2, is
2x+2y+3

*+y+1
following
-
--=
1
which
get, 1)]
a'x+b'y+
we dx dy -=c'
b' ax+
get, 21+3
dedya-1 =
2
by+c
differential
is
2x+2
*+y the
= 3
21+3
dy
required

dr +4 c' y+3
+I
we equation

dt
= get, solution.

[:: BRILLIANT

dx
x=-h=x
:

DIFFERENTIAL)

-x-1,y'

=y-k=y-

EQUATIONS

y-1)

Sol. Example
REVIEW

or
Put Comparing or
The which or o

3y-x 6x+3y-
3t+ (3*a 3t dx dt
from
2
given
15. 6 OF
t+1
+4
2+: x+y=t
d dy (6x+3
is (x+y)
61+
3924
the
DIFFERENTIAL
Solve

+
log|1+I|
I+1
t-1+61+8 (1),
dx
d (1) 6x+3y+4

2x+y-1
(6x+3y+4)

differential

required log 1
y+4)
log dt 3t with + log log|3/

|
7x+ =7d
+4
d dt dx
d the
following
log |3 1+4|=9x+cwhere
|

3 3
2
xty+
log = = 2
= dy solution.
|3
r+ +4|
7x+c 7 d dy equation

=
3t t-1 dy (* EQUATIONS

1|=c
|2
x
fa 3t 7t+7 +4 or a'x+b'y+c'
ax+ (2x+y-
(2x+y-

differential
+y) 4|
xtc
=x+c

+y +4
is +
+
by 4|
is 1 =
1) =9x+c
the |=c 7(?
3t de dt +c
1) dx
required
--2 equation x=9c'
+4 + dt
1)
a'
solution. :

...(1)

69
 Note
Note
where
Proof. 3.2. differential coefficients
3.1.

2. 1. which Integrating
Multiplying
Solve Thus, Linear

In In The
P A

problems,
and differential

order
is de dx the equation.

the
dy given
Q
the occur
Equation
+Py=Q DIFFERENTIAL
are LINEAR
to required
both
equation
standard

evaluate
Pax throughout
differential
functions

if sides
in
the + theequation
coeff. solution
w.r.
Py ds form
first
e, e/P= +
t. by equation
Py=Q, of
of x, e
x. of degree

in AND
of we a
it
must
d the
get
d d linear
which

is (oePa)-ye we is where
and
given
70 not get,
be
remembered
unity,
differential

P
and
equation are the

not dependent
EQUATIONS
BERNOULLI'S

3
then multiplied

*).e Q
dx
are
of
make
equation.
Pdx the
that function
P
Pd d first
variable

e* it
unity. 4PyePa P+elPde
dx
d together,

SP order

=x. ofx.
dr) and

+ is is
dy esPdx
dx
called
its
differential

a
d dy

Sol. Example
Proof. 3.3. Leibnitz's
Note equation
tste equation
Note Note LINEARAND

The which Integrating

Multiplying
Solve

The
6. 5. 4. 3.
given
1. ILLUSTRATIVE
The in If in
SP If
d
Equation.
is dy
d
differential
d
+2
Solve
required
-
(rePa)-QPat
+
given
dy
cquation
dy d in
an
in
+2 both
Px + is
and and an
BERNOULLI'S

P through Px=Q;P

y y the differential
called equation,
equation,
=Q solve
solve
cot cot differential
solution.
sides
+
x= x Px integrating

de
equation
= w.r.t. elPd
by it it
CoS cOS and + as only as
eP equation
Py a a
only DIFFERENTIAL

X x. equation
y, = linear linear
=QePd
, Q
x y

is we we are
factor
Q, and and
d equation

get, get, is functions where

equation

(r and
dx, dy,
eP)=xeP,

.
and and EQUATIONS

is P
denoted
and in in functions

EXAMPLES ofy x. function

=xe alone.
O
are
PP+ by
ePo I.F.
functions
of of
y x,
aPd)
and
and
+
ePd
Px of dy d

eP x, occur, occur,

(J.U.
dy d +ePd is
also
write
write
2013) called

dya
tne the 71
 Example
Sol. 72

or Comparing or or Comparing
The JPar
J
Pr given
2.
solution
P= á(*+)'. Solve
y=
solution
P=2
= dy y y
sinx =2
-2d
differential

3sin sin
it cot it
x+1
=log 2 with
2 2 the with
of differential
x Sin* =cos of =log cot x,
given given
Q=r+1)3
d tc x Q
(x+1)-2 -+Py=Q,
equation
3 (sin =
dr cos
--
differential +Py=Q,
cosecx. differential

|
-+c x x)* =2
Pdt x

+c
= 2
equation
sin = log
(r+1)2 is (sin
log x d
sin we
1
equation
(r+1) we dr +c equation x=
get +
x)' get
c
- = log
is (r+)otl sin (sin
log is BRILLIANT

(r x x)*
+I)-2

DIFFERENTIAL

(J.U. ,EQUNTION

2015)

Sol.
Example
LINEAR

Comparing
Or (a) (c) (b) or
*J*0-)(0+)
(a)
log The
AND
3.
x P
dr given x (x+1)-y= y=+)* (*+1)2 (*+)2
+ log
Solve

+
BERNOULLI'S

0+1
log x it
x (*-1) r+1 with x
?-1)+*(*+1)
x
(x (r-1) (x-1) differential
dx the
- +1 dx -y=3 differential
1)
+ +Py=Q,
d (x+1)²

log )(r-I)(+) el"

+x(*?+1)y=**-1.

+c 2

*
DIFFERENTIAL

equation
(*+i)?.
(x 1+1 (*+ -+c
+ (log equations

1)
1)².
we y
= is x).
get **-1
-9(-I-)(*+) EoUATIONS

1+1

(J.U. (J.U. (J.U.

2010) 2015) 2015)

73
 74

or or or or
Comparing
(b)
The
solution solution
x+1 P= (*+1)
(x-)y
eJPalog
| dy given
(x-)
Pe it
differential
1 dx
- of
given
=-|d 1

,Q=e*
with

-y= =
y of
given

foJra =log

d
(x+1)"1
x+1 dr log

+
differential
e* x x differential

e
equation
+
(r+I)²
= = (x+1) =, 2?te. 1
-2
dc
+c
(r+1)-l

- +C
2
dx
equation
log we is +c equation

(x get
= +1)
is x+1
= is BRILLIANT

log
(r
+1)
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg

Sol. Example

LINEARAND

The or Comparing
or (c) or or
given
4.
Solve y= log logx
solution
P=
x The
y-(+)e+3e(x+)

differential
de log
d dy
log
x+1
BERNOULLI'S

dx x x
-
given
it
- 2y
the
differential
log
-3
x
of
=e-log
x
log
x
log
with
x
log 1
x
d dy
x -y
differential

2y x given

=3x. + 3 3 [(or* x dx y
=3x equation x ,Q=3x
c
log d differential
(log
d +Py = =3 DIFFERENTIAL

x. +c log x) = 3x x*
equation
=log --d =Q, (log equation

is *)-d+e log
d log
+ log we x x)
log c equation
(log x
: x get
is
x x)=
EQUATIONS

=
is -log
(log

(log
x)
x)
=
log
1
x

75
 Sol. Example

76
Comparing
The which or or or or or or Solution
Comparing

solution given
5.
Solve is ye2* ye2i ye2x
required

y= differential

of LF.
of
it
with
d y= given
P=-2, it
given d-+=e,
dy =- = = =
with
solution.
-*-tce?r 3 differential

de dy |3xe2*dx
differential
3 xe*dte
+
equation
Pa Q=3x
Py=
Q-e --2x +
(r Py=
= >0), 3
equation
=-2x

log Q, is
de
equation

x, we given te Q,
te get,
-2x

is
we
get,
P=-,Q=e that +c
is
or
y*-e*•xdr y= +c BRILLIANT

when

x
= DIFFERENTIAL

1.
+c

(J.U.

EQUATION

2014)

Example
Sol.
LINEAR

or or Comparing
The which Given or or
solution
-2/r given
6. from AND
|

=0+c
Solve is y=
required
yePde
(1),
BERNOULLI'S
differential

it 1,
of with
y= when
differential
I.F,
P= d d solution. *y
= = equation
(x-1) c=1
x=| =xe-
2 [QePd (r-)e*
1
+
Pdr Py= -2/r DIFFERENTIAL

2
equation e,I
=2*
dx |1·e*
Q, is
+ +tc we
-= +–
c
is 1,x
get, dr
+
* cor EQUATIONS

d 0.
or
= or
xy=re
y 2 1
2
e2vx

e-2 -dtc
=
2yx

te
(J.U.

2015)
...()

77
 Sol. Example

or
Comparing

(i)
Comparing

0) (ii) ()
solution
The *y=+c y. y. solution
JPd The sin * 7.
|Pdr x*=
d given
ePa given
x Solve

it + it d +2y=
I.F. P=2
with
2 x Sx. +2y=r
cosx

1
of
differential
=2|
tan
y
tan
differential

x* -fQ. of
given elog
with
differential
+y

coS
the
following

dx x d
** dr
- Par tan x, + = or +c differential
dr
=
-+ T
| x Q= Pyy sin y=*+ ePa
2
Py=Q,
or = ()+2
sin equation dr = x
equation

logx=
equation cs differential

log sin

cos
x. (cos
=-2 x
we dt
x
sin“x

x)-2
+
c
equation
we
log get, is cx? log y
is get, is
tan
cos
= x* equations
x'y=
d P=.Q-* x=
+ (cos x is
c = sin
BRILLIANT

x)=
1log
fr x
(cos dt
+
c
cos x)" DIRERENTlAL

[:
eog
EUA

Example

LINEAR
(vi) (in) or
(v Comparing
(ii)
() which Or

8. AND
dx dx
dy_ dx dy
y' Solve y
sin
y. solution

I.F. P= dr dy sin
The
is
+ |
given
required
+4y= 2
y=sin x sin Pd=cot
cot +y x
BERNOULLT'S

x y
= x
it y=
log
- = = of e
x, with
Cot
cos cosx

4 1 sin +y differential

x 2x x differential
Q cosrtc
5
x
3 sin?
coS =F
x solution.
x
y=
-+c
x
= cos d dy = coS
= =tanx

Ntc x x + coS
x sec
sin eo8
x =
DIFFERENTIAL

dt Sin Py r equations
cosx
Ntc
cOsecX. x.sinx
equation Sin = x =Q,
Sinx cos

x log sec
(vi) (iv)
(ii)
= we
x
sinr
sin sin x
dt is d+
is x x get,
dy +
x
2 EQUATIONS

dy,= c c
+y=
d dy
ty=6x

?.
or
-f
odPeare
2x

79
 Sol. 80

Or or or Comparing

() ()
Comparing Comparing

(ii)
LF.=eJa=e2x
The xy= y.e*-[4x,e* solution The
solution
fPds=[d= The ye= yezr yelr
d given
JPaog*
JPá=[2dà

given
I.F. + given
it
with
4y [x'd it
2
=2xe2i it
with+Py=

= = differential
of with
differential
xe-e+c of
differential
differential

given
5x
+e de
d =x d dy -2e* =2x
+Py=Q, or differential

log
-+Py=Q,

dr+e
equation equation
*y=tc r equation
equation

dx
+c or
we
4 4 equation
we y=2
d+c
or Q,
we
is ye?" is
or get,
is is get,
get,
y.x= dx x-1 or dx
P=4,
or is P-,Q-* ye =4[x" P=2,
42y=4 2

y=+C +ce
BRILLIANT

|x.xde+
=2xe*-2.-+c
Q4*
Q= 4 2 -

2.x
x
d
5x
DIFFERENTIALI

2
2x
.
EQUATIONS

LINEAR

Comparing
(•) Comparing
(iv) is or or or Solution
required

The ye=etc solution AND

J
Pdr=-[a=-
LE, [Pdt=f1.d The yePa
yetr
e=e yeti
it
given
=
it
given solution. of
given
BERNOULLI'S

with
differential
of
differential
with
differential = - -
4 [sxe"daete differential

or s| fQdPd

y=l+ce
=x du
xea
+Py=Q, + DIFFERENTIAL

Py=Q,
logx equation
equation
equation +ce4r
4
5
ec +e equation

-
log
we
is
we is+yl
4
4x
te
get, is, get,
x is
dd_-2x y.e dx
EQUATIONS

P=- P=1,Q=1

=
-
-.Q-2 |

1.e
de
+e

81
 or or
Comparing

(vi) or 82
2y y solution
J
or
Comparing

log yeJP fPa=d==

(v) or
log P The yx ydr=|3x. solution
:

x x=[ elPat
2x
The
= =fQe eog it
given
=+c,
solution

(log (ogx).
of with
given
differential

x 7 dy
(log = it
log
differential

is eogv
with +y=6x -f2.
x)' *) x d
7 differential

+c = y-e of
differential

dr log
+Py=Q,
= d
+ dt equation

x
which
Pat +Py=Q
c' log
equation
=Q-ePdtc d+c
+e'
or or x is
or +e
equation

y
is we required
or d equation

logx=
y. log get,
is
+c

logr (log dt y* we
is Z-2zá+e

(log =[.log
P= solution.
3e= get,
is,
r)
x x
2 logx logx 2
7
P=
x)
2x BRILLIANT

+c'
x
de Q-3
+e' Z=x+c
DIFFERENTIAL

or
y=*tey
EQUATIOxs

Solution
Comparing
or Sol.
(i) Comparing
Example LINEARAND

The solution
()
of
given
Pa d dy
d given
*y=, yx=(l0g
y.P fPa-[d-
dd,y=log
The
(üi)
9.
given
y.x-|
=
it
with 2 42y
2 it x x
Solve:
BERNOULLI'S

-fo.«, of
logx-c'
differential

2| =x =
differential
x).-d differential
with
differential
log
dr x +y
x d
logx
2
x d de dy
log + logx
log .+ +y +y=
=
x.xdr equation
=2 Py equation
equation
x, Py =x equation
x DIFFERENTIAL

=Q, log
log d
JPaeogx =
de x, or -a+e' +e' Q,
log
x
+c
e pJ
we 4xy=2 x log
+e is or we is
x
is get, is
Par get,
P=-,Q=x or y.x=|
P EQUATIONS

x xy= =x =,Q=logx

2 log (log.x).x
logr
x-x* (i)
=log logx-*d
x+2y
logx
+c dx+e'
d
x

=2
=x
+e'
logx

83
 84

or or or or or
Or or Or Or
Comparing
(ii)

solution
x The
log
given
y y y y y y
log log log log log log J
Pdz Pd it
with
x **y *'y **y
x x x x of d-+ydy
-
differential

-
x x given
= = = = = -log -
=
-Za+log
2| |
(Qeda log -d de dy
4
(log
2
log
2
log (log
differential

(log
x
logx
+ -'log
log
-
log*
4
(log
x
-log Py equation
x).
-+2+c x2d x).*
x) =Q,
x-x+cx
-x'àt x).r'dr
x = x
) 16
+c,; dr equation log = we
1 4

,
-1 +c +o x. get, is 4
x +
which
de log
dx y +C c
+c 1
4
+ is x P= +
c x c BRILLIANT

is log
required
x is
=log log x required

-y
(log
x
=
:
solution. DIFFERENTIAL

solution.

x)
2

EQUATIONs

Sol. equations
Example LINEAR.

(u) (vi)
Comparing
(ii) or or or Solution Comparing
() (x) (ix)
(v) (:i) ()
The The
(1+x“)
y'+y xy xy'-y= y'+3
y'+3y= :
10.
AND
given
given

J yer of d+3y dy y'+3y

+y-x+xy log Find
BERNOULLI'S

Pá it y'-y
ve ye given
it cos
x y

y
differential
with+ differential
with =e"*
y x=en ty= (r+
- e2*
one-parameter

+2xy
=-|lá = = = -|e,ed
differential

=e* =
d coS ex+ce*
e+c | d dy e2x log 1)e (m:

e*d +
x
equation
equation
cot dr cos x agiven DIFFERENTIAL

Py or Py
x = x
--x =Q, +c equation =Q,
=0 cot families

we d dy
is x
real
is we
get, y is
required
+c get,
de number)

is (r0)
of
Pa
=COS
EQUATIONS
P=3. (x#0) solution-curves

P=-

= x
solution.

e O= (viii)
1, (v) (iv)
(i)
Q= e-x
y'-y= y'-y=
cos xy'

x 1+12=x+2
+y of
the
2x =** cos
cos following

2r x

differential

85
 Comparing

() If or
Or Comparing
which
i
86
(iii)
The Solution

m solution

+3=0
given The
is
it
with+Py y'-y given
required

differential
ye yei- is it d dy
Ve Pe=(cos
is
with
+3
d = =xtc
i.e.,
differential

solution.

cos
y
=
Jlde m
e(m+3)x
d = 2 1+1
2x equation + e*
m=-3, +3 (sin
=Q, Py=Q

+c -+c,ifm
equation
x–
e(sinx-cosx)

x).e*dr
we then dx cos
is we dr
get, + x)
c get is +
P=-
solution
+ c
L.F. Or +3 P=3, ce* +c
=eFa
1, dy 0 +c
Q= is Q= BRILLIANT

=e cos =
cos
em*

TDIFFERENTIAL

2r 2x

EQUATIONG

LINEARAND

or or or or Solution Comparing
(v)
The
solution

of |Pd
differential
given BERNOULLI'S

with xy'-y
=-Edr=-logx,

y=-e+
differential

Ve
y.e=cos
of
differential

y=

equation +
=
(+
=
V-y
DIFFERENTIAL
Py=Q, 1

xe 1
equation -
1) cos ecos equation
-+c 2x-e*de
cx e* [2 Je +(2)?
we
d is e x
cos
+ Pa get is [2
c tan x- is
=logx
aP--a-(J bx +e EQUATIONS

tan(-2)] d
(-2)]
Va'+b²
or
de =logr=ll yei=
+
+ ce
c +c
e*cos
ede

+
c 2x
d

+c

87
 88

Comparing
(vii)The
or .. Comparing
(vi)
Solution Comparing
(vi)

The
solution
e (x The
d dy ylogx=(log

Pd_log
J
Pa=]o log given
given
given of
it
1+x2
2x 2y it
x) differential
it
with
logx of with
dx dy
with
differential
differential
X differential
differential

y=*+2 logx +y=

(log
dy = x).d+e' x)
dx
d dy
(log -+Py=Q,
+
Py=Q,
= de + logx equation

equation log =log Py=Q, -+C

equation
x)* dt
equation
equation -xdr+c

x or
tc +
e' is
we
is
or or we
d dy de
+c we is
get, y is is
log y. get. xlogx
get
P= logx=|.log (log 1

x
= P= or or
P
=,0=
x) BRILLIANT

(log x
1+x
2 X
logx y=+ xy- d
x)?
.Q=*+2
+c'
x
-.0 4
|** DIFFERENTIAL

dr d
+c'
+e

EQUATTONS

LINEAR

or
() Put Let or or Solution Comparing
(ix)
from
(1+x*)+2 The Thegiven
AND
dy (1+x*) solution

given y'+ycos
(1), of
given
BERNOULLI'S

2 Deinr it
x dx dy yein with
1+2 yelh=
differential
sin esP differential of Pde
+ ye Pa
I-
differential
2 x differential
x
xy x =F1, = =cos
= =x+ =
y em =-|:d
e2sinx
=
+Py=Q, e-log(l+x*)=
1+x Cot
d 2
esin*
x²+1
|Q.ea DIFFERENTIAL

x cot = equation
esinx
equation
x
dr=
cos
equation tan!
equation

x 2x
cot cos
cosreind
x
xtc
x
+ dr sin
x de
dx c, 2 + x we
is d c get
is
+ is elog(l+x*)-!
=-
which
-2sinx + is cor
c EQUATIONS

+c
P=
y. log
or

is coS 1+.
(1
cos
required +*)
x, + 1
x 1+?
dr
=
Q=e (cos
2
-
solution. x)·y=e (
dt
+2)2+1
cOS

-
1
cos

x
d
+
.(1) c

89
 90

Solution Comparing
(xi) which Or Solution Comparing

The y y y(l+*)
y.(r d dy is
xy of dx dx required
(l+**) (l+x*)

given
given
of
sin sin J
Pdlog
it +(1
+)-X given
it
with
with
x x) y
+x =
differential

= differential

=
=| -fo/Pa,
dy cot
+xy
solution.

(1+xylog
log =| differential

dx
x 1.xsin
+ |
cotx dt +
sin (xsin
Py= x) cot sin =
x y
log Py
x
equation
x)
=x x equation
x d
dt = |+c =Q,
tc
equation
Q, dx (1+*),
+ dr =x
c d 0 + we
+c + sin
we |

c
c get, is sin get,
E

is x = x is ea
log |

x P= + P=
c
+
log 1 (1 = 1+x
BRILLIANT

+ +*) eog(l+*) 2x
sin
cot
x=
x,
log

(x
Q=

1
-
1+g2
1+x2 cot
DIFFERENTIAL

sin x
x)

EQUATIONS

Sol.
Example
LINEARA
y.e=
P=2, Comparing

(ii) Comparing
() which or of or or
solution
The solution 94y
jPát=[ld-x, The
de 11. AND
Q= y.e=| is
f

sin
+2y= given given Solve
required
xy xy xy
sin it = BERNOULLI'S

of with
of it Sinx
x. x
different
sin
the
sin sin
e
differential

sin differential
with differential

x, y

dx +Py=Q,
sin
x .e*
x dx
-+Py=
(r
E
following
solution.
=-

Cot
=-
x
=-x
x

x.
dt
DIFFERENTIAL
equation
+
c LF- R) COS
cos
(-cosx)-|

equation
+c equation equation x
+ x x+
(ii)
Je*
differential

Q, t
we is
or JPa,
we sin |

is get, sin
y.e*
is =ex get, is d x
sin
x
+
cos
C
SP bx dx
+2y=sin
c x 1.(-cos

= P=
equations
x d
EQUATIONS

dr=f2 dr= +y +
1, c
Q= = x)
sin x. : d
dr sin
x +c
=2 x

-
foJrta

91
 Sol. differential

Let or ()
Example
92
Comparing
Or
which
from
Put

solution
()
The
y'cos“
or or

is (|
tan d given
equations
12. y-sin*
required ), + d.cos x
ye=
x
=
, it
(sec“x).y=
= Find
y=
yen=an
of
differential
with differential
tan
=
secx

solution.
tan
-
(-)e=
I
= x x
-
:
a J4+1

x-
(tan
d= d = y one
tan tan
x- +Py= tanx tan =e"
1
di xsec x equation
x equation parameter

+cetan
1)ea (tan
see?
x sec“x
-y
S+ce-2r
xeland r.elanxd d dt Q, sin|
x-1
+c = we is
sin
x +c )

en
is tan
get,
family
br -
x, de tan-+c

+c .. P= =
erar=
of
secx,
dr dy (i) solutions BRILLIANT

=
Q tan
an dy

= x
x
tan sec“x-y
of eai. DIFFERENTIAL

x
X+ each
1+
secx
y sin(
sin cos
secx
x
of bx-
x the
tollowing tan EQUATIONS

...)

Sol. Example

(vii)
i Comparing
(i) (ir)
(v)
(iüi) LINEAR

The (i) or
or or
Comparing
or
(i)
JPá=f(-2)
given d 13. yy(1 solution
d y'-2y=
y(l+ The AND

+y +
Solve y(1
+3y
it given
with
differential

sec=
2y 2y + + yePa |1+
BERNOULLI'S

=cos = = sin sinx) of it

cos sin
cos sin JPdr with
sinx differential

x)
differential

x) dx dy
d +
tanx
2r 3r 3x 3.r
= =- =(l+ - P=

d =
= Py=Q,
equation (QePat
log 1+sin
COS +
-2,x, (1 1+ cOS Py X+
DIFFERENTIAL

xdr sin equation

+ 1+ equation
X 1+
sin sin =
LF. +c x )
x X_k
x sinx y
cos
we is +c = Q, sin
- get, d is
log
=
Q= we x X

is
(viii)
sin log get,
a=e-2x P -2y
(r)
(vi) (iv) (ii) (1 1+ EQUATIONS

=-2,
x) +
sin (1 sin
= y'ty= dt +
or

cos d + x) sin
x
Q e dy
+y +y= + +
= 3r 3y 2=sin x) =

cos
cot
cos = sin
1+
3x x=“ sin x

2rt sin
2r 5x
x

cot
x
1+ COS

+ sin
2r X
x

93
 94

Comparing Let
.'. (ii) or

solution solution
y.d=|sin The y=cet* from
I=e*(3
.e*
given
(1),
9 -e2
it
of
differential
with
differential +(3sin
solution
cos -cos of
differential

x
.e*
13 sin
dy sin
-+Py= 3x-e 3r
(3 d=
dr is
sin
3r 3x.e
+c 3r -2 9
equation
equation
ye-e(3
3r-2 cos
ex equation

or -2 2*
y.e we cos 3r)-1 cos d
cos sin
is get, is 13 3
+
=
3r) 3r-e 3x c is
3*) 9
d=
P=1,Q dx dy
-je-2).sin

Va'+b?
+y=
or BRILLIANT

sin 9
= sin 2*
1
sin
x
x
3x-2
-e cos

3x
ei cos

3x)
d 3
DIFFERENTIAL

sin (3 (Integrating
àr
-dx
bx-tan-) +c sin
3x-2

EQUATONS
cos by
3:) parts

LINEAR
or Comparing
(iv) which or
Comparing
(iii)
solution The

y
d: dy is
solution
The AND

e2* I.F.
given required |Pde de dy
+2y given
P= it y= LF. + BERNOULLI'S

= of = P it 2y
differential

2,
with
=
sin
differential

solution.
of
differential
= - = with
= differential

/4+9 2dk 2, sin

sin Q=
d 5x d dy 3x
1
Pde
5xe2*
+ Q= +Py=Q,

sin equation
=2r
equation Py -isin(3x-tan"*e
DIFFERENTIAL

5x equation sin equation

=Q,
dt
+c tc 3x
we e
is
is we
get, is
sin Or
is
get,
EQUATIONS

bx
dk ye=
=
/a'+b?

|e*
e* sin
sin 3x
br-tan de
tc

95
 96

(vi) which or Solution

Comparing

()
The
The
dx
is given
given required ye-Tage
+ of LF,
3y= y= given it
P +
with
differential

= =2, 2y differential

sin solution.

1
differential
= /29
cos 1
2r Par2x Q= dy
cos +Py= 3x
equation
cos equation

3x equation
3x
ea"cos cos dt
Q,
is t we is
3r-tan c
is get,
bx
dt
BRILLLANT

DiFFERENTLAL

EQUATONS

LINEAR
or Solution Comparing
(vii) which or Solution
Comparing

The
AND
is
of I.F.
given required ye=
+3y
given
P=
it y= of LF.
BERNOULLI'S

with given it
-fodra = P=3,

3,
=
cos
differential

= with

er
differential
/9+4 solution.

ecos /9+4 differential

d
2r eJ dy
Q= 1 rar3x Q
+
cos Py=Q,
sin + DIFFERENTIAL

-esin
equation
sin Py=2,
2r equation 2x
2x equation 2

dr fe* d
te we
is
+c
we
is get, sin is get
bx , EQUATIONS

dt
-
a'+b?
1

eeI
sin
bx-

tan
a
97
 98

or Comparing
Comparing
(ix) (vii) is
the
y y solution
The
LF. solution
JPd=f1.d=x, The required
(secxt
(sec Pdr=secx
yex
= given
ye* y.e* given
x+
it y== it y=
of with+Py=Q,

= of with
=
tanx)=

=
differential
tan given differential
solution.

1+4 -fo..Jra differential

x)-tan
(cos cos
dy
equation log dr e
sec
|sec (secx+
= 2r (cos
2x.e* +
Py=Q,
log equation
x
+ +
x x (sec 2 equation JPa. equation

tan tan (sec

is
tan sin 2r+2
d
de
x-x x x) x we 2x) +c +c
=e*
we
x +
dt + =
sec tan get,
is
sin is+y=
+|(secx-) tan + is get,
t dx dy
c x x) ce 2r)
x) +
P +y P= de
= +c
dr tan sec
+c seCx
1,Q=
BRILLIANT

x x, cos
Q=tan
=
tanx
de+e cos 2x
2x
*an x
DIFFERENTIALE

old
multiple

EQUATION

of

Sol. Example

LINEAR

Comparing
Dividing
() (i () or or
The
(Pa Comparing ()
* 14. y y y The
d
JPdr=-ad=-alogr=
AND
given d dy y
y
solution
p=
-y=: throughout dr dy Find sin sin sin sin sin -cot given

x* a x x
(l) =* x= cot
x
= =
BERNOULLI'S

x=(r +y
differential
4 ay the it
with x* x,
x+1
x
=x
x of Q with
differential

general
x cot
-+xy
-y= sinxtc
sin («? differential

dák =xcot

d by + x cos cosx
= du x
=
+
Py=Q,
x,
we
equation
=ax.
1,
x solution - d
cot
log
x
-+
Py=Q,
x

equation
DIFFERENTIAL

x+2
> |2x + +2x
sin +2
equation cot
get, |
0 2xsin
sin sin x) x, x x
+2x
we is of x x) sin JPa we
logr x the is
have, dr x x isstee get,
following
+|2x dk d de
+ + + =elog
EQUATIONS

P
- e c c
ay=x+1

sin sin
differential
x
x
dt =
it sin
+
c
T+1 x
equations.

...(1)

99
 100
Comparing
(iii) or Comparing
or
(i) or ..
The
solution

[Pd J The solution

P given
P= .a LF,
it given
with it
1-?" =elog(xi

d
differential
of with
1-a
JPa
+Xy
given
dy
differential
of
4x given
d dy +
-+ dr elogxa
Q
Py
differential
+1) + 4x equation
cquation
ax +1 -fo..Ja =2á=2log Py=Q,

= = equation

Q, (r²
we '+1 2x
is
equation
+ is,
we
get,
or + )² get, is
-2x 1) dr +I)3
y +c
d: -+dy is
- (r P=.
d

+
+c
(r+)=log(r?
(l-r)
BRILLIANT

4x
1)'
-log =-tan'xtc

2
- (1
(r?+)}
DIFFERENTIAL

VI-?
-')
+)²
,EQUATIONS

Sol. Example
Or or
or or LINEAR
Comparing
The or
or solution
solution
given
15.
AND
(rty)
Solve
differential

xe= it
xe=-ye++c

of with
of
differential
BERNOULLI'S

X=-y-|+ce
given
dy (x+y)

- dy
V=a+c

-yeetc equation
equation --')
-[l4 +Py=Q,

za
2 equation
DIFFERENTIAL

(1-x2)
=1. a
is = is
x
-y 2
is
we
get, 2
xty= 2(-21) 3
EQUATIONS

P=-1,Q=y

dx
or +
d&e c
dy d
or +c

+c

101
 Sol. Example
102

Comparing or Comparing or
() (ii) ()
Or
(i) which

The
(+2y'). (r+2y') 16.
fPa-[d=logy,
y The solution
LF, y given
(r+3y') (x+2y)y'=

is .l-(2y2.+e Solve
dr given the *=y'+
y y =
it +x-y' + =2fy it
with (*-)
required
eJ with
equation

differential of Py dx dy dx
given
c, dy
a+ dy I

dy =0 =e- d =y
dy solution.

or y
=y
is
y,
=
+Px=Q, equation

c +Px=Q,
y
or 0 x=y log
equation

log (y>0) >0

e y
y
dy + is
cy og
-elogy we tx=y'
we
is y"
get, get, *+2y'
P =y dy
P-Q2
=y = -.x=2 (i)
-,Q=y or y BRILLIANT

=y y
dy
ds de
y y
+
1 (*-y) T
DIFFERENTIAL

dy
=0
EQUATIONS

Sol. Example

LINEAR
Comparing
The

given
[Pay=-);d=-
Comparing
or (ii)
JPay dy y
y 17. solution
x+3y=y
AND
dy de dt- dr Find
-3[1.y (« The solution

--x- -
differential

= -- it
with
y Lr2y (*+2y)
(*
+2y) the
of it
with
+3
y)
given
3
BERNOULLI'S

'-
e-log
2 general
differential
of
d d y
tc dy d d differential

jo.c
differential

+ =0 dy
equation

dy logy= d y
=logy

=-
Px=Q, =0 =0. solution or
or =3y+c
+
Px=Q, or or
DIFFERENTIAL

dy equation

log y-x is +
c
log
+3y= (x+3y').
equation

+e equation

-y-!. , we of y-!,
we
get, the
is get,
dy
is or is
P = differential
JPa. xy-fy.ydy
=-,Q=2y
2
P=-,Q=3y

or
d EOUATIONS

y
=e y
logy! y d
eguation
-*-3y
y
+e

103
 Example 104
Example
Sol.
Sol.

Or or or Solution

The The
e'
Comparing
given

given
19. solution
given sec 18.
(e
d dy that dx dy
Find
e
y
Find
of
+y differential +y sec' sec differential *.2y.*e differential
y dy
cot = cot the
xePd
of
it
with y-x) = a
one y
0 y x
x when x particular
differential +x=e'
dy d =
-2
=2x+ =2x+

= dy dhy = +x paraneter

equation d 2

x=
|see"y
+Px=Q,
= d+x equation

dy.
y+cy equation

x* sec dr 1djy
x* solution equation

cot is cot y dy
is
family

is
+c dy is
dy dy
x x

of +c +
we the or +
c
c is get of required
( the solutions
31
differential P=1,Qe'sec
=2y
0) or
x
or Or
solution.
BRILLIANT

x dy tc
e=
e'= d of
= differential

equation tan
e'
y

+c e'
see
sec DIFFERENTIALEQUATIO%

y.e"dy
y

-x
y
equation

+
c

satisfying Example
LINEAR
(iün)

(i) (i) or .. Now or or Solution Comparing

from
(1+*) AND
dr the 20. 0= y
|Pdt P=
+2 =0
-3 given
For
(1),
y of
y y y
y y y cot
BERNOULLI'S

sin sin it
cot tan each y
when
sin sin sin
differential

= x, with
+
condition:

sin sin x x x x x Q
=
|

= 2xy=
x

= +c x
= = = = cot
sin sin of x= =
xsin x (sin
|
=| 2x+x dx dy
x
2 x;y
the sin x). 2x (2x+* equation

de + DIFFERENTIAL

4
x; 1+x given
sin
sin > x+c
x- sin = Py
=Q,
x x log cot
y=2 2

;y=0
=0
differential
x
is
- 0-x x d cot dx is
sin
x
we
when
+
when
required

4 cos +| x) c) x, get,
-x1+c sin
x
= x ** SPáa EQUATIONS

x= when
de cos x
3 solution.
es
de
x=1
equations,

+| x
dt
+
x
,log
c=-
cos
sin
find
x x
4 d& =
a +c sin
particular
T
x
ah

solution

...(1)
105
 Sol. 106
Comparing
or
(ii) .. or or or .. Comparing
())
The from
Pde (1+x)+2xy
cosx cos
solution
The
JPdt=|
given
LF,
(1),
y 2 x
cosx d dy given

-d it
with 2x
d differential
y=
y=0
= =
1

of
=Pdlog

with
+2
equation

coS y
Secx given
cos sec -sin 2 tan
x
tan
(+*) x
when +ccosx
x d dy
x
+Py=Q, + tan
equation
x =
= -2 C
x. + is
= 1
equation

cosx. x=
x d Py=Q, sin

log d cosx (cos =-2 x

ish
('+ we te *)"
is log we
1), get, de =
(cos cos get,
el
P=*
tc x
Pe- x) =
P=2
x log BRILLIANT

log(r+1)
+1 (cos
tan
Q= ) x,

I
DIFFERENTIAL

=,2+| O=
1
-fosra sinx

LEQUATIONS

Eo
..(1)

LINEARAND

or Comparing
(iii) which Now or or or or

sinx y y.fQ-Jra, solution

SPdt The
sin f from 0 y=0
solution

is
sinx Pdr required

x -3y given
(1),
tan1 .y BERNOULLI'S

=
-
2 -2| - of
given
=e-3log

-3
it

with
cotx
differential
y=
1+1
when (*+
of
( solution.
x=1 ) differential

Ginx)?
sin coS
sin
xog cotx
dx = =
sin equation
+
sin x²+1
tanx 1+1
tan'x+c

x x 2x Py
2x x tan
*+1
DIFFERENTIAL

de dr equation
+1 equation

cos sin dr (sin = x

+ 1
=-3 Q, 4
x
c x + is x) we (x+1)
0=

d+c c
dx log c
= get, is is
+c (sin EoUATIONS

sin
P=-3
x)3 x

c=

sinx cot
1
x
4
,Q
=
sin
2x

...(1)
107
 Or Sol. Example

Comparing
or The
108
solution

given
d Putting

Initially
or
P=cot +y
21. y=-2
y
y y dy dt cotx
C=4
2=-2
2=-2 y=-2
sin sin sin
differential Find c=4
of it + +y sin
J sin
x x x differential
Pa Pde x, with
(cot y=2
x
= = = cot =4x a
particular
sin in +c x
sin?
=
)
2x+c
4 = dr x)y=4
x (1), when
sin =
x
|4x 4x
= cosec + 2 x
2
xdá log cotx + equation
4 +c
Sin
cosec

Py 4x we 2
-1 sin
cosec equation
sin sin' +c x= x
solution
get,
+ x= =Q, cosec
x
sin³"
sin' +c
x)-)
e d
x cosec
(x0),
x,
x sin = is x
dx we
which
2 +c
sin +
is x log x
x

get, of
x c sin given the is
d+c
x differential required

that

solution.
y
BRILLIANT

=
equation
0
when

x=
DIFFERENTIAL

.()
["
sin EQUATIONS
Eo

or or or or Sol. oiven
Comparing Example LINEAR.
Put or The
solution that which
P= Now
given
e(r+1) e
y 22. from
AND
z : z =z, =0 is y=0
(r+ (r (r+ „JPdr
it d (r+ diterential Find required

of
BERNOULLI'S

+1) differential
with
when (1),
1) 1) 1)y' a
= = = = r* dx particular
when
dx x solution.
2x+c 2x+c
e'. = y

sin
0

2dr 2 + d dy
equation
0 =
equation
Pz= 2
X+1 2
2e x=2,2
2
Y= DIFFERENTIAL

solution

+c 2 - x
Q, d dz e
-1 is
4
+c
=plog(*+)
we
+c
I) is get, x+1
of
or the
de
(+
EQUATIONS

+c differential

=+
1)
ay
1
= equation

2e'-

(x+1)
1

dx
=2e-1,

...(1)

2 109
 Sol. Example
110
Sol. Example

or The Now or Comparing The which Now

given
x+y=
given
23. from
dr 24. Solution
*y= solution
fPax=d- dx is y=0
y= de dy
d differential
Solve Solve required

(0+
|x'dt (1),
d d
differential
1
it
is
42 with
+y= the when
of the e'(+1)=

given when
solution.
1)
differential y=
+e differential

=
.
»1=2+=-l
equation dy equation

or
differential
x=2
4
log + 0+c x=0
r
xy Py= 2x+1

is
equation,
=-+e dt equation,

+e Q,
islysdt

equation
we
given
or get,
y.x= given

or is P=Q=* to
that |
that
BRILLIANT

» o
x.x
y=l c=-2
y=l
dr
where +c where DIFFERENTIAL

x=1:
x
=2:

(J.U.
EQUATION

2012)

.
Proof. 3.4.
LINEAAR

In which Multiplying
Put Dividing
Solve
Equation
Now
of Comparing

the The
(2) y y ANDl
solution,
is dt D+ solution
xy-Jx'de solution

JPa
linear
becomes, -n
-n both
given Bernoulli's

y=1 fPa-[*a-

(1-) dx =tso dx dy Py=Qy" Reducible

BERNOULLI'S

both differential
=logx it
sides is
putting
in
py-=Q
when of with
t sides given
and Pt=(1 I that
1-n
by
Equation

+e =X
dx
can
=
by
d d
dt (1-)y-"
y", equation to x
x=1
or differential

logx +Py=Q, DIFFERENTIAL

y", be -n) 1

we
Linear
xy=+c
-n, +
solved.

Q Pt=Q get,
3 dt
we de +e
we d:
is 4 equation

get, + we
get Py= or get,
dy y.x= EOUATIONS

the dt
Oy".
or is
required

|x.xd
where

solution

+c
P.
O

of are
equation
functions

(1).
...(2) ..(1)
of
x. 111
 Sol. Example Proof. 3.5. 112

.. Put Dividing The

In .. Put Solve
General
(iii)
(i) () Note.

The
the Solve Put Divide
(2) y=t given
(1)
dt becomes,
d d
1.
Solve
ILLUSTRATIVE
solution,
becomes,
f(y)=t
f) given the y Rule

5 d d: both differential
equation
Equation
the l-n
throughout

.=-5x? differential
linear
to
so sides the putting
so + solve

5 that that
differential
Pf(Y)
de dt
by f)+ Reducible
equation
:
+P=Q,
dr -5v6
y°,
equation

f) by
=f(), = equation

y".
we Q d
equation
dy in
d get,
is which
Pf(Y) t

we is to and
dx
dt get
d d Linear
then
is =Q,
the a
linear put
required
EXAMPLESh
where
BRILLIANT

=y
in
solution. and P
and
can
Q DIFFERENTIAL

are
be
solved. functions

EQUATIONS
of
v
..3) ...2) ...(1)

Sol. Example

Or .. Put Dividing
(i) (i) ( which
Comparing
LINEAR

d dt () y=t The
(°y* d 2. solution AND
becomes,

txy is P:
-2 both
=y-xy
given =xy-xy Solve
required =-, I
xt=-2r +xy) BERNOULLI'S

+xy?=x
or sides
=* equation
the (3)
of = Q--Sa'
d= tollowing
solution
(3) eSlog
with
2 -2-3
1 by is
d: dt y',we is y or de dr dt
+xt= *
=-5log DIFFERENTIAL

or =logx
+PI=Q,

differential of
differential

get,
d d (ii)
x
we
Or (ry equations

equation
5 get, EQUATIONS

+xy)

y= (1).

2 dr.
ldt
d

113
 114

Comparing
Put Dividing or or
(i) Or or .:. .'. .. ..
solution comparing
ye-x 1.F.
SPd=
solution
(1) -yl=t, The y²e- P=-2
t.e dx =
becomes,

2 both dx given e
-y'x=*
it y
-[x'.e
ofequation
with
-xy=y
dx
of f-2x
x,
sides dy =-fzedz
given Q=-2x
with
equation
=+1 --(2e-e)+c
-í-2*e
=xy+*y
-e*--)+c
dx dt
2
dx dt by equation d=-*
dx dt
dt 2
+PI=Q,
+tx=x
y, is + -+Pt=Q,

is 2
+ dx we (y'+xy) ce*
c +c
get, is
we
de
where
+c
get, we
d
get,
P=x, z=-*
=
dy
BRILLIANT

Q=

DIFFERENTIAL)

EQUNTIONg

..2) .()

LINEARAND

.. Put Dividing
(ii) or Put Let
(1) x=t
dy dt (xy The
becomes,
-2. dy dy y'=-+2
from
+y.
dt dy dx both -*y=r*y' -*y+*y given

-
BERNOULLI'S

txy) -y'e (2), I- 2

t=-y so -*'y=y'
sides
that
differential

1.e 2[ze
2z.e'
dy dt
dhy
d -r-2 by = +Ce 2 2
.".
-ty-y' x, dr = = -(1.e'dz]

d x DIFFERENTIAL

(a'-)e? de
(r'-
we =
equation
dy 2 2[ze'd: =
get, , dz
dy dt
where
2)e
=
is
C=-c
2

+C
-
2)e
2[2e
.x
EQUATIONS

dx
2 -e']=

2(2-

1)e

dtPx=Qr?|

...(2) ...(1)

115
 (i Example3.

(v) (iv)
(i)
2
which
or : 116

d
3x(1l
dy x=2-y'+ce

Srom
Put Let

t.
.. Comparing

is
+y -r*)y² -2 Solve
the -2 e2
solution

xy P=y,
=y' required
(9), e-(1-z)=2
2f:.e'k--al:-fieal--26e'-e')
=Z
I-[-y'e7à
=
= () =e2 t
(r-) xy' so of Q it
-).e2, =-y with
that (2)
solution.

=
+
(2*-1)y'=ax

2
(2-y)+c

-
2.7|1-e e y
is
e
dt
dy 2

--xy = --[y'.e2y
y
+PI=Q,

= dz dy+
(vi)
xy',
c
(y |x|<1 we
log
get,
x-
1)y 2
BRILLIANT

dr
=x y'(a+)

dy.
DIFFERENTIAL.

EQUATIONS

-3)

or
or
.. .. .. Sol. LINEAR
1(-)7-;+e
Put
1 y2 solution
LF. comparing Dividing
()
P=
(1-*)
= dt 2 (1) The AND
y=|
e
2(1-*²)"
d dt becomes
d dy4y2
3 is + given
dx dy both BERNOULLI'S

with
= So sides
- differential
-l-**)+ 2 thaty
dx dt
4 d dt by
(1-*) +Pt=Q,

2
y?,,7d, DIFFERENTIAL

1
equation

4 3
-iog(1-)
3 d
3 -+c--(1-y+e
we dx
+C
is
get, de
EQUATIONS

=x
=
log
3
(1
–x)
-jodae
4

...()
117
 118

.. Put Multiplying
(iii) or or .. .. .". Put Dividing (i)
(1) The
SP
Comparing
solution
(1) y=t, y
y'=t 3 3 The P=2x, dx dt dy
becomes,
becomes
y' d= +2xt=-x
given

dx dy
given
d dy both
-2
both
of xy
T+1 2 given
f2x with -2 sides equation

equation Q=-x
X+1
xy=x =xy
2 sides
dsd,2 3y² d=,
by
equation

d dt d dt
x+1 du by
is + -2xt=x
y, is
dx
y, dx P= we
.t di
(x+
we
(x+1) 1

+
= 1)
c is
Q, dx
get,
x+1 get,
we
or
get,

y2d BRILIANT

dx

dx
DIFFERENTIAL)

EQUATIONS

...)
.()

LINEARAND

Dividing
.:. Put (iv) or . Comparing
comparing

P= (1) y'=t The '(1+x)*=*+

solution
LF.
d dt becomes, 3x 0+**-
r(1 P=
*(1-**) both given
=- 2x-1 x(1-x*)
2x-1
(1-2) +**= =
e' x+1 BERNOULLI'S

2 with
log x(l-x) with sides or J0+*)²
of
given
2x-1 differential

y
3 fl+*)&+c=
|x x

|l-log de dt
by (1
y
d
1+x
equation
elog Q d dt
x(1
-x*) de 2 x+1 +Pt=
+PI= + (l+x)?
d
(2x'-1)y' DIFFERENTIAL

1-2 ax2 -**),

equation
=2
d dt d log
|1
Q,
+
is
= Q,
we
-x|- x(l-x) we (1 |

we (2 is x dt
+x² I
+x= get,
2**-1
get,
x- = +c
get,
ax EUATIONS

(1+x) l)=ax
log log
|

1
e. (1
+x| +
x)

(By

partial

fractions]

..(1)

119
 120

.. or
.". Put Dividing
(v) or
or .. :.
comparing solution LF,
(1) The
P= y 2
becomes,

dr y =
-log
given
=| both
de
sides
ty=y'
equation
of
Q--&-1)
with
or +y=x-1 given
log
x-*')i
2 -2 by (r-1) a equation

d
-
dt 2 a |x²(1-*)(
d
d y, is
+PI=Q,

+(=x-1
d y we
ax

get, 2 1 is
dr dt or
we +)|--;log
dr 1

get, or y'=
+
C + 4BRILLIANT

c
y2 ax+cx*

texvi-r?.

r
dx (1
dt -x*) DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIO%

..0)

i: or .. Put Dividing or (vi) or Or

or
LINEAR

x
comparing
(1)
Pdr P= d y'=1
(y The ye solution
AND
becomes, dx
J log I.e
=- -, dy
both
+y=y' =y
x
given
y=*+1+ce
BERNOULLI'S

logx
with or +y=
sides
log
- differential
y'-*-l+2+e

* of
Q= 1) given
log -x log x y

= d d x
by -y dr
x
log log
+P=Q,
d dt log y, =x equation

DIFFERENTIAL

(r) x +t= d_ x
we y
equation

get,
logx ei* is LF.
dt
we is 2 =
get, or dx
e
EQUATIONS

y2 +
c

dt
+c

(:
(*0)
x> ...(1)
(r>0)

0) 121
 Sol.
Example 122

(ii)
(v) () or .:.
Comparing

Put
Dividing
() .".
The (-y') solution
LF.

LF.=
|Pa=-d
P=-,Q=-

d dt (1)
becomes,
y1,
y?y
both
dx dy given
dx dy
-+logy
dx
,dy 4.
Solve
1.- =

ePdr
with
Lt= sides =
differential
d
+
-y the log
[log
of
given

logx
d dt -logx -y log
2
xy
=log logx following
x -
by -+c
equation

=
+P=Q,
ddt= -2 = x dy 1
x log
y, = 1
logx
-log
dx
dy logx
we
equation
(r)
0 differential

d
x dx
dt
get, y)* + is =
- l0gx is
c ()-!
log we
get,
x (iv) (i) equations
or

y'=log
(r x
dx logx-y)
BRILLIANT

dy dy
:
+y=y´
x+
dx
dt r
d+2xy 1
+cx. DIFFERENTIAL

log
x

dy=0

EQUATIONS

..)

or
I.-=
i.solution .
comparing
or ..
(1)
Put Dividing
(i) or or or or
LINEARAND

The
1
P=-, y=| y²y-l solution
becomes

d' dt d d, both
de given 1
1
x BERNOULLI'S

- is
+y=y'
= L--f(log

sides
(log
Q--.
with Or
differential

2 - (logx)²
is
= 2 1

(log
x).xdr
d log by log (log 2

=- log
d dt log log* xy, x).-d
+ x
x
de
x
equation
r)' x)'
DIFFERENTIAL

log x +
Pt=Q,
we c +
+c c
x
= get, +c
log is
we Or
x get,
EQUATIONS

dx

di

...(1)
123
 124

or or Comparing
Put Dividing
(iii) or or
Or

The
log x solution

| dr (1) y log
y dr y= y y
log (log (log
y
1

x-[*dt
L.E.=ePa
Pdt becomes,
both given
y

is
=
P=
it
with
y)
y

y)
1

log -
(log
1 -jd=-logx sides logy log
x+c
2x differential

-tc
-2
2
dr dy dr dy x
+ 1)
dx + =(logy)*
dt dx by 1

-
1
1 dt I 1
+cx.

+c
+PI=Q,

logr d dt y
y
(log
(logy)
log equation
1 y
1

y)', sAEBRILLIANT

= we 1 we d
logx get, dr dy 1

get,
is
+e
dx dt

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIO%g

LINEAR

Put or or
(v) Comparing
or
Put or
The (v)
y' 2xy
(r-y) solution AND
given .-f-log
LF=
[Par--[a P= (1) y=! 2xy x The
y y (x
| becomes,
log BERNOULLI'S

So dx x-,Q=-1 with+P=Q,
dx
t dx,}=-x x-y+2xy-0
log given

that dr differential

-flog is ePdr
so x-y)
+ (log that differential

2
dr dt
2y xy 2
x)² logx1 =- x
x).a n).a =
log dx
dt dr
dx logx
2,
SDIFFERENTIAL

dy d
equation
+C x logx +
= -log
-

t=-x
dx d 2
xy equation
0
dr dt +c +
c x
we dy
is
= log
dx
d =
logrl get, 0
x
is
EQUATIONS

at

..(1)
...(1)

125
 Sol. Example 126

(vii)
(iii)
Put Dividing
() () ()
or or Comparing
or

The
logy
(+ x+y 5. solution
[Pde=-[d (1)
(1) y
1 given
(r+ dx dy
dx Solve
d dt
becomes,
dx d both
1) +l=
y y_--log I.F=
becomes,

=t +y 1) =-x with
so sides logy-xy
differential

d dy the is eParlog
that log +1=e*-y +l=2e) e) log
following
d: dt
di=e y by
y log -f-y.a+e x
=€ = x
y 1 xy, xy x
+Cx.
+e +Pt=Q,

--=-x
dt
--log
dy e
equation
dx
we
e differential

x
dx dt x
get,
is -log we
get,
if
equations
*
(vi) s
BRILLIANT

dx dy :

= dx
e-(e
DIFFERENTIAL

-e')

EQUATION%

...()

LINEAR

Now or (ii) or or Comparing

Put (i) Comparing

The
proceed
e e'.e-feax solution
I.F. (1) e The
x x x solution
AND

1.e- log log logy

given becomes,
=t dx given
1.ex BERNOULLI'S

d = it so y= y=xe-e

as of with that =* itwith

ePar
(- of
differential
differential

e.edx .
in given
e-j1.e" the
(ii).
dx d 1) dx
dt given

+c equation
= + e* dt =
dx dt
ex dx
y +c +c + log
+PI=Q,
DIFFERENTIAL

equation
+c Pt=Q,
equation
c equation

d x
d dt
is
we +c
is is is we
get,
get, EQUATIONS

P=
1,Q=e

d dy
+
1=

...(1)

127
 128

Comparing
or Put (iv)

(1)
y The
solution P= dx dt =t
Pá becomes,

dx
given

= 2 it so
with =
1
of -2|d-2
that differential

the Xy-e

dx equation
X
y

eogr2
dx dt 2 1 dx dy
dx dt
2e +P=Q, 2
dx „2
equation

2 1
+ 1
is logx- 1
dx dt
cisiBRILLIANT

C =
x=
+C we or is
log get,
r
2 1

dx dy

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg

..2)

LINEAR

Comparing
Put or or Put
(vi) ()
AND
The solution
I.F. P= (1) e=t (*+ (*+ The from
dx dy dy dy dx
(*+1)e-[2
t.
(r+ =
becomes,
dx
1) (2),
BERNOULLI'S

te given
e
r+1
1 it so 1)+|= given

1)=(+ with dy
differential
of that
+l=2e'
differential
y
the 1

Q= that

de
given -log dx dt d dt e'
+c X + dr 4 2
3
DIFFERENTIAL

equation
equation
(x+) = + 2 Pt=
1,2
x equation
2

log
1
dx dt + 2
1
1
1
1)dr = (x Q, +C

is x+
+ we
or
is
is
or + 1) get, EQUATIONS

c 1

(x+ e'
(x+

2+.= 1) 1)+e=2
e-2tc.
dx
dx d

129
...()
 130

Or .. Put Multiplying
(vi) is
Comparing
Put
()becomes,
the
(x+ e=
e (xt The required from Put Let solution

LF, P=e,Q=
()
becomes,
=|
)ee both
I)
given
(2), .e = it so
d ez ePar
or
d sides
equation
solution.

. -z-i-
-z.e'd: - of
given
with that

(r+ +| so e.edt
e
=ey that dr dt di
l) by =(e- equation
dy
+P=Q, +te=r
de = is
e, = e
d (: dr dt
we or )
- z.e'-f1.e'
= +
e+c I)e- is
get, d: c we
(r+
get,
(e-))e

BRILLIANT

d:

DIFFERENTIAL

(taking

xtl0)
EQUAT

...)

Sol.

JPdr

P-2
Comparing

or Put or
The

given
Example

6. e'(rt
.
solution

(rd-d
.
comparing
LINEA.R

AND,
JPog
-- d
ditlerential

d
+y
Solve

it -2t difterential
+y BERNOULLI'S

2tan
tan with the l) of
x,
tan2

equation
so
tan
x=y
tan
differential
=e+c given
.=plog
, with
that x=y
x Q2sec 2 tan
1 Q
cos' d equation
d
+Pt=Q.
dt equation

de
t e dt
x = sec sec (x+1)
e DIFFERENTIAL

2 sec (1) 2 sec +

cos log becomes
ddt
x
x. equation
(x log P=Q,
x
is is
x + (r
cos we -x+1
x 1) +
d
r= get dt )
we
+ get, EQUATIONS

log 2 c
cos dt
+

x tan

x=

Sec

(J.U.

2015)
...(1)

131
 Sol. Example
132

Let
Comparing .. or The or

-
Dividing
Put Or or
solution
(1) sec'y given
SP
P=2x,
becomes,
tan cos
7. solution
fret-fr'xa Solve cos t-cos*

dr=
y sy both
+x
of (2)
= d
differential

cos
t x
(2) S2 Q= with so +2x dr sides sin the = x
is x de dt that 2y=r differential
-2y*
x=-2
= of
given
d tany
d +2tx=
2
by cquation
sec*y
sin cos“y, +r (-2
+Px=Q.
= cos*y cos*y
sin sin
differential

r y sin sec
cos x+ey.
2y x+c
d
equation

we
y is = x)-
get,
we cos equation

cos
get, x
y. dte
is BRILLLANT

DIFFERENTLAL,

(J.U. EQUATION

...3) ..Q) 2016)

...)

Sol. Example
LINEAR

Put Multiplying
or or or or
or The which
: Put
from AND
given
8. tan
dt diflerential
yt 2y d 2xy (x Solve is
y
tan r
the
y.
BERNOULLI'S

both
log ditterential
= (3).
2x required

x-y') 2
so h
(r ;(-)
er'-)ee
dz so
- that
2 log = I.
log
equation sides y
x 2xy
r
log - log
e
that

x 2y by 2y
log (r
dr equation x- solution.
-r'-)e+c
2x r-y) logr-y*)
2x DIFFERENTIAL

log 2 x +
2ry
y) +ce-r*
(1) y, dr
becomes
x
we d =
is
get
d +2 d:
d =0 xy
d= EQUATIONS

0.

[:
t=tan

...(2) ...()
133
y]
 Sol. Example

Put
The which
or 134
y=t or or
equation
de dt 2
given
9.
2+
Comparing

y (2 Solve
is
x dx dy log y'=-* t-fclog
log so differential
solution
solution

P=
x
(1) that
x x x) J
-•! becomes
log
log
de (2
log
--( Pdr -.Q=-ogx
it
= 2y x x (log
of of with

log COS - =
equation x) given (log (log differential

d
dy y x)* log
x-l
x log COS cOS de
X log -cos differential
x)
).dr+c
dt
+c x).d
dt dt x X x x +c*
+Pt=Q,

x, is
equation
=-
x>0

COS
equation.
+e d
+c log
x, 1 x= we
x>0.
(2) get
log
is
x
BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIAL

(J.U.

...2)
...) 201I)
EQUATIO%g

Sol. Example

Put or
or
The which
LINEARAND
or
Comparing
given
10.
y y-3 y
dy (2
1 (2 is
sin
Solve
solution
y y tlog solution

dr dy sin P=
=t dx
differential

log log S
P BERNOULLI'S

so 2
2
sin
coS
x) x) the x x x|| x it
CosN

d d = log

of = =
that sinx with
2 cOS
x x differential of
2 sin +y +y sin
differential
elog x
dx
given
logcoSx
x x cosx=y'
equation
cosx=y' x+c cos
(log Q= dy dt
y-sin
y
x -+Pl=Q,
S
equations. x jdog x) COS
I
DIFFERENTIAL

y log
equation
de =
2 sin 2 sin + eguation
1ogx x x
d x sinx
is
sinx.
c ) de
+
x d* c we
d dt +e log get
x (2) X-
x EQUATIONS

is de
=
log
(log

x)

(J.U.

2012)
...(2) ...(1)

135
 Sol. Example
136

Dividing
The which or or Comparing
or
JPa-
|P
given
y-2 11.
is
d
=
solution differential
P=
both Solve y Sin dt -ld
d differential
solution

sin
sin 2
1

x 1 log -| it dy
+y' x
s
sides
d d d dy the =(-sin
of (sin sin
sin with sin COS

=-xt
+y +y different
of differential
x x x x 2
cos by x)" cos
equation

cos cos given dx sin

x= y,
equation

de Q=- dt t

x=y x=y c = = +Pt=Q, =-sin x

sin we
get,
equation
differential

x)d+c (sin -log sin (2)

2x sin is sin equation
x
sin x)l= x

2r 2x
x
de
+c sin sin
2 becomes

x we
is equation

(3) sin = get x

x log
is
(sin BRILLIANT

(1).

x)"

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIO

...0

Example

(ii) LINEAR
() () Put Comparing
Put
dy=y´r
d dy d dy 12. from

+y Solve
Let
te Le
solution
LF.
[P=}(-cosx)

dt (1)
y'=I, AND

2 -sin sin Sin Sin*

y cos (2),
x=
= P=-coS

-(cos
Becomes,
BERNOULLI'S

tan =- = I=en*
Pát itwith
r the =2(|+
required

- = is
x =y" (sinx+ -ze 2, |(-sin
-2[ersin*
+y' following x).=-sin

cos =eSinr
x,
sin .. Q d dt
-y-2
x tan' sin solution

=-
2r 1)
cos sin Su 2r).eSind
dr +P=Q, de dt
=
DIFFERENTIAL

x x) x
e sin +t
-
differential
e
- x
cos sin de
2x
Sin
is Sin de=
x x + sin 2x cos
de dt

(vi)
(iv) (ii)
+c
x x
-* d
d
cos

x
c x
we
x=

sin
or
+ get,

cos
equations

-
-e=-(z+
dt
+
c 2x y2
EQUATIONS

dx dy dr dy C
x
+2y
dy 1+x tan
=y
y tanx=y*

(sin dt
=(1
l)
x e
-y) +)
d. e*
secy

...(2)

137
 Sol. 138

Put or (in) or or Or .. .. or Put Dividing ()

The
(1)
The y"el-n)
yn solution
SP P=(1-
comparing

de dt (1) y"
y² 1
dx dy l-n(-n) Lel-n)
,-n dr dy
given
d
becomes,
becomes,
given
+2 +(l- dx +y
di dy '0-n)
=(1
dx dy both

so
y
tanx differential Sinx
is =t + cos equation

that 2 x-n) -
n) with
n)
1-n cosx.y"
sides

tan cos 1
or x
=y
sin sin sin =f2(1 n) cos
x sin x, by
y² x de di x. |-n d d (1 y"
dx dt
dt dy
1
=1
equation |-n |-n
x,
Q=2(1-
-+PI=Q,
I=2(1 - y,we
sin is
-2t -n) dr d n)
2r
tanx dx de
y
= get,
sin +
e-e'l*e -n) coS sin
is rx
cos n) we x.=sin2x
2x
1
sin sin
sin get,
x
[i-n)
where
x
e" x
x
cos
d
coS
-n) x
BRILLIANT

sin z sin -
l-n)sin
x

=(l x
x d

1]+
- t DIFFERENTIAL

n) c
x
c. sin
x

EQUNTIONg
E

...(1)

LINEAR

or ** .i. .* or .. Put Dividing or (ii) or Comparing

y'see'r solution comparing

(1)
P y=t y? d d
The solution
AND

dr2
becomes,
(Pdr
both given y
+2 -2y LE.=ePa

Lcos
BERNOULLI'S

1.cos'
of 2y it
tanx.
or -2y' sides =
equation
plog
with
tan tan equation of with
tan x=y x x-ja+ x given
-2
(cos t }r by =|1.cosx
3 x
d d tan ty tan dt
is dr +P=
y equation =elog
DIFFERENTIAL

x)2 =-2 x , tan is x +PI=Q,

+
C.
tan“x
= we
tan'x
dr=
.sec'x=-
tan x cos cos
= log Q,
2 dr dt get, 2
(cosx
tan
2x) dt is
log
|

cos we x.t=
i.e., +c = we
dx cos cos
)
get, get,
x +
" |

y2 x= EQUATIONS

tan = =- P=2
tan“x c P=-2tan

log
Cosr log
x tan cos*
see cos*
x, x
= x= dt x,
x sec“x

d+c
Q=-tan“
Q
log =
1

(cos

x
x)

...()
139
 140

Put Dividing
(v) or .. .. Put Dividing
(v)
The
(1)
comparing
(1) siny=i The
d| y solution
P= Cos

--dt becomes,

=|
y² 1
both
dx given
sin

x
. LF.
=
becomes,

y
dr dy
given
dr dy both
so
1y
+y=y'r
differential
- 1
elog 1+x 1+x tan

that
sides
Je'dt of 1

with
sides
y differential

or
the
by
(r
d dt
1+x sin =
cos d,-t y²
dx
1 cosx
+
given
+1) Q=(1
dt
Cos y by (|
xy, +x)
x dt dy equation
c
equation
= d 1+I(1+x)e* y =(1
secy,

cos elog(r+1) +PI=

equation

we Or
=-log
+x) x d: +x) e"
x we sec
dx get, e
dt e get,
cos is 1

is (1 Q, d y

+x) we is
x sin
dx =
x get,
+ (r+
C
p* BRILLIANT

1)-
+
C. =
1
DIFFEF

FERENTIAL.

EQUNTON

...)

LINEAR

Comparing
Put Dividing
or or
(v) Comparing

solution | The AND

L.E- Pdr dr dt 1
COS

cos
solution
LF.= [Pdr
COS P= both given
- =I dy x xy y BERNOULLI'S

it xy =-Jd=-
x
I

X
of
ePdr
tan
tan
With
tan
so dy dy y L--[x
e'Pa it
-J(- given
x
x, r=- that
tan
sides

-y =y differential
=-x
-- -f-os
of
equation
with

see
dr Q

=-sec by sin (sin [zcosx ds dt

equation
=- Sec
y² x
=- x=-y
Sin
sin
log +P=Q,
1 y x x- logrl + DIFFERENTIAL

x dr dy -y)
x). (cos log secx cos equation x
- is log P=Q,

x
r=
COSx

r)
cos x, dr
COS

(1.sin dz 1).
is dt we +C

x
we
X

+ log we
= = get, is C. dx
(cosr)-! log get
or
xde]
+
C
x! get,
EQUATIONS

(cos
+
cOS
c
r)
P--o--*e
x
cOSX

d
*y
sin
x
-y coS

...(1)

141
 Sol. Example
Sol. Example
142

The or i:
.. Or .. or Put or The

given
y'e=2a solution comparing
(1) y y given
14. tebx=(2a y=t y 13.
P dy dx dy
sin sin Solve
becomes,
d dy
Solve
y
cos
y 1

differential dr +by + equation cosX

y y
of =2 2 by 1 X
1

d-=
1
or
the 4b
given
bx with dx dt = d= y =
= different
2a =2bx
2y a is dy sin
tan -[sec
cos
equation
cos +1 46 cos equation
d dt 2 1 cos a + x+c

y y (2b xe?0* d +2bt

d: dt dx dy cos by x
(1-x
(1-x +1 +
x +
equation
+bt=
x cos C
x
cosx+
(2b
Pt=Q,
dx d= dr
is dt
is cos x
+
cos de =2acOS

a a where

cos + cos
y)
y) c we cos
:
sin x+
x x c
get,
x)
x dr. =-C.
+cer2bx
sin
x) P=2b, BRILLANT

e0*+e

Q=2 )
DIFFERENTIAL

a
cos

EQUATI

...(1)

LINEAR

or Put
or
Put Dividing

which or or Or Comparing

solution

d dt
above
-z-2 z=| dx dz
dxz=z
(1) -
sin
cosy AND

is te-[(-)edr dt d+l=x both +z=x

becomes
=z BERNOULLI'S

te=xe-e y
required
Sec
COS
te=xe+e+c

te -t
=-x
equation

do dz
with
I=xt sides (1
y

=x+1+ce
=x+ =X+1
of -xz)
(2) dx de de dz
solution.

is +Pt=Q,
becomes by
1 l+ce I

+ce t z, or DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS

ce we sin
get, y
-x+c

we dx
:

dx
+
get, d
or
c
P
=-1,Q
de dt
te--xe"àt

=-x

+
c

(:
z=cos
...(2) 143

y]
 Sol. Example
144

or
is Put Let Comparing

the Put Dividing

The

required
from solution
[Pdr tany=t given
LF. P=2 (1) 15.
tan'y
becomes,
1+y 1+ dr dy
(2),
e'-e')-e-ye'
=zso
= =2 x, it
1
y
1
both + differential

dy
Solve

solution.
-u'-)+ce tany.er“, I e Q=* (2x dy
of [*dr with
dx dy dx sides
2 that -f*dr-x².e*. given Pdr + the
so + +
tan'y-)(|
(2x
x equation
= d dt
dx dt that
2x 2x by
differential

x? equation tan'y-*)(|
dr +Pt=Q,
+2tx tan tany 1
dx 1+y"
= +y,
2
a-)ete +
de c is
,2 y=x*
-= we +y) is
equation

x* we
dx dy
get,

-'-)e .x
get, =0 +y)
dx dt 0
dr
=0.
BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIAL

LEQUATIO%

E
...2)

Proof. functions
M 4.2. differential
Illustrations
and
Assume Necessary
M
be 4.1.
Find
(ii) dr exact
() N (i) The Exact
M But ofx are +N
+ EXACT
M Necessary
the sin
dx equation
The
xdy x x dy if
equation

+
d M andy)
functions
necessary
xcosy x
dy dy
-
dy-=0
+ differential
:

=
N N
dr+
and +y +y M
Differential

ydt du,
dy dy= may d

N Condition
y as d dr M
=
Sufficient
t
dy=0 of and +cos =0
where

Ju du, be x d N
dt DIFFERENTIAL

where
exact.
and
sufficient
equation

is
(ry)
is dy
+
u
d
x an an N Equation

+ is y sin exact exact

is is
dy
exact.
ay with
Condition
a
function the
-dy u y =0
is
condition d= sin differential differential
exact
(where

145
function the
condition d x
cos
(sin of differential

that x y x M
ofx and and
cos dy equation equation

the y.
and that
)
+ N
equation
cos are
y. of
M, ECQUATIONS

x as as a functions

N, sin
function

OM
M y
dx dt
N + ofx
Ndy
= of
are 0 x
and
and
continuous

= is
0 an y),
(where y.,
exact
is
said
ie.,

if to
 From Integrating
.. .
But 146
M Also
where
Let We Assume
bi
(ii)) But
from
dx (2)
Equating
Equating
N= have
+
Condition

and integration

N ôy du (3), dy
dy both
to that
OM
au Oy OM
(4),
+a dx
= ON
OM OM
prove coeffs. coeffs.

we function
sides Jy OM
dx dy is ON
get,
dy
d d dx auihON ON
dy
is that
sufficient

ôx
+y +|
w.r.t.
oy
Ou
performed

ax ON
which of of
dx dy
dy M d
of x, (given)

or ax ON on
y dx on
regarding
is both
M= + both
or or on N
the
+f() ax
N=
and
the dy
required

dy
au sides,
sides,

=0
dy
y y a'uau
supposition

ax
dy du as dx is N= M=
constant,
exact.
necessary
öy
+f), dx
and dy
\oy) dx
BRILLIANT

ôy that
oy
(say) condition. au
(Assumption y Ox
is
constant. are
DIFFERENTIAL

given

to
be
continuous

EQUATION
...4)
...3) ...2)
..()

Dol. b Example
Cxact y Note y
constant
constant
Note
ILLUSTRATIVE
The Proof:
[Mdr Cor. ExACT
which
and 2. 1. and
(2xy° given
hence,
(2xy° 1.
Verify
+
The
y
from
f(v)
But Integrating

The
Ifthe . chich

r
If Jterms is constant
u M condition

M DIFFERENTIAL

differential
equation

the = utJf) dr+ condition M

+y +y there |Mdx (6), = y
given
d is
an dr
find that required terms
both + +
N
constant

cos cos we N exact

in dy equation
is N
its the is M + get,
d=
x) complete x) N in dy
sIdes,
= is
sufficient. y

=0 LEQUATIONS
equation equation
no not dk solution.
(terms N 0 satisfied,
differential

dt dr not =c du
+(3 +(3 term containing
+
N containingx
we
is
is
exact. I" +f())
get,
xy+sin
solution.
xy+sin dy=0 in
is N du solve
)dy
is
not +f(y) dy
N x) the is
is containing
an
x)
Check independent
dy exact
exact
x) = dhy
equation

dy dy c. =
=
0
your = EXAMPLEST if 0 differential

0. Öy
OM x)
answer.
dy M

=c de
of ON +

x, N as
then
and dy f(y)
=
then 0

dy
the
the
=
d
solution
solution
(ff)
[: [: [::
-..(1) of(1)]
of of ...(5)
(4)] .(6)
(5)] y}] 147
is is
 Sol. Example

Check
Comparing
(cos The
which
or
or or

OM
x given
2. 2xy' :
or Or or 148
ôy M= cos (cos Solve
(2xy° (3xy+sin
(3xy+sin
Differentiating Or
is xy+y
Since
Now

-cot 2y
equation Comparing
y
2y°
differential

cos it x +3x? y
constant given
y
with constant

cos x cos the +y OM

M=
coS JM
x
siny y
M
d
x)
dt- -
y

cot
differential

(1).
cos
x)
y2
sin +y
Jxd&+y (2xy° equation

Oy OM
2xy'
-cot
+
equation
x) x) d (2)
d
Ox
it
dy +y x sin ON with
and N
(sin x) de =c
x
+y +| =6xy
+y
x, dy x dt + = w.r.t.

=c fcos (terms is
- cos
=-(2xy'+y
equation
(3xy+sin cos M
-(2 exact
Ox ON_ N = sin is (sinx x,
cosx,
de
0, we x x) +
=- -Snx
we y) xy' +
d in and
cos +
dhy sin
get
de N= N
cos
get =0. sin
+y r. =
c +
0=c
N
,x dy
not its
x Sin y) cos ON 3xy+ =0,
x) cos containing
solution

sin dy
yitte
dy = we
= = x)
x)
0
0 de is
6xy+ get
ge.h sin
) x BRILLIANT

dy=e cos
x
DIFFERENTIALI

,EQUNTION
..2)

Sol. Example

Comparing
The or Cal and Example
Since
Now Comparing hence EXACT.
M= The or
(-2 given
4.
Solve
x 2 y
contant
given
or

y'-2y, sin (sin given solve

3. DIFFERENTIAL
differential
OM
it cos y
with y) 3y 3y) M equation
ON
dy OM
ditterential
Show (cos
constant
y given

=c
M=2xsin
it.
constant
ay OM

de
(y-2 dx it
with
y
sin (cos
|xdr + =6x =6x that M equation

N= M +(3 x-
x dr ON
dr xy' equation
y) +
(terms
is
exact
cos cos Mdx the
log cos +
3xy'+4
+ 0 3y 3y,
equation EQUATIONS

N dx = 3y
differential

y
-
|

+ sin (terms is
dy +4 +
(3 c in and N N exact

N x= cot
=0, y'-2) is x dy
not its 3 is x) in
y'-2x we
y
x* =0, c. and

+4
containing
solution

cos 2x equation
de N
we +0 not its
get y'-2 sin
dy 3y get, = containing
solution

= is
3y c
0 2

x) dx x
x) sin
+ is
dy dy 3x*cos
3y
=0. = x)
c dx dy
+ =
c
3y 3

x
dy
cos
0
3y

(J.U.
dy

2013) is
exact
149
 Sol. Example

or
150
Since
Now Comparing
() (i) () or
i. y Now
y y given
The constant

constant
constant
(3r+8xy-3y'-5)
(3x+4 5. x(y'-2 |(o-2 given
3 given Solve OM
[(3x öy OM
ON OM
ôy
equation
dy OM
M

dx M=3+4
with -2 differential
ôy

+2xy +4xy) +
|(terms
x ON
=4x+
=0+4
differential

xy)
y) y)
()+ y) @x ON -
is M d+ +y d
3
exact 0=4x x=4x d+N y²-2,
+
+y' ax xy, equation
(2x+2 =c. 4 equation

+ in (terms
= =c
|2ydy N
and
N
dy=0,
d: =C

c. not =2r+2y
+
Ox ON
its y)
containingx)
solution

we is
(4x-6xy

dy
in is
exact
=
N 3y'-2
=
c get, (3 = not
0.
x+4 containing and
is
+3y"
its
dy xy) solution
BRILLIANT

= +6)
c dt x
+ )

(2x+2 dy d=c is
= DIFFERENTIALI
0

y)
dy
=
0
EOUNTION

Sol. Example

Since EXACT
Now M=+xy² Comparing
The (+y'-a')xdr or

OM (r+*y
given
6. or
Comparing
(i) rDIFFERENTIAL,

OM (r+y²-a')x y y given
@y Solve constant
constant ay OM
Oy aM (3x+8x
The
differential
=2xy, with C=
equation
( given
Ox ON the (3r+8xy-3y' 8x- M= itt
Mdx ON
-a'x, Ox
M differential +4x'y-3xy²-5x+y
with y-3y"
d -a' 6y 3x+8xy
differential

ax ON +
equation
+ +| is M
EQUATIONS

x) and
-
=2xy
N=*y-y' N
dy
dt
dr
+
(x-y'
(terms
exact
dx
+
-
S)dr
+ (r'-y' equation.
ON
N
=0, and
(r'y- equation
is
in -= -3y'-5,N=
d=0,

- -5) +
we b)ydy
Nnot its 8x- (4x-6xy

get y
- d

+ containing
solution

we is
-b*y
- b)y
=
+6y=c
(3y²+6)
6y have

b'y) 0
is 4x-6xy+3y

+3y
dy
=
1 x)
dy +6)
=0 4y
= = dy
c c
=
0
+6
=C

151
 Sol.
(ii) or or
Example

or
(iv) 152
(ii)
(i) )
Comparing
The
(r-2xy+3y')
()
given
d's-ty-
dx-2y-y'r
y
constant
y
constant
given
Jy M dy OM The
or
.
f(a-2xy
Mdr equation
.=-2x- M=-2
(a-2xy-y')

given
dx h_x-2,y+5

(- (-2 (a-2 7.
Solve 4
y
constant
y
constant
given

differential
ôx ON
it 2x+y-l ay) J(at*y²
xy+ xy-y') JMdt equation

2
+J with differential

d= the 2
(terms
2y xy
is
-y, M +
following

dr exact (ax-y') 3y)

3 -y') =-2(x
dx is
+(4y'
equation

in
d- dt-
|(terms
exact

c.
N
+N equation d 2 -a'*)
de and (r+ + (*
+ not dy
differential
and
+6xy
is its + dy. (4 +y) in
[-'ày containing
y), =0, y)' y' +
4 N
solution

d is +6xy (-y'-)=c its

-*) ON
we =
d
not solution

dx
N=-(r get,
0 =0 equations
2
containing

dy = x)
is =-2( -*)
issteeses
c dy
=0 =0
= +ty) BRILLIANT

c +
:

y)
x)d

=o
DIFFERENTIAL

)
..) EQUATIONg

-.(1)

or (iv) Since

(*-2y Given
Comparing

or or (i) or or
ExACT
y y given
constant
constant Comparing rDIFFERENTIAL
(r-ay)
OM
dy M (a- The y yconstant OM
Jx-ay)
|Mdr M=*-ay,
3 Constant
oiven
ay aM
+5) equation equation -ay) given .-xy M=*-2xy

it ay) [Már+
=-2
d_x-2y with r-2xy+ equation
ON
JN
dr d
Ox
+ a. itv
-(2r
d: dt
- dt differential

x
2x+y-1 is (terms
is [Mar (y'-
+
(ax-y) =
(ax-y)
+3x
ftems +6),
with

at exact
N is EQUATIONS

y M
M
+y-1) + =y'-ax exact +3y²,
d
|yáy in ax) +
+5 and + equation
3y'Jar in +N
N [Nd-0, dy=0 dy
y* and
not its dy Ox ON
dy =c =0 =c. not N=4y
dy=0,

containing
solution
its
=0 is
+ containing
solution
=6y-2x

we
f4y' we
+6xy
is get, get,

x) is
3
-ayr dy =c x)dy=c

= -*
c
e
+. 2

tsthe
=
C

...(1)

153
 Example 154
Sol.

or or y
constant
Comparing

() (ii) (i) () y
constant
Comparing

The
(1 (1 y |M given OM_ OM
x (5+3 (2xy x 8. x-y-4xy *2xy y
Equation

oy OM
ôy
OM
Constant
2 constant
+x)(1+y)
+y' .=2xy, M=x (1 given (1+y' Solve M
J d+ +y' J
M =-2,
=x-
)x+y'=2c
*(0+y')
equation

oN it (-2y+5) ôN (1)
dr Ox
f (1 with )
differential

xy-2
+xy'
) the (1) with
+ty'),
(terms
d +
dr following +5x-+y=c
is ax
2y
is ax ON M +y + +y +
(terms
exact
+
M
3 5,
= dr exact dx+N
in (1 10t dt
.=2xy
xy') y) (1 de
-
1 N=-(2x
+2 +Jyj N N=y tx*)
equation

+
not and
dr +*) differential
2
ofN
and
N
c=C,
(l dy dr +
(2
2y o-Ddy-e
its
dy=0,
containing

its +x) =0,

dy +
(2xy-3 'y+*y+ dy =c'. not solution

=cor is +y-
say.
solution
=0 = containing
we 0
we
equations

get, 1) get
(I x) is
is
+y')c dy BRILLIANT

3
= -5y)
x) :
x)
c dy
dhy 393s
= =csia!

dy= 0 DIFFERENTIAL

2
0.

novt

EQUATIOg

.0)

or EXACT
Since Comparing

(iü))
or
Since
s*3y2y y
constant
y given
(5x+3*y-2xy')
The
Comparing
()
Constant
OM OM 4xy+3 y y given
DIFFERENTIAL

dy M=5*+3x*y'-2xy',
constant constant
OM
OM-6x+2xy+3, (2txy'
[Máe dy The
J(x equation
-=6x*y- given
(2xy M=2xy'+xy'

it equation
given
with Md it
+3r'y² + differential

x*y+ with
*-j+*y-*y-e.

fterms + differential

is
exact
6xy', M + (terms is + EQUATIONS

a+ 18xy= xyf exact

M

-
3
+3xy
equation
dx y)
in and
N + +
2 2xy')dt
N
ON
de 3y) in and +3y,
N
d
equation

not
-=6x*y- dy + C, = N +
its (2*'y-3 not dy (2y+*y+3x)

solution
N =0, where C dt its
N =0,
=
containingx)

5 is containing
solution
=
= we =6xy+2
2xy+*y+3x

+ 2
c we is
xy- get, C
(-sy") 6xy' get,
is *y-5y)
=6 is
3
x*y-5y
c. x)
dy dy xy
=
c = +3 dy
= dhy
c
=
c 0
=
0

155
 Sol. Example
156

or y
constant
Comparing

or (i)
Since Comparing ()The (i) ()
OM (1+6
3y given
OM
(3 The (3+6xy) 9.
M=3y'-, (1 y y gIven
(3
M xy²-*)
+6y'-3
constant Constant

OM x+6xy) given
Solve

fx d+ equation
=6x given dy dy M M=3+ y-3*y)
Mát equation

d-f
(terms y,
it
with differential
= it
with
differential
the
12
d + xy»
following

M x'y)
is + (terms is 6xy', M d dt
dr-S(1 exact
Jx aN dx (3xy-1-6y')

in
+
exact
dr+ +(6y+4y)
dx dy +
-(y+2y')
N
N=3x'y-1
ON
equation
(6xy
=6y
N equation

not and =3xy'

3 in N N =3 differential

+6y)
containing
dy
=0, N
and
= =6xy dy xy'
its 12 +
solution not its xy.
=0,
is 4y’)
we is containing
solution

dy -6y we
=c. get, +4y dy
equations

= dy get, dy
c
x) is = =0 =0
0
is
dy BRILLIANT

=c x) :

dy
=
c
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIO%

..)

Sol. ExampleExACT.
Since Comparing

(i) Since

y y given The
Comparing

() aa
Constant Constant

OM
(r-4xy y y given (5x+6xy-8xy) The DIFFERENTIAL

f*²-4xy
Md equation
OM dy
M
given
constant constant

JM
M M given
(- (5x+

=-4x-4y,=-4y-4x
=x*-4xy-2y', it (sx Mdr equation
4
Solve
it
ON with differential
= with
xy-2y)
6*y
+ -2y) *-+2ry-4*y- ON
5x* differential

|(terms
+ + 12 the
M
-
,EQUATIONS

is 6x*y- J(terms x'y-24

+

,-
following
is
- exact
d dr exact
6xy Mdt+
8
2y²)àr ON + + equation
d xy')
Ndy
in and (y'-4xy-2
in and
equation +(y-4
8ry,
Nnot N 8xy') d dt
+ its =y}-4xy-2x =0,
N
its
[N + +
differential

not N (4y-
[yay containingx)
solution

we
is
dr
containing
solution N

12xy-24
=4*'y- –
dy
0,
(4
xy is
xy
get, +
c. we - -2
=c
equations
[-sy*)áy
is xr) is
12x²y-5y)
12*}-sy)

12*'y'
get,
dy )

x) dy
=0
dy
=
c
dy
=
c
xy
-
5y
=0. :

=
c dy dy=
=
0 0

(J.U.

2014,

2015)

157
 Sol. Example
158
y on and
Constant.
Comparing
or or The or or
y
given
constant
ON OM
M
Mdx
equation
=0-
.
=0+a
M=xt+ x
dt
x
d
given
11. *-6xy-6xy

3 3
Solve

N + +y equation
it y -2x*y- -4y-2y'r
+ with
dy
J
a dy
= = x
(terms
is
exact
(+y').1-x.2xa(-y')
(y').1-y.2y_a

+y
ay M dx 2
a' is +y 2xy'
dt (*²+y') dt a'x x+y
in and
+ (x dy +y'
+ N
y N
not its
N=Y2+y dy
dy

-y = =C, +-c
dy solution = a 3
containing
0, do) (xay- where
=c' we
*+y
ay
a get,
is
(r'+y')2
x y
C
=3
x)
y
(r'+y')? dy
d d) c.
=0 BRILLIANT

= a-)
c'

DIFFERENTIAL]

EQUATIONG

Sol. Example
Since EXACTDIFFERENTIAI:
Comparing
or
The or or or
y y given
constant constant

OM_ON x x
given
x 12.
dy ON
y OM_
M dt de dt 2+t 2 [x
|M equation

+y
+y'+2

dr = =X with ty differential
ty Solve
dt
0+ 0-+y)1-y.2y
dy dy dy +
+ the 2 ay
|(terms
x? M + + + a a 1
is following
tan
exact
+ dx x tan=c,
tan
y EQUATIONS

+ (*'+y²)?
+ dy dy
-I
constant
(x y X
equation

y“).1
N + - +y2 - -1
|
in and +y²)?
dy y*2 yd y
,N X
N dx =2
not its
solution
-
x.2x
=y =
0,
-=0
is
differential

e'
*“+
1

we where 2 2
containing t
y2 a

2
x+
get,b"to

equation

c=2
is y" |dy= dx
(x+y) (x+y
x) = y

y
0 0 c'. dy
=
c' ='

159
 Example
Sol. Example
Sol. 160

or or
The which or
or Comparing
or The Show Or

y (ax
given
14.
represents
ax+2hxy

ax aJ constant
given
OM OM de dy given
that
13. x-2
Jxar
2 M= 2
differential
Solve
2 x = + Solve
-tanc
differential
this
+ dr M equation
ON h, ax+ it
hy+g)
ax+
tan+=

-y
hx+by+f

(hy + dx with differential

y
a (hy +J hy+g, dx dy y
family + + hy+8 constant

+ (terms M
equation
by g) is d

x g)J exact dr +
equation

+ + (hx+by+)
hx+by ax
of +2 ON equation c,
conics.
2 by dt in and
N=hx+ N
+h where
gx+2fy
N = dy
is + not h =0, is
+íy=c
b its + +
J containing
solution

we
represents

8
aJya
+C=0 ya by get, dy=0 2c'.

+f! is
+f
where
x)
dy
a
family =e BRILLIANT

dy=c
=c
C=-2c of I
conics. DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION%

...()
..)

Sol. Example

ExACT
Comparing
() (ii) or
(ii) )
The
y
Comparing
-
(+y'te) (+y+eé) 15. y constant
given
ôy M JN aM pIFFERENTIAL

given constant

M
Solve
[M
M it
differential
1 dx
equation
ax ON
0+
with
=2 =*+'+e,
the =c + with

y, following
J.
M d d (terms
is M
EQUATIONS

d+N + +2xy exact d

2
xy equation

dr in
+
differential Ndy
N=2 +0=c N and
dy dy dy or
not
= =0. its =0,
=0, 0
xy is containing
solution

we x+y
we
equations

get, or
get,

e' x)
is

:
c. dy
M=1+

=c
y
constant
e,

161
 or
Since
162
Comparing

3
y or
constant
y given (i) or
constant
Since

The
+
y OM

ON y y
ye' Már dx given
dy M
equation
contstant
given constant

M-+e7N=J
=c
+
ON
--)-(-; it
with J(r [Mdt
equation dy
M_ON

1 differential
J(terms
is +y'
exact
M +
dx+N f(terms
+e)ar= is
in and exact
equation
Nnot
its dy
or solution in and
containing
=0, Nnot
c
is its
we solution
3 containingx)

is get,

1= x)
y is
=
BRILLIANT.

C c
dy
=
c
DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION

Sol. Example

Since
Comparing
The (-2xy'

y given (r-2xy'
given
Since
*s
constant 16. Comparing
(i) TDIFFERENTIA,

dy
OM
Oy OM ety? Jety? y y given

M
constant
constant
Solve
Md equation differential OM The
=x-2 it Mdr
ON oy M
.-4xy with
+y') +x-y equation M given
+
Ox ON
+y') the Öx ON
=2rp. = = it
dr y.e*y'
|(terms
is
exact +4y,=-4xy xy' M dt equation
-
(2x*y-4
differential
+(erms

is ety?
ye*) with
differential

d+ -
EQUATIONS

=c
.
exact
M

+y, (2x*y-4xy'

dx
+
in N -y
Nnot
and
N=-2x*y
dy is xy+
equation 3c in and
+e*y'
2xy 4x,N
N
+
cquation

its =0, N
its +
dy
solution
not e*y".2y =
containing
we
get, + sin containing
solution

.
2y
=2xye*
0,
we
get,
is

sin y)
is +4y +4 dy is =
*) xy' y)
dy=0 =
2ye*y*
+0 y*
0. x) = -3y
y= - = dy
2ye*y"

sin c =
c (xy'+
y
c

(xy²
l)

+1)

163
 Sol. Example

164
Now Comparing

x The
(sin or
y y
sin Constant
given
OM
Constant

ôy M= given
y y) OM 17.
ôy sin y
-y (*) |M differential
Solve cons
sin y differential

cos +y dt ôx it + -2y+y'*
tant
Jx-2xy²

in coS y+y with y

x (- +
+ cos
y y sin.
sin -ý
+y
|

log (terms
equation sin M 2
sin dt+ y
x)
(r + sin x,
x+-,N= equation

+ +xy-
y)
log Jdaj,-e in y
=c. N +y*)ár
N ON sin
x
+ not
is
exact
dy
=0, is
*x * cos cos
logy xcos
containing
COS
y y
we
and = = +
= y
y get c. C
+ -cos
c
its Sin sin
y
x)
solution

x cos dy
x+ BRILLIANT

dy
= y- =c
c is cos
**ds
DIFFERENTIAL

0,
(J.U.2010)
EQUATION

ExampleEXACT
Since Comparing

(ii) Or y
() oi) (v)
() (n) (H) ()
constant Comparing

T
y given The tan
y [M given
dy
OM JM DIFFERENTIAL

cons OM OM sec The [cosx cosx (2xy secx 18.

dy sin given
ax M= (e'+ y
.= M=y
tan
y
J x given sin
tant
M equation
2x + equation
secx secx solve

sin it
y
sec“x
N it
tan
tan (cos +y- 2r-(y tan
dr ON

sin
with
difierential

tan (terms with y equation y

1)
cos
+ 2x, -(y'+cos
+ x-
x - the
|(terms
2x, M x d
sec“y, tan dt cos + tan x
y

dt
is = =c iS M + cos sin +cos
following
EQUATIONS

exact N t+N
exact
y,
tan (* y) dx +
C. in dt tan
=-(2
=-(y´+
is +)]d+ y a
d+ +e>
equation
N + x sin x
secy x)
in and
x)
nottontaining and
N=
N
de y) sin dy
secy
y
dy +
(*-x differential

N
its
cos
=0, dy its
= dt x =
not sec tan =0, dy [sin (r+ 0
cos´ + dy dy
solution
x) is
=
solution
0 (cos tan“
containing (-sin we x x
secy we 0 x log
=0 =
x) get, sec* sec'y
y
0
get, y equations

x)=2 *-* - +
is x) is y + secy)
cos sin
y
sin
x) sinx
=c (* y]
a
sin :
y
+)] dy
= cos
)=0
x)
=
c x
dy 0

= j=0
=0
sin
2x

(J.U. (J.U.

2011) 2015)
...(1)
165
 or or
or
Since
Comparing

or
x*ytxy-x
y
constant
y given
(v) or y
R39 166
constant
constant Comparing

2 The (ii)
2 j(2xy M_ON (2xy (e
-+xy dy y OM
Mdt given
OM
OM
Mdt dy
-= M +
equation given
(e'+ M=(e+ (e+ The
+y- 1) 3

X
- +y- + 2x+
=2xy+y it
with
differential
f
cosx
+ equation

N
=e'
given
y
cos
Y
constant

tan J(terms it 1)
tan
is tan 1) (terms cos with cos 2x [y
M sinx=c.
y
+ y tan exact
l- y) dr=c x, 1)
diferential

+ sin
tan
+
tan y)
secy,
- de dt+ is cos M x
dx y=
2
2r
in tan + in exact

t and
N (-x
equation dx de
x,
+ +e
y
= y

=c + Nnot ON=2r- y,
dy N c, 3 +
c. its N=-x not
[se“ydy
=0,
and
dx ON N equation where f-y')dy
dy sin
solution N=e
containing
containing

we
tan"y
is its =e' =0, x
solution
y c=-6
tan get, sin
is
tan"y + cOs we =0 is
= y
sec'y) x
get,
=
c x)dy x) is
X
Cj

2 + dy
secy
x+1
= dy =
c = c
BRILLIANT

-
secy
0

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATI

Or Comparing

y (v) y
EXACT
y
constant
given JM OM constant
(x+ The Comparing
cOS ()
|M =
f
cosx
[M aiven GM JM DIPPERENTII.
The
log given M= Xc
equation
ON 1+ dx (cos
|x|)+x dr it
with
cos dt– + equation =
cOS
given
I dx N coS
it
dr +J differential

(terms
X

--
-sin
M 2x) sin X x with equation

+ (terms is (- (COs $in

cos exact + d a iS
cos y,
cos + sin
d- sin in
exact
sin
X-
M a

sin
EQUATIONS

y
a dx
y
in N equation
a sin is

=C.
and y, y
N cos Sin + y)
d N
not
ON N=x+
dy sin a
J

cos
not and
a
N d

=c its =0, x sin containing

y),
sin
dy +
solution
sin x its =0, Cos
log is y
d
containing
we y
solution
y),
sin
log get,
x-x ++ +
N=
we
y
(cos

is -sin x
-x sin
x
+
2
S
cos' x)
isee cos
cos
get,
y

x) dy -
y y] (1+ y y sin
sin dy=c
=c y
dy dy 2
(sin (cos
a
=c y

=0
cos sin
-
g
y

2y) x)
=c a sin
cos dy
dy a =0
x) sin
=c
x)

...(1) ...(1)
167
 Sol. Example

168
or or
Comparing The or or Since Comparing
(vi)
sinh
(sinh y given
given
constant
constant
OM OM M= (cos 19. sin y y given
ôy constant
constant |cos The
y

y) x differential
Solve
x OM_N

sin equation
cos
it sinh
tan |[cos M x
given
Mdr equation

x+xc (cosx Mdr cos

x
with
(cos y+ = = it
with
tany+

ar cosx
cosr x
sinh
y x cos
differential

tan +
sinh + is
cosh

y+
M + x sin x

dr 1) (terms sec*y-sin
tan Mk cos
+
(terms exact
dr equation sinh
(x y
is
y+1) y
1, + d +y)
+ exact
f and cos(r+
y
(x+
1dr-e N= N + y +
+
and
dy
sin + = cos
d+ in in and N equation

N its
Ox ON
sinx
= xcosh is )
c. Nnot (r+y» (r dy=0, y)]
0=c
not solution
= 0, de y)]dr its + dr
containing
cos cosh we + solution y), +
y sin containing
we [sin is
xcosh y
get
dy x =c N N=sin

is =
0
cosh - get, x
sec“y+
y is cos x
BRILLIANT
y secy+
x) x
dy x) sec“y-
y
= =0. dy cos
c =c cos
(r
sin I

(t +)) DIFFERENTIAL

(r+y)
y)
dy
=
o
L
EQUATIoN

Proof. 4.4. if 4.3.

the ExACT
Sol. Erample
Let Prove equation
An
Integrating

For or or
The
or The Findp
u Comparing

-
integrating
particular nIEFERENTIAL

be particular

|+ xt solution cos given particular

an dr
M given that
t
cos
vconstant given
ayOM ay OM cin 20.
1.F. +
M
de
the
is
multiplied
cosy coS y
cosh
(cos
-
(cosy equation
.=-(- M
(cos
v
coSh differential
Solve

N dierential
Factor 2 '
y
=- it y
dy0 +
number
factor cosh=|+ solution cosh
solution,
coshr=c of cosh M Ox ON
with sinh
N given x
+x=c-e'=c sinh dr+
(cos
x solution
sin
h=0 dy-
(abbreviated
l
x
x+)d+ 1s sin x y
EQUATIONS

=e +x)
y
M
+ cosh
equation
of by is where
differential
exact
de (cos
equation

integrating (terms y
sinh
sinh 1)
it, given +e=c' + when x
is the cos
and x N
d y
dy
infinite.
x +
+ sinh
resulting 2

by
x
= in + dy=0,
(sin is x
= -(cos

is
cosh
equation N its 0) 1), x+
factors
LF) 1,
y=2,
say 0d not solution
= N=sin y
1,y=2

of
1. =e containing
sin we cosh
1)
sinh
y

equation

a we y get de
is sinhr y
x) = x+
of differential

is
the get given cosh dy 0

and
= 1)
equation
is x) x 0 d
exact. by dy
=0
equation
=e'
N

=
sin
y
is sinh
a
factor
x

such

...(1)

that
169
 terms, can 4.5.
Group
170
3. 2.
x x
1.
x which
be
found
If
Integrating
.. But .. Multiplying

.:. Multiplying

dx dy given

dy of number uf(u)
ty ty -y terms
f(u)
ufu)
u u
are M M
dy by
dt d inspection.
differential

is dx de
parts
is
Factors of
integrating
any also M
throughout
+ tu both

of function
de N
N
an sides
an equation t dy dy
(ry)" I.F. uf(u)
x* exact Following = =0
1 1 1
ILF. by by du,
+y factors
of of of
differential
Inspection
us (1),
N
f(u)
where which )
(1

M dy by
is du is =f(u) [where

is
u,
the + infinite.
u we
exact.i
xte(tthe
is
equations.
list N a get,
d Exact
dy du, f(u) function

of =
Ln-1)(*y)"-1
an integrating
0 which
is BRILLIANT

differential

is any
not is of
d function
x
(log|xy|),
-1 exact, an
-! or-d tactors exact
and
iigs DIFFERENTIAL
y.
then

an-*
differential.
of
n n#1
of
certain
sometimes
u,
=1 we
n=1 get.
groups equation.
EOUA

its
I
NTINS
t r

Sol. Also EXACTIpIFFERENTIAL

Solution Example
:. Again Multiplying

OM OM
Comparing () (i) solve

given ShOw
M= comparing OM
ay M The
ytc=0
of is
M=y,

it. 1. LLUSTRATIVE

given an ON
equation =1,
given
that
()
both
1.F. Ox N it Show

equation
with differential

of(|).
ON
it
with
sides
N N=-x 'xy that
N=l is -=-1
M
EQUATIONS

(2) not
of
is
M or
(1) exact.
dr
is + are
exact dr N
equation

1s
or + by
N dy
integrating

an
=0, integrating

dy ", is
We
=0,
y
get,
dr factors

-x factor

dy=0
of EXAMPLES

y
d-x of
the
equation

dy
=
0.
y

dt
-x
...(2)
cy
...(1)
= 171
0.
 172

Hence Comparing Comparing

(b) (a) Comparing

(i)
OM OM
ôy
OM
Oy
OM Multiplying
OM
dy ay The
dy M
Multiplying
M= 1

Ijs
M =1,
M=y,
given

Jx N 0
it
with
y' it
with
Ox it
with
I.F. differential

ON
both
both
N= M
dy=0 dx N
of ON M N=xo6grilat M
dt
(1)
()
is
0
+
N
sides

(1) . de
+
sides

(1)
=-1 dt
+
exact of is N of is
N
equation

dy exact y
dy dy
(1) (1) not
=0,
by:
= =0,
we
0, by exact.

we y is
1
1
we
get,
get, ,
we get,
we
get,
get, BRILLIANT

is
an
I.F.

of DIFFERENTIAL

(1).

EQUATIONS

.
Sol. Example

Sol. Example EXACTT

Multiplying
The x The
or or Integrating or
dy given
The
x
expression
+y 3. multiplying
the DIFFERENTIAL

x y given y
dy dy Solve
-y 2+ d
2.
+ d differential

+y
expression d-xy
Find
y (1) + y+ both -x differential

the logx jlogx=e

d by x
3x°y
d logx+l=Cx. y I.F.
+ dy + differential sides,
() +
3x°y*
+ ,
3y y3,,3:We +y y log log by
dy
equation
by EQUATIONS

dy 1
we d x
inspection

= d =0 =c
get,
-x dr
equation
x
d=
suggests
dy
0 equation

we dy =
get is =0. 0 0,
suggests
Or get, is x>0 and
that solve

y, that :
1
logx+

is
an
2 1

is
I.F. an
I.F.
c=C

say

...(1)
..(1)
173
 Sol. Example
174
Multiplying

The or
(i) Integrating Multiplying
The or (ü)
x () () or Integrating,

x+y x expression

The x
dr The expression

x y y 4.
dr x
dy dr
dr 3y2.
ty dr
+ Find
+ given 1
dy differential

y
2 y
d
(1) dy +
(1)
+y + tx
by x + differential
+3 2x2,2 y_ dt-3 (|–3)
x dy (1
integration

+4y by x + 2x2y2
dt 4
log
x² +y y' dy 4y -3 -=c

+y (+) y equation

dy=
y=c.

-3
-3d +y xy (+y) x)
dy dy factor
suggests equation logy dr,
0
we
(log =0 we dy dy dy
dy=0
y)
suggests
= = is =
get, =-c get, 0 0
y 0. by
that
=0 = inspection

is
0.
that

+y? (ry)3 and

BRILLIANT

solve
is
an is
[" I.F.
an
last [:: I.F.
I
DIFFERENTIAL

last
term

term
requires

requires

EQUATI

n=l ...(1)
n=3)

Sol. Example
EXACT
or or Since Comparing Multiplying
Now
Comparing The,
Integrating,
or
(r+y)e-c.
(oty').e- y y
y
(2)
constant constant

constant

OM_ aM-2ye. (ty+2x)

e given ay OM
ôy OM
M=x+y
given
5. 2 alog DIFFERENTIAL

is log
fr² |er+y'
Mdr exact M is
an
.=2y,
(+y+ Solve

=e (2) both
equation
Ox ON
it
differential
(* we
+ ON integrating

the
y')e'dt + and (r+y'+2x),
with
sides ON
with +y) get, (r
differential
|(terms
(2xe'dt its M (1) =) +2 2 * EQUATIONS

M x) +y' y')d)-o,
+
solution
ON dt dr
+
of is x, dx dt
equation

+
2x)dr + (1)
factor.
not
N=2y
+
+
=
in =2 N 2y by c.
+
[2xe'd
Nnot dy exact.
N

dy
2y equation

2xe'dt
=c
is ye N=2y
=0,
e'dy e, =0, dy is
containing = we =
we 0
we
0
get, (++2
=c e
get, get, which
=e
is
r) exact.
dy x)
=
c dr
+2
y
(Integrating

dy
=0.

by
parts)
...(2) ...(1)

175
 i
Sol. Example

Sol. Example
176
which Integrating,
or Multiplying
or The which Integrating,

given
Multiplying

or The

is tan 1+(*y) y («y-1-Py') 7.

d(xy) 1+x'y?2 given
sin-'(*
required
d Solve is y
x(y 6.
required d(xy)
we +x ode+x differential
d+x Solve

get dy
by we dt differential

solution.
(x²y-1-y)
y)-log| by +x
x2 get
.=(0 dr d)- solution.
dy)
=
(
(1+**y')d
dr
+x°dy
equation

x|=c
d

=0
a-0
-
-(*y)'
equation

we is d ,
get
=0 +r'dy= We is
= get
0
dr
=
0 0

BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIALI

,EQUATION

Sol. Example

which Integrating, or Sol. Example EXACT

Multiplying The
by which Integrating,
Multiplying
using
The
given
is d(+y)+10y
2r x+y?
x xde 9. given
DIFFERENTIAL

required
x+y Solve is xdy-y &.
dr dr an required

log
+y²
+ Multiplying
+
yy+10y
+y differential

I.F.
_l Solve

2,y by we differential

dy x 2 by
solution.
(r² dy
I.F.
+10y d+y
solution.
get
d+(l+**)
xdy-y

+ +10y*
= equation
+
sin :,

y')+2y'= EQUATIONS

dy+10y*
y +
we
both dy (r-+ equation

dy 1
=c sin get dt+
=0 dy =0 y= +

cos
dt+r
(l+x')
= sides ,

we
y²) is c
0 (+y)dy
y
e dy
is

by get dy cosy
= =0 de
2, 0 +x
we dy
get =
0
=0 cos
y

dy
=
0

177
 Mx+Ny0. homogenous
Proof. Rule inspection,

4.6. Sol. Example

178

". Five
1. If which Integrating,

Multiplying
or The
The
M, Mx+Ny
If M
let
N
M given the then
dx
Rules
is x x given
10.
M functions

- are 1
dr
+
equation

following +
required dy-
-y
Find

"o), homogenous differential

N for we y
differential

N by
[M dhy dy finding
get,
d
I.F.
dr the

=0 of M
solution.
+(3x-1)
+ I.F.
=
dr the five 0 = (3x-)x²

+ d equation by
N equation same
+ rules
is
N=o2 function
dy] Integrating inspection

N not
we
=, degree
dy help exact
dr
= get
is =0 0 dr is
of us and = and
the in is 0

same x homogeneous

in Factors
solve
andy, finding
y it
is
degree
Mx+Ny
Mx-Ny difficult
BRILLIANT

then integrating

in Mx+Ny
in
x x to
and and I

l* (dt find
1
DIFFERENTIALI

factors
y y
integrating

iie.,
is
(Note an :

if
1.F. M
this and EQLATR
provida factor

ste, N
i

Note
Note is
better
EtICTD
Also
In
this
2. 1.
which
..
If to This
Mx+ Mx+
fromn

Mx+ put Mx+ Mx-Ny

Mrt Mx-Ny
pIFFERENTLAL

M case,
is
method
an
dx y (2)
Ny Ny
+ Mx+ Ny=0,
=VX. exact
we Ny Ny
N
is get,
dy is differential [M
Ny= suitable an L
I
=0 d EQUATIONS

then I.F.
+ o).*-o)
0
this when of
(1).
N
dy]
).say

method

Mx+

fails.

Ny

consists
(Dividing

of Num.
only
y
one and

term. denom.

Otherwise

by
...(2) ...() say
x"*)
179
it
 .
i.e. i.e. 180

Another

if if if Now
so which The Integrating, or (2) From

that
can
given
and
oy OM
Oy a
Mx+Ny
M is M N M (1),
and d« be
dy
homogenéous.

=cor
(Mx+Ny)
Mx+Ny +
differential
Proof
d d written

N + + z|
ax*a
Mx+Ny

M OM are N log M

M is âx
dy :
d
dy dy
an |y|=
(Mx+Ny)
homogeneous

=0 y
=0 =0 =0 as
I.F.
d+: ON ON
equation

c|x, -
log
ax Mx+Ny
of =n .=n
|*|=log
(1) which
Mx+Ny,

ON
MJ M is
ôy functions

y+N - is e
(By
dy ....2) the
=0 Euler's required

ôN M of
is satme

(Mx+ an BRILLLANT

exact Theorem
degree solution.

Ny)-| diff.
(Mr+
(in DIFFERENTIAL

equation.
in
Ox OM
partial x
Ny) and

+ y)
M+. differentiatigt

sav
ON n EQUATIO
:

Sol. Example
iLe. ie. i.e. ie. ie. ExACT
or
Its .:. Comparing which TLLUSTRATIVE

solution
multiplying
The
Hence which
if if if if -pIFFERENTIAL

y LF.=
M=*y, given 1. nNM=n
constant

is Solve is N NyMy
homogeneous y Mr+ true. (n
is Mx+Ny d- M) ay
-
differential

(1) 1

-x? both with

Ny = M

Mx+Ny-Nr
N=-¢+y')
+y'
Mn M
y is
sides
an (n OM
|
EQUATIONS

M ) dt- N) ôy ay OM
in
=
equation
d+N I.F.
of x d (*+y)
-Mx
y-y(* and =0
(1) of Mx-Nx
(1).
by dy y. ON
=0,
1
=0,
is
ON
ON
ay
which dy M_MyN-MN

+y') =
we 0.
OM
aN
is , get, OM
Oy
exact. we EXAMPLESI
-MN-Ny

get,
y 1

ON

(:of
...(1)

(2)]
181
 Sol. Example
Sol. Example
182

which
() (i) () Its' Comparing which The or or
solution

ILF.
comparing
The
(3xy-}) (-2yx') (3x-) 3. given
M=3xy-y',

is
multiplying
(*y-2xy) 2.
= homogenous
given Solve
-2
I.F.= is
homogeneous
Solve
M=*y-2
differential
Mx+ is «y-2xy)
log (1)
with
differential
the y
constant

Mx+ the 3y
x with
dr
following
+ with
dt dr
differential

Ny +
M
dx in
- + -
3 G-Ja-o-o
dt log
3xy-xy N=- x,y.
(2x*y-xy'
(2
(2xy'-*)
log sides Ny xy', M -(-3xy) equation

+ equation x*y-xy)
de in |

=
y

N differential
N +N x de y|=c.

2
x'y+xy?
dy C. of
(1) y-2xy
=-+3xy
and -(r-3 equation

=0, dy y. 1s
is
)
by =0,
we y dy dy equations dy x*y)
-2xy get, = =0. = we =
0 0
get, 0
2 -x'y+ dy
We
-=0 BRILLIANT

:
+xy°
get,
3xy2

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATI

..0)

Rule

Siry)y EXACTI
or or or
II. which Multiplying

.". which
(i) Multiplying
If 3x(2. IF. comparing
The pIFFERENTIAL

d
the y is
M=y-2yr,
(-2y*) 3

+£(ry)
equation
constant
y
consant
exact
-2x2
= is
homogenous
given
log
Mx+Ny
-x) both
Ix|+2
and both
with differential

x sides

dy M y its sides

=0, d
*yy-a')=|e°°|=C,

log -aJ-
()y
2x2
solution

3y(y² (2y'-x) of
M
dr in
de
+
(2xy'-*)
-
-2
EQUATIONS

+ |
*y'-2r'y
x, log of
N (*y (1) N=2xy
+ equation
then
Ndy y. (1)
dy is by |y
)
-x?) | by
Mx =0 (-*|=6e 3xy(y²-)
=0, =c.
dx
- is
+- +2xy-x'y
-* we dy
is
1

of 3
Ny
the y
dy
get,
=0 is
log =0 exact
we
form dhy
is
an ly =c
get,
, and
I.F. |=c We
say.
provided
get, its
3xy(y solution

Mx-Ny

-x*) is

0.
..(1)

183
 Proof. 184

Also
In Note. which

.". i. " Now

that Mx
Mx- from
The
M=f Mx
M case, This is -Ny 1 Mx- Mx M
M M
d
dx 1 an
(2), +
dr+N
– dx dx
given

+ Mx-Ny=0
rule Ny exact
(Mdr Ny Ny_y).yx
(ry).y, Ny
+ +
t
N we differential

dy dy=0 fails
is dy [Mdt
N N
differential
get, dy
=0 an dy
+ 5 =
0
if I.F. =0
Mx-Ny
N (xy).yx N=6y).x
is +
dy] Ndy]
of of equation

(1) the
> 2 form
- +
zzz dx
M
M
=0. l
(o)
, ,
(ry).xy (xy).xy
fi
2

Mx Mx+Ny|d
is

(ry)
+ {d = -
dy=0
log Ny
(* y

)+ y),
dr BRILLIANT

say.
+s (x
d(logy)}+d
(*y)

x DIFFERENTIA

dy +
= dr
(logx)-d(oa
0

dy (Note
[: EQUATI
of(0) this
ul se
ie. i.e.

EXACT
if if Now Similarly,
and Now Here Another
We Comparing
which Jntegrating
The
have log DIFFERENTIAL.
Mx-Ny
ax
V f(y)y M given
=y is |x|+
dr+N
Mx-Ny
Proof the
-
=y;-)
*
ax ôy ôx » M= M=
ae+h with
it differential

required
|xy|=c
log both
d+ = Oy dy=0
d f()*-)y
S(V)y
f(y)
|p|=log
sides, ,EQUATIONS

yG-5) +

yG-)
y (y)x equation
solution.

ôy y and
y
c
-dy
where
f() 0- ay
and and dy
and N
= N= =0 is
=0 dy
= is f5() yf) where

S(V)x

is an yy L(y)x
0
an is I.F.
V=xy

exact an
exact
of
diff.
(1) and fV)
diff. or
equation.
(2)
equation

s()

...(4) ...3) ...(2) ...(1)

185
 Sol. Example
i.e. i.e. i.e.
ie. i.c. i.e. 186

I.F=
Comparing
which The
ILLUSTRATIVE Hence
which
if if if it if if
y
given
y(l-xy) y(l-x) 1.
Mx-Ny
is Solve Mx-Ny is
true
of differential

(1) the
with fornm the
d dr differential

M
- -x is
xy(l-
f(ry)y x
(|+xy)
equation an
dt (

1.F.
+N +xy)

equation
of Oy
y) dy dt y
is dy (|)
+ =

+fr
xy 0, =
0
=0 or
(2). Oy
(l+xy) we
get, y)
x

M dy EXAMPLES

=y(l-xy),
=0 BRILLIANT

2xy

DIFFERENTIAL,

N
=-x(1+x)

(3) EOUNT

and y
(4)

Sol. Example

Sol. Example
EXACTr
which or which Multiplying
The Comparing
which Thc which

y given 3. given
ry
pIFFERENTIAL,

is Solve is
2xy+dx
IF. y y 2. log ogl*ouy- multiplying
is
of exact (2xy (2 Solve
is
the + differential = M
of differential xy+
exact

both (1) the

form
2xy')
y and Mx =y +
with form
1)
the and
(ry+
its + sides
- (2xy+

dr
1)
dt differential
2x both
f()y 1+2xy Ny its
de equation 2x*y')
solution

by M fi
t equation +x solution
EQUATIONS

t = xy)y x sides
x dx (1 (1+2xy-)

C xy(2xy 1), where

y +N +2
(*y-
= -x'y N 1+x by
d is dr C
is =x
dy dr xy-y)dy=0
is
equation

is 2y
+f x*y) t
= +f; c2C
2xy
x or we + (|
0, c dy
(x (xy-x*y)
dy +2xy
I) we (xy)
y)
get,
-
=0 We
x dy 0 get,
x
dy =0. xy(l -x'y) dy get,
dy
= +2xy =0 0

dy 2

=
0. -x°y)

=C, -3
where =c

C
=-c

...(1)
...(1)

187
 Sol. Example
188

or Multiplying Comparing
which
(i) (i) () which .. Comparing
The
IF, multiplying
LF
M= is
(ry+xy+
(1+xy)y
y+xy+ 4.
given is
=
= of
Solve
exact
1+2*y
=
both Mx- (y (l) the
3xy
Mx-
differential with
with form 3xy and
1 1
+*y sides +xy+ d
both
Ny 1)y d Ny
+(l-*y)x
1)y its
M f(ry)y
M
sides
+ of
solution

1) 1)y,
dr
dr equation d
-1
3
3.xy
de
(1
) (ry +
+t + xy +
d
by
(*y'-xy+ (r“y-xy+ + of Ndy
+ N= N dr log (1) (xy
2xy h=0, is
+xy dy=
(ry-xy+ +f is
y=0 *=3c=C,
by + =0,
2x“y*
(r log 0
3y,3 we
y-xy+
,
+ we y)x
1)xy |y|=c get,
we
get, I)x 1)

get,
-
dy
= y
x
dy=0
-
xy+ M=y BRILLIANT

dhy
(ry-xy
1)

x
0 = We
0 say. get, (*y+2xy),N=*(*y

1) x“y)
0,
which dy ELAITNEREFFIDQUNTIG

=
0

is + 3x,3
exact. 1)xy
1

or Sol. Example

.
EXACTI
which (y+xy The
(ry+xy² or or
(r Comparing
which
or or
given
(i) or
5. multiplying
L.F. The xy+ y
constant solution
is 1+*
pIFFERENTIAL

+xy
Solve 2xy M=y(l if (1
of differential
=
form
2xy
of +xy) given
log
Mx (1) the
the
dx is
f,
+
xy xy²
+ +xy²+ differential

2
+
l-xy
both
-
Ny
+xy), with form
y

da
ditterential

+
,EQUATIONS

(, equation 2xy
+ sides
M Ji (1-xy)
)y )yd + log N=x(l

y)dr y) lxi-logly xy(1

d (ry)
=c,
by +t equation

d d
equation dy
N y
+ + is =0
(y-y + + 2,2 -xy) dy d xdy where

f, (r*y-y (ry-y² which

+
xy)-xy(1 = +f =0
(r, -2 0, is
log
y) c 1
we (ry) c=2
We
-c
|
x is
=C, exact
get,. get, x |y|
dy c'. =
dy
say.
and = c'
0 +xy +x*y+ Xy)
+**y+x) 0

its
+ solution

I) 2x*y

xdy x)dy
dy
= is
0
=0 =0

..()
(1) 189
 Proof. (say), Rule or
190

ie, i.e., Multiplying

The
then III.
which
IF.
M Comparing

if if M
M If
multiplying

„lr) dy eJ)t given is

Mx =y
d in exact
2*y
2xy
the
throughout
+
N differential

equation
- (r'y (1)
dat is
an dy and Ny with
both
y + =0 is
its
+**y+*y
I.F. an
N
solution
sides xy M
of el/e) by equation I.F.
M dx
(1) e (*°y
dr by +
Ndy=0,
if +N is xy-*y
(2) a is
2x3"
+**y +
dy
is
exact
dy
=
I),
=0 we
=0,
logy 2xy' N=x
get,
we
+ we
dy M get *y (r°y? get
N =e +*y
+
BRILLIANT

dx N l)

is -dy
+1 -xy
a r
f) function
= (x
DIFFERENTIAL

0
y
+xy

of +l)
x
only
EQUNT

...) =f

Sol. Example
Ceample
Sol. ExACT
TLLUSTRATIVE
Comparing
The cosx Comparing
The .:. ie., ie.,
ie., r
given
OM cos 2. given 1.
DIFFERENTIAL

oy OM
M=
cos
Find
M
Find
if if it
x OM OM OM
cos
differential y
N (e'+xe)
Oy dy dy
with dr- with
differential

ON
cos cos
y
an N Jy M an
x
2
integrating
M integrating

is Jx ON ON
dx N
x COS
M sin e+x
-e+xd, =e+xe,N=xe
M an
cot.r -COS
Sin
dr -2 = L

y,
equation x dt dt 1.F.
=f(r),
+
EQUATIONS

y, N=-2
+ sin sin +
equation Nf(r)
NS()
N N txe
ON
v e'-e N factor of
-2 Sin
dy r
sin
factor
(1). which

-f) sinv y =-2 = is

d
ON hy

+
y =0 =0, dy= is
sin 0, h=0 for for
sin 2
cosx
we and we is
x 0
y
cos
sin get,
te' (e'+xe')
true.

solve
get,
Sin
x

SIn
y -=
y
y it
|= EXAMPLES]

f()
-2 cOs
d Dividing

+
sin x
x
x Sin e
Sin
y dy both
y
=
0. sides

by
e'

...(1) ...(1)

191
 Sol. Example

192

Comparing The or or which Multiplying

given
3.
oy OM
Solve cOS
cos is
CoS
2 exact Jsin LF.

with
differential

cos y x
Cos
y.
x
ON ÖM
My+
M
the
differential
y./sin (sinx)? Jsin COS
and y
d-2sin
both
-elog -
lsta)
1
x sides

1+ 1+y'0+') dr equation
x dx
its
(sinx)
+ = solution

y N c.
=c
= of
dy C (1) =e
=0, is
equation
x =
or is sin by -sotrd-logsins
2 (sin
we
y /sinx
get, cos d= x)
=
e3logx y 0
=e
(sin we
x.+
=

3
0, get, /sin
= 1
x> x) 1
BRILLIANT

logr x
0.
y) .cos

x DIFFERENTIAL

2-fu) dr
=
c

EQUATION

Sol. Example

or ExACT
which

()
Comparing
or
(i) (0 or which
Multiplying r
y y Multiplying

Constant constant
is x
LF.
OM
(+y+x) The x(**+y*) (+y 4. 3xy+*y
y solution
DIFFERENTIALI

exact (x² Solve

constant
is
|M given exact
+y' ON
it
Oy with +*)
de and
differential is both.
+ +x) (1) = de+ y
its =e 2y-y_-- 2y, d+xy d += constant
sides
(terms solution

dr by idlogx
M 2yy= txy
EQUATIONS

+ x, d+
xy c, by
we dy equation
where
of is get, yx
= N = y
=
(1)
N dy y dy 0 0. 0,
,
not =0 =0, x>0 c we
containing =x is =
get,
or we 12
get, c'.
4 4
f) M t

x) =*+y+x,

„2,2
2 y
=c

N=xy

..(1)

193
 4which

194
which
Or or
Now Now
Compare
Here

u+y'ye-fidda-e
(i)
y
is constant

y
x(*?+y)ee+2y³ multiplying

required
[(+y)e*xdk constant
is Oy OM
Oy ôM x(**+y)dt The
Put an
x>2x exact
ôy
OM = M= (1) given
x(0+4y')-
with
solution.
Ox ON
diff.
N x(r
both differential

Ox ôN
So M
dx 2+
equation
sides that +y)
= 4xy'-0
+ y’dy
dx ¢ (1) N
=
d -
e-(say)
and
e of
(1)
2y is
not
4xy' and dy
= 0
= equation

dy by N
its = -=2x=f(*)
exact.
and = 0
((+y-)e0
2 solution
0 e 2y' issh
Ox ôN
,
we =0

is get BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIAL

LEQUATIONG

Sol. Example
Sol. Example EKACT
Comparing

() (i) () or .multiplication
.. Comparing The
The «-2x+
OM ÖM LF. oM

r
DIPPERENTIAI.
(xe-2 OM
6. 2+ytgiven 5.
N
.= M-x xy given Solve =e
M.
ÖN 2 ty N =2 =x+y+2 Solve
Ox with
xy, d ax ôN differential

-edr-*y y, it
differential
the 2) +y +2x)
mxy') with 2
2xy M following
e
(1) 2y x) (r+y+

dx dx
EQUATIONS

-x'y d-xy ty e dl by x, M

dt +
ÖN
+ +
d
+ ON equation

dr
2xy N=-*y
N
dy
equation

+ differential
e +2
2y e, =0
N=2y +N 2y 2x)
-2xy
2
dy
+2 fxede e we dy
dy
= dy mxy
(x- dy = is dr
0, = get, =0, 0
-x*y
4xy_ we =0 is 0. =0 +

dy 1)e 2y
get, = which we
= equations

dy
0. =c c get,
=
0.
4 is
exact
:
(x'+y²)e

and

its
solution

-c
is

...(1) ...(1)
195
 196
.. .. Put Let Now or
.'. or Multiplying

form
-3 solution

(2),
d= !
y
or is 3 both log
d, y
x=t constant |x
sides
or 4 4

d
of
y? dt
- (1)
by
-2

2x2 dy
dx we -4
m0, log|x|

=c' gel,
which
BRILLIANT

is
exact.

DIrFEENTIAL,

..(2)

(say), Rule

EKACT

then IV. or which

:. . which or or
multiplying
Comparing
()
If [e ÖM üy OM4 DIPFERENTIAL.
eJ/o)d is Mxe-2 (e-2 The
in exact is
the
dt N given the
equation -2my* and
Ox ON
it requircd

,2 both m
xy, with mxy differential

is
an e its EQUATIONS
&mxy
solution sides 2 m
I.F.
M + =e mxy xy,
M
)
solution

dr
m of Jx JN
dx dlx
+ I C,
,2 +
+N de N2
cquation

=c.
=e is () -4
N

dy
2
my
where

dy dy by 4 4
m
= =0 -f(*) m 0,
=e xy is c
0, -, y
we dy
ôx N we gct, 0
6e'
4
get, log
M
OM |x|--log
dy

is
a
function

|x

of
y
only

f) ...(1)

197
 Sol. Example

Proof.
198
Comparing
The •
ON i.e., i.e., i.e.,
ILLUSTRATIVE
Le, i.e., Multiplying

given
y y 1. The
OM (xty+
(rty if if ir ir if
dy M Solve
M
M=y dM
differential
N ax ON given
.=*+2y+
with dy ôy MJro),MJro)d
dr+
2x+3y + M
+
(xty+
1)
the throughout

1) is OM
M My)
differential

M dt an
N

dr +x d differential

is dy
y
(* +2 equation + I.F. -f), = an =0
1, 1), + x Mf(Y)

+ ON
N (x (r = I.F.
y -x- N=x of
dy +3 +3y
(1). ON by equation

+ = equation which
of(1)
=2
1) 0, + is
(r+3y+2) y
=elogy
+
2y x
+3y+2
we 2) 2) if
-I_
is (2) is
get, dy dy true

=0 = .s) is hy ,we
y(*
0,
exact
=
x+y+= y

>
EXAMPLESh
0. get,
+ 0.
= BRILLIANT

y
|Dividing
ON
+
1)

y both DIFFERENTIAL

sides

f(y)
by
EQUNTION

..0)

Sol. Example EXACT

y
.. which
If Comparing The or
yconstant which Multiplying
constant

the we ON dy
OM
DIFFERENTIAL

(y+2y) given
multiply IF.=
2. [y“(x
.2(x+y+

solution is .=4y+2, is
exact M Solve exact
elog OM differential

öy_-4 with +y+ c both

(1) ly-3 (o+2y) and
is dr 1) sides
by M
+ 1)dr solution
dr EQUATIONS

ON dx (xy'
Öx equation t
1
y* + xy of
4- =y'-4 N + de
=c (*+3y+ ()
or +2y 2y'-4x)

4y' dy +
is

= (xy by
Iy is
0, y,
=C T
=p-3
-2 we +
we
2
2) get,
dy we
log get, dy y'-4 dy
or
=0 get, |lyl y* -3y' =
0
or
=
0ssit
M=y'
3 +2y
x)
y>0he -6 dy 2

+2y, = -+*
0 0.
y(y° -3(y°
x+y'=o. N=xy'
(y
+
+ +
I)y'=c

2)2-_2-f(y)
+2y'

y (J.U.
-4
x
2016)
...(1)
199
 Sol. Example

OM
Comparing

y
or or
(x+ (*+2y')y
Given

differential
(r+2y')-y. 4.
.
multiplying
Comparing
Sol.

The
Example
200

M dt- Solve (3**y+2

given
3.
=y, 2y°) Solve
(1) (x+2y')
N»-(*+2y) M differential

with the dy it
OM

=y
equation
d differential
both .= with (3y+2x)

M 12**y xy)
dt dy d sides 3xy+ -6xy
M
+ =0 dr
equation

is dt
N equation
y +N +
dy= of +2x, (2xy'-*)

- (1)
=c 2 -4x dy=0,
0, by =p-2
xy is dt
we +
is ax aN (2
get the dy
= loglyl y(3ry' -6xy-2x we *y-*)
required 2(3*"y
0 we y
get,
get,
=
is 0 BRILLIANT
exact M=3xy+2xy,
solution.
log +2*) +2x)2 dy=0.
y
and V-2

its DIFFERENTIAL

solution

2 yo)
N=2*y,
is

EQUNTO
...()

Proof. where
Rule

EXACT
i.e., x"y*
or rat,oT
Multiplying
x"y°
V. which which
Now
x"y° The a+h+ Multiplying

if (m If DRAERENTIAL.
is m y
dy an
xa+h,btk+l+m'x+h,o+k*)

given
(m
the is -y' constant
is ON
the exact
[mx*y*k*l+m'x* I.F. (n 1l
y
equation

M
(mvd« both y differential

dt required

=c both ày1-2-f) OM
dt
[nx*h+lyot+n'x*h*y**j

of b+k
+ and
sides +
() + nx nx is its sides

if +1 solution. or EQUATIONS

(2)
+
(nx4th
nx by y) equation
y) solution

dy)
x"y",
a'+h+l

tx x-y' of
is +x (1)
exact
+x"y°^(m'y m' y
is by
+,o+k+n'x@+h+',*)

we y
b is y° =y
(m'y (m'y
get,
*hybk*lj b'+k
We
k+n'x n' d get
de
+l +n'x

)
dy)
tn'x
=
0 =
0,
d) then 1

d
=0

=0 x"
y"
is
...(2) ...()
an
I.F.
201
 Sol. Example
202

which or Multiplying From and i.e., where Comparing or The which

.e., and i.e., ie.,
a= given
I.F. 1. "y if if if if
is (2) h+2
xy is
exact. 1+h+ll+k+, a+h+1
1, («y' Solve
true
a+h+1
m' m m
= (y =n (b
(b' (b
*y'= and b= differential LLUSTRATIVE
is
with
both
(3),
k+9=0
dx +2*y) an + (a+ +
1,
(ry'+2*y)
+
sides x"y°
tx I.F. k k+ k
+
k+2k+9=0, m
dy)
+ 1) h+ 1)x“"y+m'

= b+k+ 1)
= =
1, equation
of l)**"y°*+n'
+
(1).
of 1

k
(my
+x*y(2y

dr n
(1) +
n=1;
+ n' (a+h+

by
1
(*y-*y}) (a'
2+h+1 d dr
1

+
a'
+nxdy)
is a'+h+ |Equating

dy 2 +h+1 a'= (+y-*y) h+ 1)

d-x m
=
0
.. m

2,
1)
we 1 (b'
b'=2,
k=-3 + dy)
get,
2+ xy dy coeffs.
(a' +k
-1. b'+ =0 =
0 EXAMPLES
b'+
+ BRILLIANT

+
=
k+ n' m'=2,
dhy h+
k
(m'y n' k 1)+h„b+k,

h 1 +
= +1 of
xa+h,b+k
1)xth,bk
1
0
i.e., d+n'x
n'=-1

st
DIFFERENTIAL

h=k

dy)

=0, and
x*yt
we EQUATIONS

get,
.3) ...(2)
..(1)
.(4)
.3)

Sol. Example

Sot Example ElACT

The which
.:. .: or or i.e., where Comparing
or or
The
given
ry 3.
rDIFFERENTIAL
multiplying
(2x*y' (2x*y+y) h=0, 2h-3 6+2 a=2,
is given
(3x+2xy) the
Solve 2.
exact
(2y differential
a+h
Solve solution
h= 2+h+1_3+k+

b=3,
k=-2, k-6=0
(3 B-J+2
d-x +y)
differential

the 3 with
and 12 + y

differential
both
+3 dx (3y+2
1
dt dt its
1
m= x
+ is
-
) (y-3 equation
-(ry-3 solution sides k, y 2 +2
+(ydt+3
and
-2-h-2k+2 b+ 3, (my
x dr equation
EQUATIONS

d of(1)
2 n k+1
n d) + (2*y-)
log|x|-
log
h+2 =2 xy)
dtnx +
equation
+0=c

x) x) is 1, x |x|
dy
is
dy by
LF.-*=
k+4=0 1+h+1_ a'+h+
;a'=1,
(2
y
is dr
+ log
-
logly|=
dr-x
=0 =0. 2
m' dy) (2xy-) |
y|=c.
x b' +* dy
dy) We 1
=0, dy) e
=
get, 0+ 0
=0 -1 y" =0
k b' m'=2,

(m'y
+1 n + dy

k =
+1 0.
n'=-1 de
+n'x

dy)

=0,

we

...(1)
get,
...(1)

203
 204

or Or which Multiplying Solving and I.e.,.

i.e., i.e., where
4 Comparing

+7 h
a-2,
2y is x hlI
exact 3 (2) 3 h+2 2 a
7y 21
h-k+2
+ +h+ I.F.

-
b
2y x'dx both and -h-3 h 2 h
m
= with
3
and
7 k+ 2 +3 + =*y 1,

7x
-,7 +
sides
2 (3),
7=0
1 1
m x
solution X [(2 =2k+4,
=2,
7 10 10 + xy -1- we =0 y°
y 11 1+k
10 7y 19
k+2 b+ (my
+ of 1 get, n=-1;a'

y
7 12 ty) (1) 6
-1 k

4 7
x is 7
by 3 h 1
+ +
1
dxtnx

y 4

12
1
d- x
h+3 1 +1_ 0+h a'+h+1

7 dr= (*y-3
7 11 1
=0, dy)
=k+ k+1
m
=c. =C
10
y + b'=0, t*“
c 11 3 1
I.F.
7 19
, 1

12 x) We =
0 y° BRILLIANT

7 19
dy]=0
+ b' m'=
(m'y
-3x get,
7y 3 k +
n
+ k 1,
1 1 + n'=3
d
7y 4
7 19 1
+ DIFFERENTIAL

7=0 19 n'x
dy)
=
0,
we EQUATIONS

os
..3) ...(2)

solving functions
5.2. Pop+ than 5.1.
Equations Introduction
Now where
Let be Let There
For
I
The
the such
Pp. bere is Aifferential

p-f=0,
solutions (1) L.H.S.
(1) f(x, of the general called
EQUATONS
fi be
given
equations is xandy. sake Po,
,2.....
written
is y, no
an differential p) Solvable Pi, a
fixed first non
of equation
=0
+
of equation
(1) P2-*,
AND
p-f=0...,.,
of P2 convenience,

given as can are method

p order linear

fn discussed
are (p-f) *+ Pr-l,
d equation be of equation
for differential differential

functions expressed

degree p ... n-1 of

the HIGHER
for
we
Pn
Pn-1p
form
(p-).... below.
solving
are
p-fh (1) n write
solvable of functions
equation equation

are of as first OF
205
=0 given
x
and
the
product
order
such +

P,
=
d
+...+P.
n-2

FIRST
5
y. (p for equations.
p ofx of offirst
-fi by -f) p, and 0 and degree DEGREE
where n-l
n and =0
(, equations
= of degree
hence

order

y) 0 n However,
Po,
y.
d dy n>l
where

linear the +P ORDER

and
n> P., above
is degree

=0, higher
factors
1. P2,...

some equation

degree.
of
in Pn
p. methods

-1,
becomes is
greater
L..(1)
Pn
are
of
 Sol. Example

of 206
these
or or or or
(iüi) or Integrating, or or
(i) or
() (v) (ii)
()
Let . Since These

The (2y+x*-c) The The n

px(p- ILLUSTRATIVE c=C=
(*p'-xp) (p+*)
(2x-y+ Integrating,
(p-2) p'x+ p'-5p 1. general equation

given dy
dr dy
given
d given dx dy Solve Fi
it
cannot the Fi equations

=-xdr F-X
(4, given
(4,y,
p=l (p-) we -2 dy d y,
(p
(y-*)p=y
equation equation (p- equation
+6= the
solution
1) get, +y) c) c). have Ci) be
and +y + y
equation
can
(*+ (3x-y+)=0

we 3) following
=0,
(px+y) (yp 0 F;
px+y=0 (p-
log
y=--+ =0 get, = * (r,
more

be
-y)=0
is is 0 is
y, of FCy F, solved
) px+ |y p-5p
2 p y=2x+e given than is (x,
= c)
0
=0 |-c)=0 and and or +px and or
differential

...... c,
of y,
equation
say. one the
c) by
(y +6= =0,.......
-x)p=y and y tpy is Fn independent first the
dx dy the d p=2,3
(iv) (i)
is
log p and 0 equations (*, order
methods

y, (1)
required
the +xy
=-*, yp p'+px
required
|y| -y y=3x+c c) is
Fn BRILLIANT

=-xtc
p=-y
=0 + EXAMPLES
=0 arbitrary already
solution.
(*-y)
(1,
+py+t y,
solution.
CH)
known
p=x constant
T
=0
DIFFERENTIAL

xy
= to
0
us.
Let
LEQUNTION

the
sol

EQUATIONS

or or
i.e. ie. or
(v) or or
(i) or or
y²-x'=c, y
General y'=x+c, The
y=x dx p=
xyp²-(x-y')p-y

dx
Given (x'+y-c) integrating,

v py (x-ytc) x-y+c=0 integrating,

dy OF
dx dy py+x=0
(p given
+x
solution
dt
y
(«²-y')+r?+y??c'-y')+(?
dy differential (Py+*)
- dy dx dy FIRSTORDERAND

x y
d=0 -x=0
1) differential
= =1
(y-x-c)=
+x (*y-
we we dt
x say (p- (p-1) and and
get, and
and
of xy logx 2xy
equation
and get,
and-dy

(1I) c)=0
xy=c
=c and dy dx I) x
is dy 2x dy p=1 equation
y=xt dv
+
= =0 =0
d
logy or 0 is
(y-x-c)
-0 is
y=xtc de the +
HIGHER

is
required cand
= the is
log p'--y² d
required
yp' DEGREE

c log =
0
+ solution.

(y-c)=0 (r-y)p=x |y+

solution.

2xy log|x

=log
+y²)
|c|,
say

207
 Sol. Example 208

or or
() or
() () (i) ()
2 The The
y (x p y(1-p)-b
p(2-3 2.
Solve
dy 2py (4 given +
2-3y given +2py

+
2y yp'+6px'y)
c)' -
x
dy
2py+x0
(2py m (|- -(| (2 4(l- the
-
cquation equation

dx (l cot y)'
y)' - -[(31-
0=2-21d)

dy
2-3y
241-y
3y)? =
following

m +x0
+ -y) y)? xy'
0
(2py
3)+x ) 4
(I-)
is y(l [|-y-
+JI-y t is
and is x+e
and
the - or
differential

and +x)
4yp'+2pxy
+ 1I)dt
p'(2-3
(2 y)x+
(2py (2 required
[Put1- 2/1-y 2-3y
2y 2y 2py pxy
]

tx*e
py ±x*c tx+e t y)
dy
+ +
+3x)
+

3
+
3 solution.
xte 2-3y 24/1- -
4
(iv) (ii) equations

3x 3x) x')0 c y
x')-0 dy (1 xy' 4yp+
BRILLIANT

(3 y
dk -0 x "! t -
y) (p+2) :

+ dx
0 I) 2pxy
+3x0
I-y- = DIFFERENTIAL

py' (3
x+|
+
)+3*

dy
-21
d

EQUATIONS

or or
or or 0r (iv) integrating,
or
From
From and I-p The 2+2y-
The V-bx
integrating,
OF
given

M=-2 (2), 2
(1), xy
dy
given
ty'-b
- FIRST

integrating, dy cquation
we
comparing
+ -x Py- cquation c)
ORDER

we
(r-2 (Py-*)|x(pytx)
x(ýp-)-2y
y y-b (x'+ get,
y 0
xw0 xyp' c) x+c get, dy
y, dy and which is y- ANID

N=xy we y') -x and 2xy'-2py'-0

is t
(1-p
c)
2 HIGIIER
with
xy xy
dr dr -
2
get, is and

M 0 )
dy pxy+x*
(p'+ the
O
is
)

d required
1
the y

-b
DEGREE

+ +xe
+ (r-2 (py 2)
required

N
dy -2 -2 - 2py' solution.

y')0 y y'| x) dx dy
=0, solution.

we 0 -9 0 +x
get,

209

.. ...(
 Separating
The and

equation
() or or
or
its Or 210
The
dy component
p'+2py ('-x+ J
= the
p=-y
p=- p=-y
p= given
4 2
constant

(- p log y
variables,
(2) log constant
multiplying
cotx
can -2y |x|- |x x-2y (2)
cot cot Cot -2y cot cquation

+ equations
cx) |-log is
be x 2
cot x-y
Mx+Ny homogeneous

cosec
we written -y
x
+y x cot log 2
|log|C| *-y
ty xt -
(y-x-c)=

get, cosccx coseCx

xt is |x-y'
x'-2y'
(2)
x) are coscC 2
2y y4y² =0 p+ |x-yl-; y)(X
by
dt as 2 or
Vcot* |-2c=log
2
x 2py +
cot'r+4y2
cx=x x+ y) in
0
or -y? x,
*y y) dr y
+1 cot is x=C log
(- x the + dy
cot =y -y |x 0
required |C + 0
,
We
x (r-) |, C
say y| is
+
cosec
where
mc exact
gct,

BRILLIANT
solution.
c
= and
x)
C
its
solution

DIFFERENTIAL.

|By
partial
is
..(3) ...2)
traction

.) EOUNTK,

or Integrating,
Separating EOUA
The or or
Integrating

|ysin log de dy equation

solution
of or A
TIONS

ly y
cos log log
-y y
|
=-2 the |y ly| OE
2
variables, cotX-y
(3) of cos? both = FIRST
2
sincos 2 |+ cquation
tc, +2 tan
log cos
sin can
log sides, 2
2 x coS 2 sin 2
sin
Sin COs ORDER

|sin X cosec
be or |cos dy x x
2 * we written we cos
x (2) y *
- get, cos“=
get, sin AND
+ dx x is
-log x
log as log IHIGIIER

dr
e' or A,
e |y|=-
where
or or or DEGREE

A
--y =t log y
log
|y COS
c ly|
sin + coS,sstb sin
|+ I-
x X log +
log sin
log + cos
Sin
cos* c x
sin“= x
x

log

log c
..(4)
c' 211
 Sol. Example

212
or or or Or Or () ()
The
x+.
given
3. general
y
p'[I- Solve
sin'-A
y
sin=#c'

2
(y-'=l- (a-x)°]
equation
solution
2
=a
dy dx
p=t p'
= - -(a-x' is of(1)

t
(a (J.U.
(a-x)
is
(a-*) (a- -(a-x (a- a-x
2015)

+p²
2
is - x) x)
the x)? (a 1+p
=a
required
-+c
dx (i)
+c =
(a-x)?
BRILLIANT

solution.

2
-ar
-2*y. DIFFERENTIAL

=0
.+2y

EQUATIO

-*0

EQUA

(iv) Cubing
(ii) Squaring

The
343 The
() TIONS

both The s
given OF
dx dy_2xy+ (y given both
25 given FIRST
+ sides,
3
equation c)'= = difterential
(y- sides,
5(y-c)

ax ax equation
ORDER
we 7
(

27 1 c)
we 5 d
get,
= y=
is
ax -c 4 or get,
=+2yax2

4x"y?
equation
4 + is AND
a
is de
2/ax
the dy HIGHER

2x -4x(2y² required
is 2 3
the
or 3 1 is
required
+
-+c
dt
2

+c
7(y+c)=3 x3 5c DEGREE

solution.

-') solution.

a3
x3

...(1)
213
 214
Taking or or Integrating, Separating
Taking
Put Or
general
e e
-
Sin -ve sin-1
t
cx=
|Cx|
sin=
+
(2)
becomes,
y=Vx

sign,
*–cx=0where
ve
solution

r
!
sign, the d_ytr-y?

-Cx0
variables,
y+x so
e
we sin-1
e
log that
sin we 2xy
get,- |
of c get, de v+x
(1) r dx
x| +
2xy-(2y²
is sinv= sinv=

± h
c 2
=C du x2
log log du
|x|+ |x+ =
+d
log log|Ci|
-')
BRILLIANT

c2|

r
DIFFEREN

NTIAL

(as
EQUATIO
above)

or Sol. Example
or or or or or
or or (i) or or or or or
() (i) (i)

y=e2
log

|y|
y
dhy
dx
p=xy,
(p-x)

(p'-)-p p'-(txy+)p
(v-)(2y+3x* y=cy=-3-=xte

dr p

0,
p[(p
The
pp+3px-py'

given
p'+2xp²-y'p?- .
4.
-*txy Solve OF
TIONS

= =x (p- p+3x=0
+3x) t2y)+3p´ FIRST

(p' dy dy
equation
()
dy, xy) tpy+xy)-p .=-3 (p-y') p+3xp-yp
p
.e,3y=*+3
dy d =py? +y)p' ORDER

[p' (+xy
=x*
(p-xy)
-2 x is
+pxy
c)
- (*
-2xy'p
dr, dy +(y+r*y+xy)p-*'y (ytx+
and and
-0 3

xy]
p'+3p'x-yp
+y)t'y+*y+x)p
AND

+y')
+xy-px-pxy-py)
HIGHER

(p-xy) dr
p-y=0 +
[lp =0 (y+
c,-1=*y (p-x*)-y'
(*+xy
+pxy
=0. 2
-3
c) xy'p-0 DEGREE

(p-x*)
(+xy+y')
= x)p
0
+y)
is
-3xy'p= -
0
+ the
(p-*) (p-xy)
cy (p-) required -*'y

=
-0 =0 =0 =0 =0 0 solution.
0o

215
 Comparing

y Now
constant
() OM
JM (y+2r)
p+ or or
or
216
(r+2 (üi)
l(y is p
(r+2) p=0
p(r+2y) p+l=0
or
l=0 p=0
component

+
exact

ON
= plp'(+2y) plp'+ p' The
1, it
2x) and öN
with y)
dy+
(x+2y) |7-c Cy=

de given

+ +(y+2
dr its = M (r +
(y+2x)
equations e
+ dr + (y 2y)
solution | Plpr+2y) differential

(terms
+ +2 d: Plpt +3
N y) x)
2

x)
dy +p Plp*+2y)
-3y-)ky+
(c=e),

=-1
+p p'
dy dy =0 {(*+2y)
(*
= =0 dr
is are p(p+1)
=0 (r+2
in +y)
0, =0 equation
x-3y-c=0;
2
N +
not
we (p+
y) y)
get, (x+2y)
y=-xtc
+p(y+2
+
+p (y+2
containing
[p
(¢+2y)
1) (y (3x+3y)
+3p
is
M=y + Itcy)
(y+ +2 (* x)p
dr *xty-c=0
y-c=0

x)
x)} ty) =
0 (c=-3
x) 2
+(y+2x)
+
(y+2*)]-
2
*) +
(y+2x)]
+(y+2)]=0
+ + =0 BRILLIANT

dr x, (p+ (y+ (y+2 istherequired

=c N
=x 2 c),
1)] *y
+2y x)] x)] DIFFERENTIAL

=0 =0 =0 = +1+cy=0

0
0
=
0
solution.

..(7)
..(6) ...(5) •..(4) -..3) •..(2)

Integrating,
Sol. Example
or
Le. or
The or EQUA
or or
dy or of
p=x, or

x =X,
py-p ptpxy given
5.
Solve
(y-c) () TIONS

we (1+x
general vxt*
d, p
=
equation
y=G p0,
Given

get y
1+xyty(l+x

=x+ p
Y+x+c) ,+ =0,
plp(p+2x)-
plp OF
FFIRST

dy pxy equation
2
y) (l+* +2xp-y´ t2yx-c=0
2 solution
= y
±(l-xy) p-y"
p(p-y)(p
=tc
tr py is d rORDER

2
y) =x+
y + y2, is
x (+x*-c)
c,
=0;p+ y“(p+
p-2x)y']
of
y) p' y=-
p'+2xp-y²p² (1) AND
=
0
y +2x) is
-4x =-2x
2x)] HIGHER

*+c 2x= (y-c)

y =0 =
2y =
0
0 0 -0
is (* DEGREE

ty-c)
the
y
required
-2x
(3xy+.
y'p
solution.
-*-c)=0

-0

...(8)
217
 Sol. Example
218

is Integrating,

and Integrating,
or or The
and Integrating,

the Now or
required
(-9 p+y px+y
p=0 p=0
p(px* plp(px* p
p°+p?y+p'*²y?
given
6.
(p*x+py+px?y² Solve

+ differential

solution.
-
dr =0 log d y > or px+py+
dog|lyl =0 =0 =c +y)
|y|- =0 px
ory d dy +y)+y*(px

- -c=0
=0 +y=0
(p
+y)
equation

*'-o-- =c
y

or dy or =0 p*y
=0 +y +y³) +py is
log =0 +)]=0
1
=0 p+y =0
-C=0 |y|-
=0 =0 +py'
is
=0 the
x-c
-o =
required
BRILLIANT

0.
=0
solution.

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg

Example
Integrating,
Sol. EQUA
Put or or or or or The
TIONS
x=uy
we px-y=±py
given
dy have
dy (px-y)- ipx-y)' (Px-,(y'-x)p''
7.
Solve OF
log differential
FIRST

uty
>
d + rORDER

u+a-
=uty
(r-y')p'y?
(y²
dy du -*²)p²y² equation

AND

du HiGHER

J(u-1)yiR
is
F+).
du -0 =0
=0 DEGREE

=
=0.

dy

p=

219
 Sol. Example consider
fact we Note. solution functions
the
5.3. 220
ignore
or the clinnination

ILLUSTRATIVE Diflerentiating
Since Equations
Elimination
Let Let This
given (r, In of(1)
Squaring

3xy= 1. in general

the p) the
some
of the
differential
Solve

present = factor
p d ()
can
(1) fu,y given
is
the log
say,
2xp-2p2 0
problems
in between

solution
is required
the
2p-2pr+3xy
and x=(p, of be
solvable

p) diflerential
Solvable

parametric
p (2) expressed
book.
given
(r, between 0
equation w.r.t.

p) (3) () of fory
solution.

equations which can c), and (3) fory

y
x, equation
form. (1)
(if as
is be =/; (4)
and it
2p-2px

= gives
does
expressed

(p, is
not (4)
is
solvable)
-
(+c),
0. not c). be
or
contain
These possible,
[if
us
as possible]

y= +3xy
EXAMPLES] singular

two bc where
BRLLANT

r, then F(,p,
equations
2xp2p gives
3 c
and
=0 solution
we
is
proceed
express the c) an
3x together general = arbitrary
DIFERENTIAL

0
which

we
as
in
=
0, give
, solution
constant.

the In separately

are such the EoUA

Art
of().
...(1) not general
cases
3. .(3)
.(2)
to In as r )

Sol. Example

EOIATIONS
The Eliminating

or Integrating
Rejecting

pillercntiatig
given
ay=- p'tmp= 2. 2k-2kx2 2xk-2rkx+3xy
p p'=xc
Solve 3x
d
differential
xe x OF:
a p log 3 2
mx+pt
p' from
= x drdP-0 2,
3
2p 2
FRST

a(y+m + kx, + 2 W.rt.

mp +3y
log
equation
() 0
which
ORDER

and c
mp
= =0, k=fe
=
x) a (2),
2
(ytmx) AND
which =0 log does -
3x 2p:
is we p P-2 IIIGUER

not
or get
is 3
contain

where the d dp
p't general
DEGREE

p or or
mp dp
dx dy solution.
we
= 2k²x-2k

ay get
tamx
P 2dp
xr+3ry

=
0
...(1) ...(2)
221
 Sol. Example

Separating 222
Differentiating

The Integrating,
(1) Separating
or
Differentiating

given and
3p? 3.
d Solve
ax= a a
(2)
the dx dx dp
y=xtp'
differential d (m
a
*p-1
=|+3p constitute
3
we = the +p)
d dy
variables,
ap=-
p-1
3p² w.r.t. y
=x+tp
p´- get, 3p variables,

= =-am
m w.r.t.

dx x, mp-m
+ +2m (3
dp p' a

= we d dp we equation
the a1.de p m x,
solution
m+p + + + we
dr get, get, m² we 2
where P (3p
log dp mp)" (3 get,
get,
is p²
=
|

p= m dp +2 +
of 3p-m- dx dp 2
tp|+c mp)
dx given
mp)

dx dp
differential

d
m+p
m² BRILLIANTI

equation.

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg

...()
.2)

Example

Example
Sol EQUA
(iv) or
) Putting Integrating

Rejecting
or Differentiating
Given
TIONS
*-py=
ytpx=p'x 5. y= p+
Solve
the
xp -p(l-P)-
p=
d equation
4. Solve (2) From
2c/x
value 2r I-p= 2p-p and x OF

FIRST
ap" logx+2 d (1), 3 2
- the (3)
c, ofp =0 W.r.t. is differential give y ptp+ tp+loglp-

0
=p'- ORDER

which which 2r
+
(2r-2px) y=
in log
(1-p) ,
2px-
required

(1), we
(în) p does
2GPtp+ 3 log|p-
AND
() is we =
get
the log 2x d
equation

y-2px=f(up)
get not p'x solution.

1|= HIGHER
yFxta
required d 1|+c
c contain =0 x
dp dr
log
P
or or y
=2 |p- DEGREE

tanp solution.
Or
dr dp |p*2-p)-o p-p- px-
1
C
|+c
we p"x.
get
2x(1-p)"

(ii) -2dp

4y=
d
tp

...(3) ...(2)
223
 (ii) or Putting
or Sol. 224
or or
differentiating
Now or
xy y+ Differentiating

The .".
log 2 integrating
2p+x=0 rejecting
either (1-2*p(2p+
()
log
given
+eex
value

|px|
2p (2p-4*p) The
= |x|+ (1
equation of dx dp
I
-2p) given

|+ p = 1
-2xp=0 p=-p-*

y=-px+p'
log we
a. both
in log -2 w.r.t.
equation

is (1), |p|= get,

1+p xp=0
or
|

the c|
P-x+**.2p+p.4x3
sides
is +x
required
we + x,
dr dp W.r.t.
y=xta
or get, > log 2
f which
or
(1
-2px')
(*–2px*)

-+2px*
dp we is
y+= p=c |c| get, y+px=px

2ptx
x, solution.
x p -0
we tan'p does

get, = dp de dx dp
log not
+4*p?
d
|c
contain -0 -0
|

BRILLIANT

d dp
,
we
)
r
get, DIFFERENTIAL

..) EQUATlo

or or EQUATIONS
which or
*-constant (ii) integrating

o
multiplying
LE. differentiating The =
(p- is p
putting

= homogenous
A9 given
;[log
dp d
(p-)
x) p.p+x +
, OFi
(-2
value we dx FIRST

P dp
(2)
-2xt2p cquation
lp- get, =
p=l+a

+
log
(p- a
(p-)' by (r (l) p-l of |
rORDERAND

dp
+0
X-2p

(p-x)
-2p) equation
p)

dr=0
w.r.t.
is
x

in |p²
I)0+p',p+e
(p-I)(1+',

1+p
dp (1), +
4y=*+p
=c -
x, 1|-
1

d in we
tan we d dp
= (p-x) p, get,
tan'p] HIGHER

0 we get,
is
x. p
get, or +cis
exact

+c DEGREE

and the
2p=xtp p-l=
required

its l=A(1+p'+(Bp+CXp-I)

Put
solution
Comparingo- Puting

solution. (2-1X1+ a
dp p=1,A
is 1
dp

effofp,p

p-1 A

I+p?Bp+C
...(2) ...(1)

225
(2) Substituting
or or or
226
and or or
(iv) or or
(3) solution
comparing

represent
dp p-p=
differentiating
p=-ap?
The (p-x)
value
log
I.F.=
P(l-p) given
is p= |p
ofx e with log -
the y=-ap 1

-(r+ equation x|
P(l-p) d lp-x
solution in -p lpl w.r.t. p-x
(), dp
ap')
we
(a +Px=Q,
p{1-2a |=x+c(p-x)

+
-
sinp+ x, is
of get, =e ap we x-py=
dr dp
the p-(«-ap')2 get,
equation.
(a
sin'pt)
ap log
c) dp we d

(a + get, or p
ap
sinptc) c -p? and
P=
a (1)
sin' (1-p)p p
BRILLIANT
(-p)-x+(ap)] represent
Ipl
dp
p+c -1
+
c
the DIFFERENTIAL

Q=P
solution

I-p?

de
..3) Eo).
..2)

Sol. Example
EQUA7
Differentiating
or
or The Putting
or
or or
Rejecting A
3yp=xp
given
6. p=
pifferentiating
() TIONS

de Solve log log

integrating,

(p+2*)pf' The
value
|xpl= |x|+2
d OF
diferential
given
1 p+2)*
w.r.t. 3
xp- y=2 of p+2x
+pf = CRST

2p+2x
+ p
log we
equation

log|c|
x, 9r 3yp
cdx+f(c) in (*p)=0
w.r.t. ORDER

we
equation (1), |p| get,
d dp
x,
we pfaplp+2)
get, +9r=0,x>
we is
log J2[- +fap)p+2pr y=2px+frp')
y-2px=f(rp')
AND
get,
|
ey)] get,
p.2x-2 is HIGHER

p'x= c|
xp'-3
which
c
or
it
does -o DEGREE

0. not
yp+9x
is logle'|
d the contain

required

= dedp
0
solution.

We
get,

..(1)
..(1) 227
 5,4.
228

Differentiating

Let Equations which Dividing Or Eliminating Integrating Separating Rejecting or or

the
dy (1) it fa, xc-3y.

is is 3 2p-x 2p p
can
given
cy 2p-x=0,
solvable
y, the both
x-3cyx+9x=0
=
p) the x

--
1
be
Solvable general
cx+9 p 18x 3
differential
dp
w.r.t. expressed = sides from
log
2
log
2
variables,

p 9x
dr dp
0
forx
cx'+9=0
x x =0 p
18x
+$p+:
y, solution.
by (1)
+ + dp
for x*, and log log which

as
equation

x we or 6x
we (2), p=c c= c=
2
p 9x
x get,
get,
p=x" does
we log log
d dp
g(V, 3x
be cr-3 get, p p
not =
d 0
dp
contain
p)

cy+9
or or BRILLIANT

dx dp
= -, 2

we p-
0

get, 18x

DIFFERENTIAL

dp

n2 9x p' EQUAT0Y

..2) ...) •.(2)

d ap dp

Sol. Example general.

functions

(2) Separating
Differentiatng
LLUSTRATIVE If
the
EQUA

The Elimination Let or

and x=c+
elimination
TIONS
from solution
given general
(3) y= dy 1. of F(YP,
dy dp-P dy a
p
y=c-
give (1), = variables, dp p dy
Solve
n OF
a a l x=y+a differential
say,
log x=c-a
log of solution FIRST

the a
l-p 1+ W.I.t.
x*y+a (1) between
of c)=0
log| -1 |l x
required

- we
p P
dy dp dy
a y, logp
in =i
the
p
between
ORDER

log l-p|
Pc get,
we equation
(l) of
logp, parametric
(P, (3)
get.
solution.
|1 and (ifit AND
-p|talog
c), (1)
p>0.
is y (4) and
p a =
is
is
solvable)
HIGHER

dy dp
form.
not
(4)
(p, (if
possible, DEGREE
possible)
p
c).
-1 EXAMPLES
These
be
then
two gives

we
equations
express the
general

together
x,
solution
y

separately

...(3) ...(2) give

...(1)
of ...(4) ...(3)
(1). 229
the
as
 Example
Sol. Example 230
(vii) (iii)
(•) () or Putting
. Integrating Separating Rejecting or or or Differentiating
or The
x py x=ytp p=
3. given
py+p'
Solve
y'=2 P2p 2px=y-y'p 2.
this
tan Solve
+2px log p
cx+e', value the 2p 2p differential

the |py|= log 2p

variables, -=0,
ly|=-
typ=0, w.r.t.
y=
=y 1+p
following

of 2p 2p2
y 2
which
p
C log or y,
2px+y'p'.

in p dp-py?
equation

(), c' log dy dp

differential
or
dy dp
which
-yp-py?.
dy
is we
|lp|+log
-=-1
the
y= get, does is
required dp
y=
(vi) (iv) equations:
y lpy|=c' c not
(i) dp 2px+y'p

contain
dy
p'+ ayp x=py
solution.
42
BRILLIANT
or
8y'=4pxy

+ or dy dp
(2x-b) -p,
we
py
lp|>1 get, I
DIFFERENTIALI
=c
p-y

=
0

p
dy EQUNTIO

=0

Sol. EQUA
(ii) Now or or Integrating Separating
pifferentiating
or
1-p"
differentiating
The (1)
of
() TIONS
dy The
P = given and
given OF,
pt} tan
the
= (2)
y=
Jd= dy FIRST
equation variables,

(y- constitute

w.r.
x= p=x equation

dp2p (l+p')l |@p')p2p]4

2p)
w.r.t. J1+p*y.2p
l+p ORDER

t. 1+
dp y is
1+p I-p (1+p²)? y, p
P l+p
is
we the dy 2-+
X=Py-p
solution.
= 1+p
2dp tanp p=
AND

get, (+p4p
which +c
tanx HIGHER

2p cy
dp dp
is -p=yP
linear

P-2p)
dp 1+p,
DEGREE

equation

dp

dp
in
y

...(1)

231
 232

Or Differentiating

(ii) (2) or or or or

and y=.
The
dyd-|+2
putting y=(
its LF.
2p- given
(3) solution

d
constitute

value
1 -
w.r.t. equation "p-1žogip*

p
p is
y, of
p we
the p
or
is required
in
or get, x=ytp
(1),

2 = we
1+2p
get,
dydp solution.

Ve-1) p-1
dy
I-p skk

BRILLIANT

or

I-p 2p'
DI
DIFFERENTIAL

-
dp

dy

I
EQUATIO

.(2) .(3)
.2)

EQUAT
Or
(v) or or or or or pifferentiating
or
(n) (2) or Putting
TIONS
The
ac ay(2x putting
py log y aand
+
|y|+
,.--p The x „=c-
y(l-
given
(2-b)c-y' c 2x= (3) value
OF
2p
value
P=0 dp given
c-
(oo
FIRST
constitute
equation
log P
p') 0 w.r.t.
p
b-ayp equation
[2p+
[p of
- of |p|= +2p+2log
y ORDER

p in
b)
y, the log
2
is in log|c|
we (1),
py+2px*y
0 -y (1),
p --(p) get.
+b is required |1
we
AND
which
we ayp -pl]
=0 get,
|1 get, HIGHER

-p)+p
is
the rejecting
+
(2x-
solution.

log -0 DEGREE
required 0
lpy|=
= b)
loglc| p
-y
solution. log + =
0
|e| a
which

does

not

contain

dp ...(3)
233
 234

or or Differentiating
or
(v) which or or or Diflerentiating

x= The Putting integrating,

_2,2y dy log
is 1.-p_(1+p)
dy
4
py
8yp given the
|y
required
value |+ p
w.r.t.
2 4
equation

*2*=y
log
we
dy 2p p´ 2p 2p 2p w.I.t.

py =0,
d dp y, solution.
of |p|=
get,
+1,
y,
we p
2y p get, Or
is
p+8y´
in
(1), log
or
2
y(l+p´)

2
y(1+p°)

2p
we

get,

d do we (c) dy
p p

or
4 get,
4y p y
=4p
y=2 dy dp dy dp dy dp

p
=0 =0
-0 =0
dy
!
aBRILLIANT

xy cx+

LAITNEREFFIDTEQUATINN

or or EOUATIONS
Or pifferentiating
or or
(vi) is Squaring,
or or or
the
its I.F.
(o+2p) The requires y
solution

= cy Py
from 2 integrating,

2y
given
(4x-c)=64y?
(4*-)= log
e
we (1), lpl-log dyap-
FIRST
solution.
w.r.t. get,
is
=
equation

dy P. p=
log we
8y? cy+8
+2 x, 0 ORDER
p
1-p² 2p2 ly|= get,
p p
we
is (4 lel
p? dy dp get, x- y=4pxy
log|c|
Vl-p which *=py+p
or log AND

c |
24P=0
Or
y = P c| HIGIIER
y=
is =C(*-c} 64y
-dp
linear
y+2p=l-p
Fc
p-p-o+
+ or DEGREE

c +c in p'=
y
cy
p
2p)
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(c-)
235
method
method
5.6. 5.5.
236

Case Equations

discussed
Its Case Two
A
differential
Case
Its Case
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differential
Equations
(2) x=p Putting

solution discussed
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pg), cases p*g(y),
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FIRST
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y-b
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y=bt(rt
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d dp
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237
 238

or
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(1) Or (iii) Integrating, Separating

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de dy) (2) de
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log
a a
log ...(2)
...(1)

a) 239
 or
Sol.
Either Example
240

Combining
or

ytc+
Separating
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The
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tyte=- ty+e----a)}? dx
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and variables
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(2)
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2
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= +p),
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a)
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general a) and a'

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=
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has (JU.2015) EQUNTIN

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...2)

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(ii) constitute
or Separating or or or
and
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integrating,

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(2) 2y+e- 2 s
= given
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(4
constitute

the FIRST
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required
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ap y, (*-
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P
or J

p
c=
4
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...(2) dp ...(1)

241
 242
or or
(v) But or Or or
or
The (iv)
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integrating,

ot given
differentiating

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(1),
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0

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EQUNTIO

Sol. Example we eame

Case As 5.7.
ILLUSTRATIVE can form EQUATIONS
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solve II. I Two Let Equations or
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given 1. M the

a)
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Solve
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solvable
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solvable
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xp-2 Homogeneous
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and ..(1)
the to 243
(1)
 Sol. Example

The 244
or
Separating
or
given
Put or
px-p*y)-y'=
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Solve t t y=VN

sin sin'u=
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p= e
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1 d: du
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x|
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2
=
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Proof: explicitly

5.9. 58. Sol. Example

Prove Clairaut's EUA

An or or The or
The
y=px+f y=cx
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TIONS
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3. is integrating,

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Solve the log
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|

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c*
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is

x
...(1)
not
245
y
 Equation.
Note Note singular solution Note

This 246
or or
3. Replace
2. 1.
which Eliminating
where
or
Rule
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Differentiating

dp [p-i If Ifwe
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Differentiating

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is
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Note Erample
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Whenever TIONS
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LUSTRATIVE
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ORDER

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solvable

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Or
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y
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be EXAMPLESI
P*ptx
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dp by
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putting
1)
1
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P
(Put (J.U.

=c
p= 2015)
...(1)
in 247
the
c)
 Sol. singular
Example Another

which
Puttingp=cin where
. Either

:. .* Differentiating

()
(vii)
()
(iii)
() This Putting
248

y=cxt
p=c

is c 0= p= dp-l+xP The
ypx p= y=px+cos
y=px+
solution:
Form
required
dy 3. is y=+Vx-1-sin-!

is p+x+a log a
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given Solve singular this p
a
c =
0
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(px
ap
:
Solve value
solution.
(c- (1), (2 w.r.t.
differential

constant.
p-)) -y) p (p-1) the
ap solution.

1) we d sin ofp
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we (p- (px-y)
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1) get 1) equation
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(1),

p
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we
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2014)
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d (vii)
equations

(v) (iv) (i)

BRILLIANT

ypx+p-p
y=px+ya'p'
y=px y=pxtp

for
DIFFERENTIAL

complete

+
sinp

+b? solution:s

EQUNTION
...2)
.(1)

or which Eliminating where Either

i: pifferentiating
which
or or
EQUATIONS

(i) Putting or
x+3
is c 0= The y y
required
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(* singular
this
=
arbitrary
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p =0 + pl+*+3
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pr+p value 1
= FIRST

solution.

contract.
differential

solution.
: a -.
(1)
d d x, (a-*)
p
of
=
ORDER

and we 4 0
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(), AND
4
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2 get
get
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a)
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...(1)
.(2) 249
 Differentiating

(iv) which 250

Putting
or which Eliminating
where Either
Differentiating

J=px (ii) which

Putting

x
d
The

given
is
singular
y=x
value
cos

p
-
sin
is
y=ct

c =
0
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required
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t sin = p arbitrary
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given singular this
p =0
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W.r.t. sin differential =0 p·l+*
cosC value
from
p
d dp
solutions.

solution.
p) d w.r.t. differential

+ x, in -(sin
solution.

we (1), (1) constant.

de còs of
Sinp
and
dp x, p
get we we p
equation
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get =x (2), p
de
p
get equation
3
(1),

dp or we we
is p= get d get
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x
BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUAATIONG

.2) .()

EQUATIONS
Differentiating
This
(v) Putting
(6) (a) or or
p= The is y=V-1+sin-1
a or Pam Either
=p:l+tx
log given singular this s

OF
p*ptx
(Px-y) value (l), FIRST

d w,r.t. differential
I-p?l-p=
solution. 1 y=cX- dp
ofp 1
=0, ORDER

d x, dp+
|ap
d we in 2
or (1), =0, i.e.,
=0
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HIGHER

get, which
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el
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the
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solution.

-..(1)
251
 252

which Eliminating where Either Differentiating

(vi) which Putting or which Eliminating where .".pC Either

y=cx+

c dr dy
y= The
y=x
x-eP
is - is is c
value
required
is given
singular required
is
p
arbitrary
d dp =
p·l+x
px+a
log
=0
arbitrary
d dp
a'p p
x-x ofp
solution.
from
0 w.r.t. differential from -0
solution.
solution.

(1)
constant

p'+b? in
d dp x, (1), (1)
constant.

0 and a'p we
e
and
dp we =x
(2), get equation

get (2),
2
Ja'p'+b? we
dx a'p we K82CA

get
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dp R3
x
BRILLIANT

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONg

...(2)

0)

EQUA
which where
:
Eliminating
Either Differentiating

(vi) which
or or Putting
x+|-3 y= p= y= y= y=
TIONS

is c The y=t
is a'p+b2
required cx+c-e is dp px+p- 5
arbitrary p+(*+1-3p')
given singular
t ± this
a2 OF
p Pl+x aya'-* aya?-?
p FIRST
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=0 solution.
solution.

() x, p'
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ofp * ORDER

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3
(2), get equation a'-? Va-,b
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(1),
or
AND
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xt get get
p=a HIGHER

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aya'-2
p+ DEGREE

bx

...(2) ...(1)

253
 254

which or Putting which Eliminating where Differentiating

Either
(vii) which Putting

4y= p=
is
x+1-2 y= c
p=c
0= dx dy
this is The is
P
singular
required
cx+c-c? is y=px+ singular
this
(x+1-2 p+(r+l-2Pdr
(r+I)² arbitrary

value
p =0 given
value *+1
p=0 from pl+*
w.r.t.
solution.

of solution.

(p-p')
differential solution.

of
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>
p)

dx x, p
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(1l), 2p=x+1
(1),
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y= p= s3
BRILLIANT

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5tf.(2) E
EQUNTONG

Sol. EtampleEQUA
Differentiating

(i) which
i. Putting
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Eliminating where Either .. Differentiating
() () TIONS
y=px
The y= x-2p=0 y= y= y=
dy
is
4y
c
0= p
The 4.
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= required cx- is P+(*-2 px-p?
Solve
OF
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px-
pl+r value p
arbitrary
d dp given
FIRST

w.r.t. differential
or c from
-0 the
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of
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p).
de
W.r.t.
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or
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P,2 x, p 2p p) de
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4 get
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pr DEGREE

...(1) ...(2) ...(1)

255
 Sol. Example

256
Hence,
or or
The which Putting or which Eliminating
where .. Either

(1) which given

its y'+**(
5. y=c*-2
pC
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is is c
solution this
a singular required
is
is equation
Clairaut's

Clairaut's
value
(1)
arbitrary
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is
the
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EOUATIOS
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(i) which Putting Rejecting

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value
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Clairaut's y'-ry'
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Solve
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+
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...(1)

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257
 Example
equation
5.10.
258

(v) (ii) (9 or
Its In Consider
Equations
Putting
Now Rejecting Differentiating

ILLUSTRATIVE
solution
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xyp- y=2px
y-2 1. y=cx+f(c)
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reduces

Y y=
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Solve
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-P x
dr
(say)
not
= solution.
contain
dX, of
(v) (iv)
(i) constant.
form. variables
Form

2
EXAMPLLES y
y-2px= xy(y-
y= BRILLIANT

dy d,
2px =
we
dY in
px) +y'p' a get
tan'(xp'). suitable
DIFFERENTIAL

=
xtpy

manner

UoEATION
the
given

Or Hence, which Sol. EOUA

Put or
() Hence
Let Put
(9
Multiplying TIONS
its is () 2yp
y'=Y y'-(2py)r+
The
(2)
we
a =YPrt becomes
the dx The
y'=cx
solution Clairaut's

= given Y=cx+
solution
becomes, have y= OF
given
P =Yso
where -2(p)
or equation

t
2yp=P
2pxy
both
equation
FIRST

is p 4
equation. 2y 4
is Y=Px+÷
that sides
=P ORDER:

+y'p'
d 2py)3
is 2y x* by
Y=cxt P 8 is
y'=2pxy+p
2py' y, AND
d y=2px
4
(Note
we
y=2px+yp'

P, get,
HIGHER

which it)
+typ?

DEGREE

is
of
Clairaut's

form.

(Replacing

(Put

p
by ...(2)
...() P=
c)
...(2) ...
c) 259
(1)
 260

Put or Or (iv) Or Integrating,

To or (iii)
bring
The
y(y-p)= its from 2x y=2px The
|x|=|X*|I
solution 2px=
given p=
=+1+pxy dx dX (1) given

(1), we
dY2y x=X, equation de dX
in
Clairaut's
+f(xp)
PX,
is y=2 get,
X
equation

2x
1
+ dX where

y'=Y ax**sx
d
P is d: p= form, is
xy()-px)=x

which = x=X*

P dx y-2px
we
d
-,P=
(x') dX must
is
a
Clariaut's
dX =f(rp),
have
y'-pxy
2X >
+py P BRILLIANT

log
equation |x|=2
x>0
=|+P

log| DIFFERENTIAL
D

X|

EOu,
UATIO

..(.)

EQUA

or Differentiating

(vi) or or Putting
()
Let
TIONS

-p p=2p Given
its Y= PX
p²X-(X+

[p²x-
From The
its
which
(1)
dX
solution

PX (P- p
x given
y'=cx*
solution becomes OF
I+**p* + equation
(l) Px = is FIRST

+ 1) 2x
p
2 Clairaut's
2x+ w.r.t. we X, equation
P-1 (* y
y=y
is P
+P=Y
Y+ get, dx dyPY + is
4 d y'=cx*+C
Y=cX+
+y´ (1 ORDER

x, is which +
YcX+(1tc)
Y=
we 1) xy
1+x*p
y= is c) equation

(P- P PX
p I+*P
get, +
Y
+I)P
p² xyp-(+y-1)p
+(1+
AND

2px+ isa 1)
y
or
c-1 =0 +y']*-0 HIGHER

P=
-
Clairaut's

l+**p tan(*p) P)
(x
2
px
+y
P DEGREE

equation

dp +2pr where

de -1)+xy
+xy
P
y Px
=
dX
=
0

=0

Rejecting

...(1) 261
.(1)
 Sol. Example

262
(vii)
or
(v) (ii)
() (v) () or Putting Integrating.
Rejecting or or
The
(p3y-.) (pr-»)-*p
given
(p- (+) y (p-y)
2. y= y=
log Solve
2+ the
-p- l)e+p'
y
2
cyx+ value
p+2r"

equation
=p
(1
+p-2 xy
(py log +p
ofp x
tan P
tanc') +2 -0
is p' x) in
= (c), (1).
log
- (r hp or 0,
(px-y)
0 p=
*) which
we which

get log
(I
does
(py e
p) is
+
(vii)
(«+py) the or not
*) (iv) (ü)
-hp
required
xp contain

BRILLIANT

x + (p- *o-px)
=c
(r solution.

P tpy)' dx dp
1)+p'
or
-f} we
DIFFERENTLAL

-
2
-p'y p= get
-xyp)

-0
EOUNTI

FOATIONS

or or or Put or Hence
Hence (i) This Put of
The

its Y-
() its
equation

(2)
becomes,
given
solution solution becomes, OF
PX
-
Px X, X.
FIRST

equation
is dX
+ Y
y=Y
of dY y= -ORDER

is P, - is Clairaut's

Y
pxy-}=

Y which PX or Y-cX-e =PXhP

or Y
so so
cX+
-p that
is
P
x*(y-pr) that AND
is
of
- 2x
form
P
P +I P(say)
2x PP
h HIGHER

Clairaut's (say)
d= where dt py
or or
=py
=
d, dX,
Py DEGREE

form 2y P 2
=Y y
dy y
y'-Pr-p²

Y Y

(Put (Put

P ...(1) P
...(2)
263
c) c)
 . Put
264

.
Dividing
(v) or or or or Putting or

The
Put (iv) Hence
or where
Put
2x+2y e= (ii)
(*+)-2 (+y')
(XP- eX, The
by
given Y=cX+&
Y= this 2e' log
the = () y log The
given Px+
becomes,

(1 ce+ XP y= solution
d
Y) value p= P=
ds +y' tp),
(1+p' equation
XP dy y= given

+ X'+ p= cx+

=Y
(*+y)
P', - =
differential

P, Py
dt d dt
of
equation

we Y P which
which X*p² is y'=
and -2 is
+ p (say),
Y or
and
tp) get, (*+y) P² in or so
xty is =0 = (1),
that equation
=
cx+c
is Pyxy p-P is
0
l+ of we X of
= (1 Or 2 Clairaut's y
X +p)
Clairaut's
get,
p= d + log
p²y?
du dX is
(r (-)-(*Y-0 PX de y=pxy

+py) form.
= (p- form.
dX,
1)e**
+ Its
2 +p BRILLIANT

(xtpy' e
solution

dy= +p'

dY e=0
= i

DIFFERENTIAL

(Divide

(Put
(Put EQUNTN
..(2) ..() P=c) by
X) Po
)

EQUAT
Put (vi) Or or or or Put or
(v) Its : 4TIONS

de The its y= solution

The
given
solution

PX
from aY )
=X, given becomes,
2
OF
x.2y
and
equation
+
Pwhich
(1), e +y-caty)
is (x EIRST

e=Y equation
Y=cX +py)
is
dy Y=
we P=2+pPy),
d =ce+
get,y PX- Y =
ORDER

- is
Y=cX+
so -2x.-P-0
y.2x
is that is 2 dY
a (x
*-=f'-xyp) Clairaut's

(PX-
(PX

or e
(p- P
which
1+p
1+p
+
py)
and
AND

-}x-(-o 1+p= HIGHER

and p d= 1l)e*+pe?=0
-where

Y)x, Pa
dv equation
PX–Y dX, is
X Yp of
Clairaut's P de dX DEGREE

e'
=
3 +
p
p'x0
where
dy
=
dY

dY
=0 form.
P=
dX
1+p x+
P)

(Put

...(1)
...() P
=c)
265
 266

or Put or (viii) or Or
:.
Y=Px+f(P)
from
Px-y=Px from ý-P
2-p The c*= its P=y-yp
dX
dY
solution Y= -Px2
P= given (1), =xyp
(1), - (c-)f(c).
C
PX 2x(py*-y).y'-pxy

we
P*y Y, we
equation
is f(P) get, r(-2)
get, f(P)
which Y=cX-e
C
2
Y-(Px+ or where which x* or where

is is
or
p=Px+ or
a p
Clairaut's y-Pxy.x=
P= 2-p- y is
a y-P
P=
=c Clairaut's P22 1 xy dX
Y) dx
=f(P)
2=Px+ dy
Y-PX y'
equation
f(c) cx? f(P)
1
BRILLIANT
equations

=P)
Y f(P)
-P fP) 1

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATlON

.)

Sol. Example3. EQUATIONS

which or Put Multiplying

or of
The
from given
is dX aY_2y its
a a solution
XP OF
Y
Clairaut's
axyp Use

,
(1), equation

= Y + 2x by transformations FIRST

cX we
(1+ XP
d
equation a -
bP
get,
we is
+(r-ay-
y= X=cx+f(c)
is ORDER

1+
bc Y P)= axyp
Y=cx

ac
= = a
XP+ p
get, cx+xf(c)

PX PX Y or
AND

+f(c)
X
and (1 (| +
1+aP +a (X-aY- P= = HIGHER

bP
+a (*- b)p-xy=

its ,Y-y
solution
P)
P)
p
ay-
–bP DEGREE

is
b)
P-Y=0
where
b) 0. to
solve
p
-xy=
dY

=P
0

1+ac

bc

...(1)
267