Journal of Acharaya Narendra Dev Research Institute l ISSN : 0976-3287 l Vol-27 (Jan 2019-Jun 2019)

Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop

concentration in Kushinagar District, Uttar Pradesh
Manindra Kushawaha*, Dr. Arvind Kr. Yadav**, Prof. D.C. Pandey***

Abstract

Study area Kushinagar district is situated in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. Soil of the district is
deposited by the Gandak and its tributaries, which is very fertile alluvial soil. Good quality soil and three
seasons help to grow three seasonal crops of Rabi, Kharif and Jayad. Many crops like – Wheat, Paddy, Maize,
Turmeric, Mustard, Sugar Cane and various vegetable. Here some crops are very dense, then some crops are
less dense. With the primacy of one crop, so many other crops are grown simultaneously in one season.
Looking at these characteristics of agricultural activities of Kushinagar district we studied crop concentration
of the three main crops – Rice, Wheat and Sugarcane here, which shows that
I – Rice production is abundant in all parts of the district but rice concentration in the southern block of the
district is high level and rice concentration in the northern block is low level.
II – Such that wheat production is in all parts of the district but wheat concentration in the southern block of
the district is high level and in the northern blocks is low level.
III – Such that sugarcane production is in all parts of the district but sugarcane concentration is high level
in the northern and eastern part and in the southern and western part is low level.

Key Word – Agricultural Regionalization, Measurement, Crop, Crop Production, Crop Concentration.

Introduction

"Crop concentration specifically refer to the concentration or density of crop in any area or region."
Crop, animal and agricultural-industrial concentration means to find region clearly dominated by that
particular steak without overlapping for example paddy region of eastern India and cotton region of black soil.
Higher the crop concentration index denotes more interest of farmer to grow the crop. Spatial diversity
(variations) of crop concentration quantity is mainly due to the various physical and socio-economic factors
like relief, soil, water, money and also technology.
Various qualitative and quantitative techniques and methods are used to calculate the crop
concentration. In these quantitative are more appreciated and useful. Some important method are as –

I – First Method

Location Quotient method of Florence, 1948

In this method location quotient or locational coefficient is used to calculate the crop concentration.
Formula used is as –
Ec . Tc Ec Tn
. or x
En Tn En Tc

Where – Ec = Area of the crop in any state or region.

En = Area of the crop in the country.
Tc = Area under all crops in that state or region.
Tn = Area under all crops in the country.
* Research Scholor, Dept. of Geography, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
**Asstt. Professor, Dept. of Geography, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Kumaun University, Nainital
***Prof. D.C. Pandey, Dept. of Geography, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital

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 Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop concentration in Kushinagar District

This method is very simple to use but results remains vague as many other factors are also reflect the crop
concentration in any area or region except area of that crop.
II – Second Method

Chisholm's Method, 1962

Method of crop concentration used by Florence further modified Chisholm in 1962. He modified the
formula as –
Ec Tc
En Tn

These difference either may be positive or negative. By adding these positive and negative amount
seperalty and dividing them by 100, which can get a coefficient ranges between 0 to 1.

III – Third Method

Bhatia's Method, 1965

Bhatia in 1965 used location quotient method to calculate crop concentration.
Formula – Concentration of 'A' crop =

Area of 'A' crop in regional unit Area of 'A' crop in the country
-..
Area of all crops in regional unit Area of all crops in the country

IV – Fourth Method

Jasbir Singh's Method, 1976

To calculate crop concentration in the country Jasbir Sigh, 1976 used this formula. He suggested to
use only food crops like Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sugarcane, Jwar and black gram only.

Formula -
Pae Pae
C= Ci = x 100
Par Par

Where - C = Crop concentration

Ci = Crop concentration exponent
Pae = Percentage of 'A' crop in the cropped area in region or unit.
Par = Percentage of 'A' crop in the cropped area in country.
Agricultural Region – "It is the part of the land having similarities in the crops growing in these region and also
it keeps visible variation from nearby region." Region can be easily identified with the help of agricultural
regions, but it is very difficult to set its fixed boundary.
In Kushinagar district agricultural regionalization have been done by crop concentration method.
This method is used mainly in those regions where life-solidarity agriculture is more common, where most
crops are produced to fulfill the daily food needs of the farmers. Here agricultural regions mainly demarcated
with the help of ranking and merit of the crops. Indian geographers more dominantly used the food crops for
such practices. Here more importance have given to food crops while role of meat, animal husbandry, milk
production, poultry considered less important or negligible. This approach was mainly adopted by P.Sen
Gupta, S.S. Bhatia, N.P. Ayyar, Prof. Jasbir Singh, M.F. Siddique all had used crop concentration method for
agricultural regionalization.

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Journal of Acharaya Narendra Dev Research Institute l ISSN : 0976-3287 l Vol-27 (Jan 2019-Jun 2019)

1- Study Area

The district Kushinagar is located in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh and hold an important position
among 75 district of Uttar Pradesh. Kushinagar district is part of the great northern plain (Middle Ganga Plain).
It extends between 26o33' N and 27o18' N latitudes and 83o29' E and 84o26' E longitude. It is surrounded by
Nepal, Bihar and three district of U.P. That in the north is Nepal country, in the west are Maharaj Gunj and
Grorakhpur district. In the south are Deoria and Gopalgunj (Bihar), in the east is west champaran (Bihar)
district. The river Gandak delimits district is east boundary and separates west champaran (Bihar) from
Kushinagar district. River Choti Gandak delimits district is west boundary and separates Maharaj Gunj district
from Kushinagar district. Kushinagar district is located around NH-28 and 20 km. east of Gorakhpur city and
covers an area 2906 km2.

1- Objective –
i- To analyze the pattern of main crop (Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane) in Kushinagar district.
ii- To analyze the crop conentnation in Kushinagar district.
iii- To explain the imbalances of agricultural development by Agricultural Regionalization through crop
concentration method.

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 Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop concentration in Kushinagar District

2- Date and Methodology –

There will be used secondary data in this study. Under these circumstances for secondary data,
information was collected from district statistical magazine, irrigation department and some information had
also been collected from private bodies, block, tehsil level.

Methodology
Both qualitative as well as quantitative techniques and methods are used for calculating crop
concentration. In between quantitative methods are more clear and reliable, thus more in use.
In this paper Bhatia's (1965, Page 39-56) method has been used to calculated crop concentration in the study
area.
Formula used is – Index for crop Concentration of crop 'A' =
Area of crop 'A' in the areal unit Area of crop 'A' in the district
-..
Area of all crops in the areal unit Area of all crops in the district
In this spatial values are denoted on the map and crop distribution can be easily compared on similar scale.
Regions of crops, animals and agricultural industries can be identified easily by this method.Result and

Discussion
(1) Crop concentration of Rice –
More or less all the block produced rice in Kushinagar district. Average crop concentration index of
Rice in Kushinagar is about 1.03. The blocks of high crop concentration index in Kushinagar are Fazilnagar
(1.46), Sukrauli (1.39), Hata (1.16), Padrauna (1.15) and Kasia (1.15). Where as Khadda (.73) – Lowest,
Bishunpura (.75), Dudahi (.77), Ramkola (.83) and Seorahi (.68) are the block with lower crop concentration
index of Rice crop.
Main reason for high crop concentration index of Rice is hot-humid climate and socio-economic
conditions of the farmers.
Table – 1
Rice Crop Concentration in Kushinagar District (2015)
(In Descending Order)
S. No. Block Net Sown Area Rice Area Rice Crop
(In hec) (In hec) Concentration

1 Fazil Nagar 12232 9685 1.46

2 Sukrauli 12846 9667 1.39

3 Hata 13941 8777 1.16

4 Patrauna 22410 13396 1.15

5 Kasia 12238 7625 1.15

6 Kaptangunj 14634 9026 1.14

7 Tamkuhi 14987 9176 1.13

8 Motichak 14080 8305 1.09

9 Nebua Naurangia 16168 8190 .93

10 Seorahi 18195 8532 .86

11 Ramkola 17741 7968 .83

12 Dudahi 16888 7105 .77

13 Bishunpura 18594 7543 .75

14 Khadda 19609 7736 .73

Total 225185 123321 1.03

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

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Journal of Acharaya Narendra Dev Research Institute l ISSN : 0976-3287 l Vol-27 (Jan 2019-Jun 2019)

Table – 2
Index of Rice crop concentration in Kushinagar District (2015)
(By Group)
S.No. Rice Concentration Index Blocks

1 1.30> High Fazilnagar, Sukrauli

2 1.00 to 1.30 Medium Hata, Padrauna, Kasia, Kaptan Gunj,

Tamkuri, Motichak

3 .70 to 1.00 Low Nebua Naurangia, Seorahi, Ramkola

Dudahi, Bishunpura, Khadda

Total Kushinagar
1.03

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

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 Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop concentration in Kushinagar District

(2) Crop Concentration of Wheat –

Wheat is the second important food crop of the study area. All blocks produce wheat here in Kushinagar.
Crop concentration index for wheat in Kushinagar district is 1.04. Block wise high index of wheat is Fazalnagar
(1.54), Sukrauli (1.54), Tamkuhi (1.19), Kaptangunj (1.17), Motichak (1.17), Hata (1.15), Kasial (1.13) and
Padrauna (1.0). Lowest index of wheat concentration is in Khadda block is .68 other are Bishunpura (.74),
Nebua Naurangia (.77), Ramkola (.78) and Dudhi (.85).
Production of wheat is become high quantity in Kushinagar district because Kushinagar district is
situated in temperate part of India.
Table – 3
Wheat Crop Concentration Index in Kushinagar District (2015)
(In Descending Order)
S. No. Block Net Sown Area Wheat Area Wheat Crop
(In hec) (In hec) Concentration
Index

1 Fazil Nagar 12232 9645 1.54

2 Sukrauli 12846 10096 1.54

3 Tamkuhi 14987 9115 1.19

4 Kaptangunj 14634 8755 1.17

5 Motichak 14080 8444 1.17

6 Hata 13941 8243 1.15

7 Kasia 12238 7081 1.13

8 Padrauna 22410 11537 1.00

9 Seorahi 18195 7978 .85

10 Dudahi 16808 7399 .85

11 Ramkola 17741 7145 .78

12 Nebua Naurangia 16168 6390 .77

13 Bishunpura 18594 7110 .74

14 Khadda 19609 6805 .68

Total 225185 116123 1.04

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

Table – 4
Wheat Crop Concentration Index in Kushinagar District (2015)
(By Group)
S.No. Wheat Concentration Blocks
Index

1 1.50> High Fazilnagar, Sukrauli

2 1.00 to 1.50 Medium Tamkuri, Kaptan Gunj, Motichak

Hata, Kasia, Padrauna

3 .50 to 1.00 Low Nebua Naurangia, Seorahi, Ramkola

Dudahi, Bishunpura, Khadda

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

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Journal of Acharaya Narendra Dev Research Institute l ISSN : 0976-3287 l Vol-27 (Jan 2019-Jun 2019)

(3) Crop Concentration of Sugarcane –

Sugarcane is the cash crop. formers of Kushinagar earn amount of money by sugarcane production.
Highest crop concentration index for sugarcane is in Khadda block (1.61) and lowest is in Fazilnagar block
which is only .30 . Other blocks are Nebua Naurangia (1.35), Seorahi (1.31), Bishunpura (1.19), Ramkola
(1.17), Padrauna (.93), Dudhi (.93), Sukrauli (.62), Hata (.77), Kasia (.79), Kaptangunj (.85), Tamkuhi
(.86) and Motichak (.91) .

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Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop concentration in Kushinagar District

Table – 5
Sugarcane Crop Concentration Index in Kushinagar District (2015)
(In Descending Order)
S. No. Block Net Sown Sugarcane Area Sugarcane Crop
Area (In hec) (In hec) Concentration Index

1 Khadda 19609 9788 1.61

2 Nebua Naurangia 16168 6770 1.35

3 Tamkuhi 18195 6414 1.31

4 Bishunpura 18594 6875 1.19

5 Ramkola 17741 6450 1.17

6 Padrauna 22410 6495 .93

7 Dudahi 16888 4906 .93

8 Motichak 14080 3990 .91

9 Seorahi 14987 4018 .86

10 Kaptangunj 14634 3890 .85

11 Kasia 12238 3030 .79

12 Hata 13941 3345 .77

13 Sukrauli 12846 2484 .62

14 Fazil Nagar 12232 1170 .30

Total 225185 71100 .97

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

Table – 6
Sugarcane Crop Concentration Index in Kushinagar District (2015)
(By Group)
S.No. Sugercane Blocks
Concentration Index

1 1.50> Very High Khadda

2 1.00 to High Nebua Naurangia, Seorahi, Bishunpura,

1.50 Ramkola

3 .50 to 1.00 Medium Padrauna, Dudahi, Motichak, Tamkuri,

Kaptan Gunj, Kasia, , Hata, Sukrauli

4 <.50 Low Fazilnagar

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

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Journal of Acharaya Narendra Dev Research Institute l ISSN : 0976-3287 l Vol-27 (Jan 2019-Jun 2019)

Table – 6
Sugarcane Crop Concentration Index in Kushinagar District (2015)
(By Group)
S.No. Sugercane Blocks
Concentration Index

1 1.50> Very High Khadda

2 1.00 to High Nebua Naurangia, Seorahi, Bishunpura,

1.50 Ramkola

3 .50 to 1.00 Medium Padrauna, Dudahi, Motichak, Tamkuri,

Kaptan Gunj, Kasia, , Hata, Sukrauli

4 <.50 Low Fazilnagar

Source : Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

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 Agricultural Regionalization through Measurement of crop concentration in Kushinagar District

Conclusion

Block wise study of Kushinagar district shows us that in a block where the crop concentration index of a
crop is high, there is more production of that crop and the amount of other crops decreases. For example – The
crop concentration index of wheat and rice are highest in Fazilnagar and Sukrauli, therefore, wheat is grown
under Ravi and Rice under Kharif respectively high amount and other crops are grown here in small quantities.
Similarly, the crop concentration index of sugarcane is highest in Khadda block, due to which the production of
sugarcane is higher here and less production of other crop.

References

1. District Statistical Magazine, Kushinagar District, 2016

2. Tiwari R.C., Singh B.N.: Agricultural Geography, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2007
3. Bhatia S.S.: Pattern of Crop Concentration and Diversification in India, Economic Geography, Vol 41,
1965, PP 39-56
4. Chisholm, M: Problem in the classification and use of farming type regions, Inst. British Geographers,
Transactions nad paper, Vol 25, 1954
5. Singh, Jasbir: Spatio-Temporal Development in Land use efficiency in Haryana State, Geographical
review of India, Vol 34(4), 1972
6. Tiwari, R.C. : Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2007v

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