6

Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Solving Problems on Proportion

AIRs - LM
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
Mathematics 6
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Solving Problems on Proportion
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Franklin M. Manongdo & Nora P. Caligtan

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Rizza A. Samson
Language Reviewer: Teresa S. Ganuelas
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr.
Design and Layout Editor: Jhoanne A. Lomboy

Management Team:
Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.
Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: launion@deped.gov.ph

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
 6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Solving Problems on Proportion

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
 Target

Good day Grade 6 learners! How are you? We hope you are all fine. Get ready
as we explore the world of proportions. This time, you will be learning about finding
a missing term and solving problems involving the three types of proportion (direct,
inverse, and partitive).

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

• find a missing term in a proportion (direct, inverse, and partitive) (M6NS-IIb-
133), and
• solve problems involving direct proportion, partitive proportion, and inverse
proportion in different contexts such as distance, rate, and time using
appropriate strategies and tools (M6NS-IIc-134)

Learning Objectives
1. write proportions in colon and fractional form,
2. describe each type of proportion,
3. set-up correctly the proportion of two equal ratios,
4. identify the proportion used in a problem,
5. find a missing term in a proportion, and
6. solve problems involving direct proportion, partitive proportion, and inverse
proportion in different contexts such as distance, rate, and time using
appropriate strategies and tools

This module provides you a complete guide and helps you to become confident
in doing the different activities. Moreover, activities are designed to aid your mastery
of the lesson since discussions and steps are included.

Pre-Test

A. Solve each question correctly by following the instructions given. Choose the letter
of the correct answer. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
30 150
1) What is the value of n in = ?
4 n
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26

2) Find the value of N in 4 : 15 = N : 180.

A. 25 B. 32 C. 40 D. 48

3) Divide 75 in the ratio 2:3.

A. 30 & 45 B. 25 & 50 C. 15 & 60 D. 10 & 65

4) Divide 135 in the ratio 4:5.

A. 50 & 85 B. 40 & 95 C. 80 & 55 D. 60 & 75

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
1
5) 20 girls can decorate the auditorium in 6 hours while 10 girls will do it in N hours.
What is N?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16

B. Analyze each problem carefully. Solve each and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

6) To make 32 pancakes, Lola Tessie uses 6 tablespoons of baking powder. How many
tablespoons of baking powder does she need to make 48 pancakes?
A. 9 B. 11 C. 10 D. 12

7) If 20 persons can consume a certain amount of food in 3 months, in how many

months can 10 persons consume the same amount of food?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

8) 180 is divided into two parts in the ratio of 4:5:3. What is the biggest number?
A. 60 B. 75 C. 90 D. 105

9) Twelve boys can eat the food in 4 days, how many days will the food last if there
are only 8 boys?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

10) In a farm, the ratio of chickens to ducks is 5:6. If there is a total of 1122 chickens
and ducks, how many of each kind of animals are there?
A. 500 & 622 B. 502 & 620 C. 510 & 612 D. 520 & 602

Jumpstart

Read and analyze the situation below.

Agnes uses 3 tablespoons of baking powder to make 16 pancakes. How

many tablespoons of baking powder does she need to make 80 pancakes?

Based from the problem presented, complete the table below to help you set
up the proportion correctly and find the missing term.

No. of tablespoons of baking powder

No. of pancakes

After completing the table, answer this question:

1. How many tablespoons of baking powder does she need to make 80 pancakes?
________________

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

2
 Discover

Finding a missing term in a proportion

The problem presented involves a proportion. A proportion is an equation
comparing two equal ratios. The numbers in the proportion are called terms. A
proportion has four terms. Sometimes one of the terms is not known. If you know
three of the four terms, you can solve for the unknown term. There are two parts in
a proportion: the means and the extremes.
means
“Extremes” refer to the
“Means” refer to the outer terms in a
8 : 1 = 24 : 3
inner terms in a proportion.
proportion.
extremes
To answer the question regarding how many tablespoons of baking powder
are needed to make 80 pancakes, you need to set up the proportion correctly. Using
the table, we have
No. of tablespoons of baking powder 3 N
No. of pancakes 16 80

Therefore, the correct proportion set up for the problem is

3 : 16 = N : 80 .
Let us now find the missing term to solve the problem.
Solution:
3 N
3:16 = N:80 (multiply the extremes and means) or = (cross multiply)
16 80
16N = 3 x 80
16N = 240
16N = 240
16 16
240
N=
16
N = 15 (The missing term is 15 which represents the number of
tablespoons of baking powder)
To check if your answer is correct, get the product of the extremes and means.
The product of the extremes should be equal to the product of the means.

extremes 3 x 80 = 240

3 : 16 = 15 : 80

means 16 x 15 = 240
There are three types of proportion namely direct proportion, inverse or
indirect proportion, and partitive proportion.
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

3
Direct Proportion

A proportion is said to be direct if the increase in one quantity causes increase

in other quantity or decrease in one quantity causes decrease in other quantity. They
are related directly.
Knowing that the ratio does not change allows you to form an equation to find the
value of an unknown variable.

Example 1.

The ratio of two numbers is 3:5. If the larger number is 30, what is the
smaller number?

Let us organize it on a table.

Smaller number 3 N
Bigger number 5 30

Set up the proportion: 3: 5 = N:30

Find the missing term: 3: 5 = N:30 (multiply the extremes and means)
Solution: 5N = 3 x 30
5N = 90
5N = 90
5 5
90
N=
5
N = 18 (The missing term is 18 which represents
the smaller number.)

Inverse or Indirect Proportion

For inverse proportion, the absolute value or magnitude of one variable gets
bigger, the absolute value or magnitude of another gets smaller, such that their
product is always the same. In other words, if increased in one quantity causes
decrease in other quantity or decrease in one quantity, then we say that both
quantities are inversely related
Example 2.

If 8 men can finish a work in 6 days, how many men can finish the same work in
4 days?

• If the work be finished by 8 men in 6 days, will the same amount of work
be finished by more or less than 8 men in 4 days?

• If you decrease the number of days to finish the work, there should be a
corresponding increase in the number of men.

• How will you form the proportion of this kind of problem?

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
4
 To form the proportion of the problem above, write the number of days as one
ratio and the number of men as the other ratio. Place the higher value of each ratio
on the same side of the quantity.

No. of days No. of men

Proportion: 6 : 4 = N : 8 or 4 : 6 = 8 : N

Higher value Higher value

Solution: 4N = 6 x 8 Note that in an inverse

4N = 48 proportion, the higher number in
4N = 48 each ratio is on the same side of
4 4 the quantity.
48
N=
4
N = 12

6 N 4 8
or = or =
4 8 6 N
4N = 6 x 8
4N = 48
4N = 48
4 4
48
N=
4
N = 12
So, 12 men are needed to finish the work in 4 days. Since the work should be
finished in just 4 days, then, it will need a greater number of men or workers to finish
it.

Partitive Proportion

Partitive proportion is used to divide a whole number or a whole amount

into parts proportional to the given. It means you must know how to identify parts
of a whole based on a given ratio of these parts.

Example 3.

Victoria filled three containers, X, Y and Z with mango juice in the ratio
2:3:4. If the total amount of mango juice is 36 liters, find the capacity of the 3
containers.

How will you form the proportion of this kind of problem?

To answer the problem presented, you need to divide 36 in the ratio 2:3:4.
The sum of the ratio is 9, so there are 9 equal parts.
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
5
 2 3 4
Therefore, each quantity is equal to , and , respectively.
9 9 9
2 N
To find the capacity of container X, you can use this proportion: =
9 36
2 N
Solution: =
9 36
9N = 2 x 36
72
N=
9
N=8
3 N
To find the capacity of container Y, you can use this proportion: =
9 36
3 N
Solution: =
9 36
9N = 3 x 36
108
N=
9
N = 12
4 N
To find the capacity of container Z, you can use this proportion: =
9 36
4 N
Solution: =
9 36
9N = 4 x 36
144
N=
9
N = 16

Therefore, the capacity of the containers is:

Container X = 8 L Container Z = 16 L
Container Y = 12 L

Now that you know already how to set-up correctly and find a missing term in
a proportion, you are now ready to solve word problems involving each type of
proportion.

Remember that in solving word problems involving each type of proportion,

follow these basic steps:

Steps in Solving Problems Involving Proportions

1. Understand the problem • Identify what the problem asks for.
situation. (Think) • Identify what are the given facts.
2. Plan what to do. • Plan on how you will find the answer.
• Formulate the equation / set-up the proportion
3. Carry out the plan. • Solve the problem using the equation
• Give the complete answer.
4. Check/Evaluate your • Is the answer reasonable?
answer. • Is your solution correct?
• Verify the answer if correct.
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

6
Study the following problems to know how to solve each type of proportion.

Problem 1. A tricycle can travel 150 km in 5 hours. How far can it take in 8
hours?
1. UNDERSTAND the problem.
• Asked: The distance a tricycle can travel
• Given facts: 150 km in 5 hours; 8 hours

2. PLAN what to do.

• Equation (set-up of the proportion)

The given problem used a type of proportion called direct proportion. The
longer the time it travels the farther the distance it covers.
Thus, in direct proportion, as one quantity increases the other increases at
the same rate and vice, versa.
To set up a direct proportion, a sequence is followed. The second ratio
should be in the same order as the first ratio.
• Let n as the distance the tricycle can travel.

For example, going back to the problem, the order of the terms in the ratios
are as follows:

number of kilometers number of kilometers

=
number of hours number of hours

150 n
=
5 8
3. SOLVE the problem.

150 n
• Solution: = Get the cross products.
5 8

5n = 150 x 8
5n 1200
5
= 5 Divide both sides by 5.

n = 240 km

• Complete Answer: The tricycle can travel 240 kilometers in 8 hours.

4. CHECK your answer

Substitute the value of n to the equation and check if the two ratios form a
proportion.
150 240
= Get the cross products.
5 8
150 x 8 = 5 x 240
1200 = 1200

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

7
Additional Information:
Below are some cases that shows direct proportion:
a. The faster the speed, the greater the distance travelled.
b. The higher the number of persons, the more food required.
c. The greater the dimensions, the bigger the area.
d. The greater the principal, the bigger the interest.

Problem 2. Mother gave Carlo and Carla Php 750 as their allowance. Their
share was in the ratio 2:3 respectively. How much did each
receive?

1. UNDERSTAND the problem.

• Asked: the amount each received
• Given facts: P 750 the allowance given by mother to Carlo and Carla, 2:3 the
ratio of their share

2. PLAN what to do.

• Equation (set-up of the proportion)
The given problem used a type of proportion called partitive proportion. In a
partitive proportion, a number is divided into parts proportional to the given ratio.
To set up the proportion, write the ratio over its sum. On the other side
the terms over the given number.
• Let n as the share of Carlo; and m as the share of Carla.
• Get the sum of the terms: 2+3=5, then get the amount of each share
2 n
Carlo’s share =
5 P 750

3 m
Carla’s share =
5 P 750
3. SOLVE the problem.
• Solution: Solve for each term.
a. n as the share of Carlo b. m as the share of Carla
2 n 3 m
= P 750 Get the cross products. = P 750 Get the cross products.
5 5

5 x n = 2 x P 750 5 x m = 3 x P 750

5n = P 1500 5m = P 1500

5n 𝑃1500 5m 𝑃2250
= 5 Divide both sides by 5.
= 5 Divide both sides by 5
5 5
n = P 300 m = P 450

Complete Answer: Carlo received P 300 while Carla received P 450.

4. CHECK your answer

To check, add the amounts received by Carlo and Carla. The sum should be
equal to P 750.
P 300 + P 450 = P 750

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

8
We can also check it this way:
Substitute the value of n to the equation and check if the two ratios form a
proportion.
2 P300
= Get the cross products.
3 P450

2 x P450 = 3 x P300
P900 = P900

Problem 3. If 8 men can do a work in 30 days, in how many days will 15 men
complete the same work?

1. UNDERSTAND the problem.

• Asked: the number of days 15 men will complete the same work
• Given facts: 8 men can do it in 30 days; 15 men

2. PLAN what to do.

• Equation (set-up of the proportion)

The given problem used a type of proportion called inverse proportion, since
we expect a smaller number of days to do the job for a greater number of men.

So, in an inverse proportion, as one quantity increases, the other decreases or

as one quantity decreases the other increases.

To form the proportion of the problem above, write the number of days as one
ratio and the number of men as the other ratio. Place the higher value of each
ratio on the same side of the quantity.
Let n as the number of days.
No. of men No. of days
Proportion: 8 : 15 = n : 30 or 15 : 8 = 30 : n

8 (men) n (days)
(fraction form) =
15(men) 30(days)

3. SOLVE the problem.

8 (men) n (days) 8 n
Solution: = = Get the cross products.
15(men) 30(days) 15 30

15 x n = 8 x 30
15n = 240
15n 240
= Divide both sides by 15.
15 15
n = 16
Complete Answer: Therefore, 15 men will complete the work in 16 days.

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
9
4. CHECK your answer.
Substitute the value of n to the equation and check if the two ratios form a
proportion.
8 16 Get the cross products.
=
15 30
8 x 30 = 15 x 16
240 = 240
Additional Information:
Here are some situations where inverse proportions are applied:
a. The bigger the number of workers, the lesser the number of working days.
b. The greater the speed, the lesser the time (when the distance is constant.)
c. The shorter the length, the longer the width of a rectangle (when the area is
constant).

Explore

Directions: Do the activities on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Find the missing term in the following proportion set up.
1) 14 : 18 = N: 54
2) 45 : N = 135: 150
3) N : 24 = 45 : 72
4) 36 : N = 4 : 9

B. Find the terms in the following by dividing each quantity into the specified
ratio.
5) 180 in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4
6) 400 in the ratio 5 : 3
7) 240 in the ratio 2 : 4 : 6

C. Set up the proportion correctly and then find the missing term.
8) A sack of rice is enough for a family of 6 members in 15 days, while 4
members can consume this in _____days.
Proportion: __________________________ Missing Term: _____________

9) 5 technicians can repair 10 computers in 5 hours, whereas 10 technicians

can finish the work at the same condition in ___ hours.
Proportion: __________________________ Missing Term: _____________

10) 6 men can build a house in 80 days, whereas this job can be finished in
___ days if 4 men will join them.
Proportion: __________________________ Missing Term: ____________

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
10
 Deepen

Directions: Read, understand and analyze each problem, then answer the
questions. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

A. Nine pipes can fill a water tank in 5 hours. Find the time required for 15
pipes to fill up the tank.

1. Identify what the problem 1.

asks for.
Think
2. Identify what are the given 2.
facts.
3. Plan on how you will find 3.
the answer.
Plan
Formulate the equation / set-
up the proportion
4. Solve the problem using 4.
Carry out the
the equation
plan.
5. Give the complete answer. 5.
• Is the answer reasonable?
Check
• Is your solution correct?

B. A map is drawn to a scale of 3cm : 6km. A bridge is 36 km long. Calculate

the length of the bridge on the map in centimeters.

1. Identify what the problem 1.

asks for.
Think
2. Identify what are the given 2.
facts.
3. Plan on how you will find 3.
the answer.
Plan
Formulate the equation / set-
up the proportion
4. Solve the problem using the 4.
Carry out the
equation
plan.
5. Give the complete answer. 5.
Check • Is the answer reasonable?
• Is your solution correct?

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

11
 Gauge

A. Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of your
choice in a sheet of paper.

1. A tree casts a shadow of 12 meters while a 3-meter post nearby casts a

shadow of 4 meters. What is the height of the tree?
A. 7 meters B. 8 meters C. 9 meters D. 10 meters

2. It takes 52 hours to make a land trip to Davao at 30 kilometers per hour.

How long should it take to make the same trip at a speed of 42 km per
hour?
A. 35 hours B. 37 hours C. 39 hours D. 41 hours

3. There are 44 faculty members in Central School. The ratio of male to female
teachers is 2:9. How many female teachers were there?
A. 36 males B. 36 females C. 39 males D. 39 females

4. Ferdinand bicycled 25 kilometers in 5 hours. At this rate, how far could he

travel in 8 hours?
A. 40 kilometers B. 42 kilometers
C. 44 kilometers D.46 kilometers

5. For every 5 boys, there are 4 girls. If there are 189 learners in all, how many
are girls?
A. 105 girls B. 84 girls C. 80 girls D. 55 girls

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
12
B. Directions: Read, understand and analyze each problem, then answer the
questions. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

A profit of P4,500 is to be divided among 2 persons, X and Y, in the ratio

4:5. Find the share of X.

6. Identify what the problem 6.

asks for.
Think
7. Identify what are the given 7.
facts.
8. Plan on how you will find 8.
the answer.

Plan
Formulate the equation / set-up
the proportion

9. Solve the problem using 9.

Carry out the equation
the plan.
10. Give the complete answer. 10.
• Is the answer reasonable?
Check
• Is your solution correct?

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2

13
 14
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
Pretest
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C
Jumpstart
No. of tablespoons of baking powder 3 N
No. of pancakes 16 80
15 tablespoons of baking powder
Explore
1) 42 8) Proportion: or 6:4 = N:15 Missing Term: 22
2) 50 9) Proportion: or 5:10 = N:5 Missing Term: 2
3) 15 10) Proportion: or 6:10 = N:80 Missing Term: 48
4) 81
5) 40, 60, 80
6) 250, 150
7) 40, 80, 120
Deepen
A.
Think 1. Identify what the problem asks for. 1. The number of hours to fill up the
tank
2. Identify what are the given facts.
2. 9 pipes can fill the tank in 5 hours;
15 pipes
Plan 3. Plan on how you will find the 9 15
3. =
n 5
answer.
Formulate the equation / set-up the
proportion
Carry out the 4. Solve the problem using the
plan. equation
5. Give the complete answer.
4.
5. It will take 3 hours to fill up the
tank.
Check • Is the answer reasonable?
• Is your solution correct?
Key Answer
 15
LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
Deepen
B.
Think 1. Identify what the problem asks for. 1. The length of the bridge on the
map in cm
2. Identify what are the given facts.
2. 3 cm: 6 km; 36 km actual length of
the bridge
Plan 3. Plan on how you will find the 3 n
3. =
6 36
answer.
Formulate the equation / set-up the
proportion
Carry out the 4. Solve the problem using the
plan. equation
5. Give the complete answer.
4.
5. The length of the bridge on the
map is 18 cm.
Check • Is the answer reasonable?
• Is your solution correct?
Gauge
A. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
B.
Think 6. Identify what the problem 1. the share of X
asks for.
7. Identify what are the given
facts. 2. P4,500 profit; divided to X and Y;
ratio 4:5
Plan 8. Plan on how you will find 4 n
3. =
9 P4 500
the answer.
Formulate the equation / set-up the
proportion
Carry out the 9. Solve the problem using
plan. the equation
10. Give the complete
answer.
4.
5. The share of X is P 2 000.
Check • Is the answer reasonable?
• Is your solution correct?
References
Abelardo B. Medes, 2015. Real – Life Mathematics 5. Philippines. Abiva Publishing
House, Inc.
Adriano M. Taruc, et al. 2006. Realistic Math Worktext 6. Philippines. SIBS
Publishing House, Inc.

Antonio A. Casupang. 2000. Math and Beyond 6 Revised Edition.Makati City,

Philippines: Salesiana Publishers, Inc.

Department of Education Bureau of Elementary Education. 2003. Lesson Guide in

Elementary Mathematics. Quezon City, Philippines: Book Media Press, Inc.

Editha M. Baylen. 2011. Workbook-Reviewer in Mathematics 6. Bulacan, Philippines:

Calligraphy Print.

Elmer M. Apistar, et al. 2020. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 6. Philippines.

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Joel T. Torrecampo et al. Building New Horizon in Math. Philippines.

Luzviminda C. Funa, et al. 2001. Mathematics in a Challenging World 6. Philippines.

Instructional Coverage System Publishing, Inc.
Maria Rovil L. Caingat. 2005. Enjoying Mathematics Workbook 6. Mandaluyong City,
Philippines: Jedigar Enterprises.

Marjoseph H. Perez, et al. 2016. 21st Century MATHletes 6. Quezon City, Philippines.
Vibal Group, Inc.

Steck-Vaughn. 1997. GED Skillbook in Mathematics.United States of America: Steck-

Vaughn Company.
Steck-Vaughn. 2000. PRE-GED Book in Mathematics.United States of America: Steck-
Vaughn Company.

Steck-Vaughn. 2002. Complete GED Preparation.United States of America: Steck-

Vaughn Company.
Teodora A. Riel, 2009. Number Smart: Quest for Excellence 6. Philippines. Rex Book
Store, Inc.

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
16
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@deped.gov.ph
lrm.launion@deped.gov.ph

LU_Q2_Mathematics6_Module2
17