Name: _______________________________________________

Unit 4 Energy

Date:

Time:

Total marks available:

Total marks achieved: ______

Questions
Q1.

A helicopter is stationary above the ground.

A bag of sand is dropped from the helicopter.

(a) (i) The bag falls 6.3 m.

The mass of the bag is 19 kg.
Calculate the gravitational potential energy (GPE) change for the bag.
[GPE change = mass × gravitational field strength × height change]
(2)

GPE change = ........................................................... J

(ii) State the kinetic energy (KE) gained by the bag after falling 6.3 m.
You can ignore the effects of air resistance.
(1)

KE gained = ........................................................... J

(b) Closer to the ground, the effects of air resistance cannot be ignored.
The bag travels at a constant speed when the air resistance equals the weight of the bag.
The bag has a mass of 19 kg.
Calculate the value of the air resistance when the bag travels at constant speed.
(2)

air resistance = .............................................................. N

(c) The bag hits the ground and stops without bouncing.
The Sankey diagram shows energy transfers for the bag from just before the bag hits the ground to
when the bag stops.
 Use words from the box to complete the labels A, B and D. Label C has been done for you. Each word
may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(3)
A: energy transferred mechanically from the bag's .............................................................. store
B: energy transferred mechanically to the bag's .............................................................. store
C: energy transferred mechanically to the ground's thermal store
D: energy transferred .............................................................. to the surroundings

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q2.

(a) Diagram 1 shows a metal ball held at rest above the floor.

The metal ball has a mass of 0.52 kg and is held at a height of 0.82 m above the floor.
(i) State the formula linking gravitational potential energy (GPE), mass, g and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the decrease in the metal ball's GPE store when the ball falls to the floor from this height.
 (2)

decrease in GPE store = ........................................................... J

(iii) State the amount of energy in the metal ball's kinetic store just before it hits the floor.
Ignore the effects of air resistance.
(1)
energy in kinetic store = ........................................................... J
(iv) Calculate the speed of the metal ball just before it hits the floor.
(4)

speed = ........................................................... m/s

(b) The metal ball is dropped from rest again from the same height above the floor, as shown in diagram
2.
The metal ball now falls through a cylinder containing oil rather than the air.

The speed of the ball just before it hits the floor when moving in oil is less than the speed of the ball
just before it hits the floor when moving in air.
Explain, using ideas about energy, the difference in speeds.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q3.

A light bulb used in homes converts electrical energy into light energy.

The input power of the light bulb is 52 W.

The efficiency of the light bulb is 5.0%.

Calculate the amount of light energy output by the lamp in 9.0 hours of use.

light energy output = ........................................................... J

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q4.

The photographs show two different breeds of cat.

Cat X has no fur and light-coloured skin.

Cat Y has thick, black fur.

Both cats have the same body temperature and transfer energy to their surroundings when they are
outside on a cold day.

Compare how cat X and cat Y transfer energy to their surroundings.

Refer to conduction, convection and radiation in your answer.

(6)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q5.

The diagram shows a container of water.

The container has a heater in the bottom corner, a temperature sensor and a lid.
(a) Explain how a convection current is formed in the container.
You may add to the diagram or draw your own diagram to support your answer.
(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The graph shows how the temperature sensor reading changes with time.
It shows the change in temperature when the container is full of water and when the container is
empty.
 (i) Describe the relationship between temperature and time when the container is full of water.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain the differences between the two curves on the graph.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q6.

The diagram shows a skier of weight 830 N skiing down a very steep slope.
The skier starts from rest at point T.

The force of gravity accelerates him down the slope.

(a) When he reaches point B his kinetic energy is 5.5 × 104 J.

State the gravitational potential energy of the skier at T.
You should assume there is no friction on the slope.
(1)

gravitational potential energy = ........................................................... J

(b) The skier stops at point P due to friction.

The distance from B to P is 73 m.
(i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the mean frictional force as the skier moves from B to P.
(3)

mean force = ........................................................... N

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q7.

(a) The boxes give some situations and some energy stores.
Draw one straight line from each situation to the energy store that decreases for that situation.
The first one has been done for you.
(4)

(b) Energy is transferred when a filament lamp is connected to a battery.

(i) Which method of energy transfer takes place between the battery and the lamp?
(1)
A electrical
B heating
C mechanical
D radiation

(ii) Which method of energy transfer takes place between the lamp and the surroundings?
(1)
A electrical
B light radiation
C mechanical
D sound radiation

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q8.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

The Skylon Tower in Canada has external elevators. The elevators transport people from the bottom of
the tower to a viewing deck at the top of the tower.
(a) (i) An elevator moves upwards at a constant speed.
Which energy store of the elevator increases as the elevator moves upwards?
(1)
A chemical
B gravitational
C kinetic
D magnetic

(ii) The elevator is pulled upwards using a motor.

Thick steel cables connect the elevator to the motor.
How is energy transferred usefully from the motor to the elevator?
(1)
A by heating
B by radiation
C electrically
D mechanically

(b) The viewing deck at the top of the tower rotates and completes one full rotation every hour.
The mechanism that rotates the viewing deck is powered by a 2.2 kW motor.
(i) Which of these is the definition of the term power?
(1)
A the amount of charge transferred
B the amount of energy transferred
C the rate of charge transferred
D the rate of energy transferred

(ii) Which of these is the same power as 2.2 kW?

(1)
A 0.0022 W
B 0.022 W
C 220 W
D 2200 W

(iii) How many seconds does the viewing deck take to complete one full rotation?
(1)
A 24 s
B 60 s
C 3600 s
D 86 400 s
 (Total for question = 5 marks)

Q9.

(a) The diagram shows a ball of dough, of mass 580 g, held at a height of 92 cm above the floor.

Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy (GPE) stored in the ball of dough when it is
above the floor.
(3)

GPE = ........................................................... J

(b) The ball of dough hits the floor and does not rebound.
Describe the energy transfers taking place from when the dough is dropped to after it has hit the floor.
You should refer to energy stores as well as transfers between energy stores at these stages.

· before the dough is dropped

· just before the dough hits the floor
· after the dough has hit the floor
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.

Q2.
Q3.
Q4.

Q5.
Q6.

Q7.
Q8.

Q9.