Ams 5659

AMS5659 REV.
P
AEROSPACE MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION Issued 1965-09
Revised 2014-02
Superseding AMS5659N
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings,

Rings, and Extrusions
15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb (Nb) - 3.5Cu
(Composition similar to UNS S15500)
RATIONALE
AMS5659P results from a limited scope ballot to revise Heat Treatment (3.4), Classification of Tests (4.2) and Reports
(4.4).
1. SCOPE
1.1 Form
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions in
the solution heat treated condition (See 8.3), and stock for forging, flash welded rings, or extruding.
1.1.1 For purchase of solution treated and aged product, use the applicable AMS slash specification (See 8.3). If a slash
sheet description is not specified, solution annealed material shall be supplied. A specific example of a slash
specification is:
AMS5659/H1025 – Precipitation Hardened to H1025 condition
1.2 Application
These products have been used typically for parts requiring corrosion resistance and high strength up to 600 °F (316 °C)
with good ductility and strength in the transverse direction in large section sizes, but usage is not limited to such
applications.
1.2.1 Certain design and processing procedures may cause these products to become susceptible to stress-corrosion
cracking; ARP1110 recommends practices to minimize such conditions.
1.3 Classification
Products covered by this specification are classified as follows:
Type 1 -Steel multiple melted using vacuum consumable electrode remelting.
Type 2 - Steel multiple melted using electroslag remelting.
1.3.1 Unless a specific type is ordered, either type may be supplied.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5659P Page 2 of 9
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the
extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue
is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the
last published issue of that document shall apply.
2.1 SAE Publications
Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
AMS2241 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel, Iron Alloy, Titanium, and Titanium Alloy Bars and
Wire
AMS2248 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Maraging and Other
Highly-Alloyed Steels, and Iron Alloys
AMS2300 Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure
AMS2315 Determination of Delta Ferrite Content
AMS2371 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys, Wrought
Products and Forging Stock
AMS2374 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel and Alloy Forgings
AMS2750 Pyrometry
AMS2806 Identification, Bars, Wire, Mechanical Tubing, and Extrusions, Carbon and Alloy Steels and Corrosion
and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys
AMS2808 Identification, Forgings
AMS5659/H1025 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Extrusions, 15Cr – 4.5Ni – 0.30Cb (Nb) –
3.5Cu, Consumable Remelted, Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (H1025)
AMS7490 Rings, Flash Welded, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Austenitic Steels, Austenitic-Type Iron, Nickel, or
Cobalt Alloys, or Precipitation-Hardenable Alloys
AMS-H-6875 Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Materials
ARP1110 Minimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking in Wrought Forms of Steels and Corrosion Resistant Steels and
Alloys
2.2 ASTM Publications
Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2059,
Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.
ASTM A 370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM A 604 Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets
ASTM E 353 Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
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3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Composition
Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with
ASTM E 353, by spectrochemical methods, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser.
TABLE 1 - COMPOSITION
Element min max

Carbon -- 0.07
Manganese -- 1.00
Silicon -- 1.00
Phosphorus -- 0.030
Sulfur -- 0.015
Chromium 14.00 15.50
Nickel 3.50 5.50
Columbium (Niobium) 5xC 0.45
Copper 2.50 4.50
Molybdenum -- 0.50
3.1.1 Check Analysis
Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2248.
3.2 Melting Practice
Product shall be multiple melted using vacuum consumable electrode remelting for Type 1 or using electroslag remelting
for Type 2.
3.3 Condition
The product shall be supplied in the following condition:
3.3.1 Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Flash Welded Rings
3.3.1.1 Rounds
Solution heat treated and smooth turned, centerless ground, or centerless ground and polished, or peeled and polished.
3.3.1.2 Hexagons
Solution heat treated, cold drawn, and descaled.
3.3.1.3 Squares and Flats
Hot finished, solution heat treated, and descaled.
3.3.1.4 Bar shall not be cut from plate (Also see 4.4.5).
3.3.1.5 Wire and Forgings
Solution heat treated and descaled.
3.3.1.6 Flash Welded Rings
Solution heat treated and descaled. Flash welded rings shall not be supplied unless specified or permitted on purchaser’s
part drawing. When supplied, rings shall be manufactured in accordance with AMS7490.
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3.3.2 Extrusions
Solution heat treated, straightened, and descaled.
3.3.3 Stock for Forging, Flash Welded Rings, or Extruding
As ordered by the forging, flash welded ring, or extrusion manufacturer.
3.4 Solution Heat Treatment
Bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions shall be solution heat treated in accordance with AMS-H-6875 by
heating to 1900 °F ± 25 (1038 °C ± 14), holding at heat for a time commensurate with section thickness, heating
equipment, and procedure used, and cooling as required to below 90 °F (32 °C). Pyrometry shall be in accordance with
AMS2750.
3.5 Properties
The product shall conform to the following requirements; tensile and hardness testing shall be performed in accordance
with ASTM A 370:
3.5.1 All Products
3.5.1.1 Macrostructure
Visual examination of transverse full cross-sections from bars, billets, and stock for forging, flash welded rings, or
extrusions, etched in hot hydrochloric acid in accordance with ASTM A 604, shall show no pipe or cracks. Porosity,
segregation, inclusions, and other imperfections shall be no worse than the macrographs of ASTM A 604 shown in
Table 2.
TABLE 2 - MACROSTRUCTURE LIMITS
Class Condition Severity

1 Freckles A
2 White Spots A
3 Radial Segregation A
4 Ring Pattern B
3.5.1.2 Microstructure
The product shall contain not more than 2% free ferrite, determined in accordance with AMS2315.
3.5.2 Bars, Wire, Forgings, Flash Welded Rings, and Extrusions
3.5.2.1 As Solution Heat Treated
3.5.2.1.1 Tensile Strength
Wire shall have tensile strength not higher than 175 ksi (1207 MPa).
3.5.2.1.2 Hardness
3.5.2.1.2.1 Bars
Not higher than 363 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2), determined at mid-radius or quarter thickness.
3.5.2.1.2.2 Forgings, Flash Welded Rings, and Extrusions
Not higher than 363 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2).

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3.5.2.2 After Precipitation Heat Treatment
The solution heat treated product, 12 inches (305 mm) and under in nominal diameter, thickness or for hexagons, least
distance between parallel sides, and having a maximum cross-sectional area of 144 square inches (930 sq cm),
precipitation heat treated to a particular condition in accordance with the corresponding temperatures and times shown in
Table 3 and cooled in air, shall have the properties specified in 3.5.2.2.1 and 3.5.2.2.2 for that particular condition. Tensile
tests shall be made in only the H900 precipitation heat treated condition unless purchaser specifies another heat treated
condition.
TABLE 3 - PRECIPITATION HEAT TREATING PARAMETERS
Condition Temperature Time

H900 900 °F ± 10 (482 °C ± 6) 1 hour + 15 min, -0
H925 925 °F ± 10 (496 °C ± 6) 4 hours + 30 min, -0
H1025 1025 °F ± 10 (552 °C ± 6) 4 hours + 30 min, -0
H1075 1075 °F ± 10 (579 °C ± 6) 4 hours +30 min, -0
H1100 1100 °F ± 10 (593 °C ± 6) 4 hours +30 min, -0
H1150 1150 °F ± 10 (621 °C ± 6) 4 hours + 30 min, -0
3.5.2.2.1 Tensile Properties
Shall be as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4A - MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES, INCH/POUND UNITS
Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in Reduction

Specimen Strength at 0.2% Offset 2 Inches or 4D of Area
Condition Orientation ksi ksi % %
H900 Longitudinal 190 170 10 35
Transverse 190 170 6 20
TABLE 4B - MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES, SI UNITS
Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in Reduction

Specimen Strength at 0.2% Offset 50.8 mm or 4D of Area
Condition Orientation MPa MPa % %
H900 Longitudinal 1310 1172 10 35
H925 Longitudinal 1172 1069 10 38
H1025 Longitudinal 1069 1000 12 45
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H1075 Longitudinal 1000 862 13 45


3.5.2.2.1.1 Longitudinal tensile property requirements apply to specimens taken in the longitudinal direction from bars,
wire, and extrusions, to specimens taken from forgings with axis of specimen in the area of gage length
varying not more than 15 degrees from parallel to the forging flow lines, and to specimens taken in the
circumferential direction from flash welded rings.
3.5.2.2.1.2 Transverse tensile property requirements apply to specimens taken approximately perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction of bars and extrusions, to specimens taken from forgings with axis of specimens in the
area of gage length varying not more than 15 degrees from perpendicular to the forging flow lines, and to
specimens taken in the radial or axial direction from flash welded rings.
3.5.2.2.1.3 Transverse tensile property requirements apply only to products from which a test specimen not less than
2-1/2 inches (63.5 mm) long can be taken. If the cross-sectional dimensions of the product permit, the
transverse testing shall be of the short-transverse (ST) direction; otherwise, the orientation shall be long
transverse (LT).
3.5.2.2.1.4 Products tested in the transverse direction need not be tested in the longitudinal direction.
3.5.3 Forging Stock
Specimens extracted from a forged test coupon and heat treated as in 3.4 and 3.5.2.2 shall conform to the requirements of
3.5.2.2.1. If specimens extracted directly from the stock and heat treated as in 3.4 and 3.5.2.2 conform to the requirements
of 3.5.2.2.1, the test results shall be accepted in lieu of tests of a forged coupon.
3.5.4 Stock for Flash Welded Rings or Extruding
A sample of stock heat treated as in 3.4 and 3.5.2.2 shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.2.2.1.
3.6 Quality
The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials
and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product.
3.6.1 Steel shall be premium aircraft-quality conforming to AMS2300.
3.6.2 Grain flow of die forgings, except in areas which contain flash-line end grain, shall follow the general contour of the
forgings showing no evidence of reentrant grain flow.
3.7 Tolerances
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Bars and wire shall conform to all applicable requirements of AMS2241. Tolerances for extrusions shall be as specified on
the extrusion drawing.
4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
4.1 Responsibility for Inspection
The vendor of the product shall supply all samples for vendor’s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all
required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to
ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements.
4.2 Classification of Tests
4.2.1 Acceptance Tests
The following requirements are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable:
4.2.1.1 Composition (3.1) and macrostructure rating (3.5.1.1) of each heat.
4.2.1.2 Tensile properties (3.5.2.1.1) of wire as solution heat treated.

4.2.1.3 Hardness (3.5.2.1.2) of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions as solution heat treated.
4.2.1.4 Tensile properties (3.5.2.2.1) of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions after precipitation heat
treatment.
4.2.1.5 Tolerances (3.7) of bars and wire.
4.2.2 Periodic Tests
The following requirements are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless
frequency of testing is specified by purchaser.
4.2.2.1 Microstructure (3.5.1.2).
4.2.2.2 Frequency-severity cleanliness rating (3.6.1).
4.2.2.3 Ability of forging stock (3.5.3) and stock for flash welded rings or extruding (3.5.4) to develop required
properties.
4.3 Sampling and Testing
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Shall be as follows:
4.3.1 Bars, Wire, Flash Welded Rings, Extrusions, and Stock for Forging, Flash Welded Rings, or Extruding
In accordance with AMS2371.
4.3.2 Forgings
4.4 Reports
The vendor of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings, and extrusions shall furnish with each shipment a report showing
the vendor’s name and country where the metal was melted (e.g., final melt in the case of metal processed by multiple
melting operations), and the following:
4.4.1 For each heat:
Composition
Macrostructure.
4.4.2 For each lot of bars, wire, flash welded rings, extrusions, and forgings:
If wire, tensile strength as solution heat treated

If product form other than wire, hardness as solution treated
All product forms, tensile properties after precipitation heat treatment.
4.4.3 A statement that the product is in the solution heat treated condition, and that it conforms to the other technical
requirements.
4.4.4 Purchase order number

Heat and lot numbers
AMS5659P
Size
Quantity.

4.4.5 If the size being shipped is different from the nominal metallurgically-worked cross-sectional size, the size of the
larger product and details of how the shipped size was extracted from the larger product shall be reported.
4.4.6 If forgings are supplied, the size and melt source of stock used to make the forgings.
4.4.7 The vendor of stock for forging, flash welded rings, or extrusions shall furnish with each shipment a report showing
the vendor’s name and country where the metal was melted (e.g., final melt in the case of metal processed by
multiple melting operations), composition, macrostructure of each heat. This report shall include the purchase
order number, heat number, AMS5659P, product form, size, and quantity.
4.5 Resampling and Retesting
4.5.1 Bars, Wire, Flash Welded Rings, Extrusions, and Stock for Forging, Flash Welded Rings, or Extruding
4.5.2 Forgings
5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY
5.1 Sizes
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Except when exact lengths or multiples of exact lengths are ordered, straight bars and wire will be acceptable in mill
lengths of 6 to 20 feet (1.8 to 6.1 m) but not more than 10% of any shipment shall be supplied in lengths shorter than
10 feet (3 m).
5.2 Identification
5.2.1 Bars, Wire, and Extrusions
5.2.2 Forgings
5.2.3 Flash Welded Rings and Stock for Forging, Flash Welded Rings, or Extruding
As agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.
5.3 Packaging
The product shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable
rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the product to ensure carrier acceptance
and safe delivery.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
A vendor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase
orders.
7. REJECTIONS
Product not conforming to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection.
8. NOTES
8.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical
revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of
the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R)
are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.
8.2 Hardness conversion tables for metals are presented in ASTM E 140.
8.3 Note: Except for forging stock (See 3.3.3), product supplied to this document will be in the solution heat treated
condition. AMS slash documents (See 1.1.1) cover product in a specific solution treated and aged condition.
8.4 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917.
8.5 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and
properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units
and are presented only for information.
8.6 Procurement documents should specify not less than the following:
AMS5659P
Product form and size or part number of product desired.
Quantity of product desired
Precipitation heat treated condition for response to heat treat test, if different from H900 (See 3.5.2.2).
PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE “F”

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AMS5659 REV.

Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings,

AMS5659/H1025 – Precipitation Hardened to H1025 condition

Products covered by this specification are classified as follows:

Type 1 -Steel multiple melted using vacuum consumable electrode remelting.

Type 2 - Steel multiple melted using electroslag remelting.

1.3.1 Unless a specific type is ordered, either type may be supplied.

2.1 SAE Publications

AMS2300 Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure

AMS2315 Determination of Delta Ferrite Content

AMS2808 Identification, Forgings

AMS-H-6875 Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Materials

2.2 ASTM Publications

ASTM A 370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

Copyright SAE International

Element min max

3.1.1 Check Analysis

Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2248.

3.2 Melting Practice

The product shall be supplied in the following condition:

3.3.1 Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Flash Welded Rings

Solution heat treated, cold drawn, and descaled.

3.3.1.3 Squares and Flats

Hot finished, solution heat treated, and descaled.

3.3.1.5 Wire and Forgings

Solution heat treated and descaled.

3.3.1.6 Flash Welded Rings

Copyright SAE International

Solution heat treated, straightened, and descaled.

3.3.3 Stock for Forging, Flash Welded Rings, or Extruding

As ordered by the forging, flash welded ring, or extrusion manufacturer.

3.4 Solution Heat Treatment

3.5.1 All Products

TABLE 2 - MACROSTRUCTURE LIMITS

Class Condition Severity

3.5.2 Bars, Wire, Forgings, Flash Welded Rings, and Extrusions

3.5.2.1 As Solution Heat Treated

3.5.2.1.1 Tensile Strength

3.5.2.1.2.2 Forgings, Flash Welded Rings, and Extrusions

Not higher than 363 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2).

Copyright SAE International

TABLE 3 - PRECIPITATION HEAT TREATING PARAMETERS

Condition Temperature Time

3.5.2.2.1 Tensile Properties

Shall be as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4A - MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES, INCH/POUND UNITS

Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in Reduction

TABLE 4B - MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES, SI UNITS

Tensile Yield Strength Elongation in Reduction

H1075 Longitudinal 1000 862 13 45

Copyright SAE International

3.5.3 Forging Stock

3.5.4 Stock for Flash Welded Rings or Extruding

3.6.1 Steel shall be premium aircraft-quality conforming to AMS2300.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Responsibility for Inspection

4.2 Classification of Tests

4.2.1 Acceptance Tests

4.2.1.1 Composition (3.1) and macrostructure rating (3.5.1.1) of each heat.